Nursing Project 1: Principles, Practices, and Aged Care in Detail

This nursing project report, titled 'Nursing Project 1,' delves into various aspects of aged care. Part 1 explores fundamental principles, including person-centered, strength-centered, and active support practices, alongside recording and reporting documents, roles and responsibilities of care providers, service delivery models, and legal/ethical requirements. The report also examines factors affecting older adults, skill development for direct care workers, typical conditions, and major risks in aged care facilities. Part 2 addresses basic human needs, self-actualization, stages of human development, aspects of well-being, individual differences, and requirements for good health. The report includes a case study and references, offering a comprehensive overview of aged care principles and practices, making it a valuable resource for nursing students. The project emphasizes practical application and theoretical understanding of providing quality care for the elderly.

NURSING PROJECT 1
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Basic principles of person centred practice in the context of individualised support planning
and delivery............................................................................................................................1
2. Basic principles of strength centred practice in the context of individualised support
planning and delivery.............................................................................................................1
3. Basic principles of Active Support in the context of individualised support planning and
delivery...................................................................................................................................2
4. Examples of recording and reporting documents used in the care service industry..........2
5. Roles and responsibilities of the following people in the provision of care......................3
6. Service delivery models in aged care.................................................................................3
7. Standards of service delivery models in the aged care sector............................................4
8. Legal and ethical requirements are applied in the care service industry............................5
9. Factors that affect the older people requiring support........................................................6
10. Practices, which supports skill maintenance and development for direct care workers.. 6
11. Typical conditions experienced by an aged care client....................................................6
12. Major risks typically encountered in aged care facilities.................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
1. Brief descriptions of basic human needs............................................................................7
2. Concept of self actualisation as it relates to aged care.......................................................8
3. Stages of human development across the lifespan.............................................................8
4. Aspects of well-being.........................................................................................................8
5. Individual differences among people.................................................................................9
6. Basic requirements for good health....................................................................................9
Case Study 1: Abraham Chatzkel...........................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
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INTRODUCTION
Nursing is said to a term, where description of both science and art; along with, heart and
a mind as well (Barton, Bruce and Schreiber, 2018). At its heart, lies a fundamental respect for
human dignity and an intuition for a patient’s needs. Report is going to be enclosed with number
of principles of person centred practice, strength centred practice and Active Support. Away with
this, report is also going to focus on recording and reporting documents and on some of case
studies will also be enclosed with
PART 1
1. Basic principles of person centred practice in the context of individualised support planning
and delivery.
There are number of person centred practice principles that are available which supports
planning along with the delivery and these are given underneath:
 Affording the dignity of people, compassion and respect of both users along with the
provider.
 Considering an individual as a partner within their own health care, which means well-
being along with health are something that needs proper attention rather than different ill
conditions (Boswell and Cannon, 2018).
 Another principle that came in front i.e. offering treatment over high range of episodes of
treatment, care and therapy over time, co-ordinated care and so on.
2. Basic principles of strength centred practice in the context of individualised support planning
and delivery.
Strength Centred Practice's principles considering the planning and delivery in regards to
supporting individuals are given underneath:
 Basic principle is focusing on abilities, strengths and potential rather than problems,
 Recognising expertise on a particular area the strengths and participants. Rather than
being the expert, facilitators recognise the expertise of participants and are open to
learning as well.
 Another principle i.e. active involvement of participants in decisions about the purpose,
content and processes of the group.
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3. Basic principles of Active Support in the context of individualised support planning and
delivery.
Principles of Active Support considering the planning and delivery in regards to
supporting individuals are given underneath:
 Proper Engagement where performing a range of things, proper participation, making
decisions, spending time with others (Choi and Lee, 2018).
 Performing all the activities with full of enthusiasm so that effectively gained all the
opportunities.
 Consistency is something, that has approached with number of structures along with
predictability, which helps individual in gaining both satisfaction and comfort as well.
4. Examples of recording and reporting documents used in the care service industry
Document Process Rationale
Progress Notes In present context, process is
where a healthcare
professionals record details to
document a patient's clinical
status or achievements during
the course of a hospitalization
or over the course of outpatient
care (Dale, and Helton, 2018) .
It is vital because, treatment
can be given to patients. Based
on their needs and
requirements considering the
medical conditions.
Incident Reports Process of incident reports is
given underneath:
The first step is that, taking the
immediate action, reporting
incident, reporting authorities,
investigating the developed
corrective actions, calculating
the costs, conduct a root cause
analysis and lastly, recording
the details in the last presence.
Basic requirement of
developing incident report is
that, it can help management in
focusing upon potential
problem or the areas, which
needs to be fixed.
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5. Roles and responsibilities of the following people in the provision of care
Role Responsibilities
5.1 Carers and Family Their role is to give both
medical and emotional
support.
Taking care of patients.
5.2 Person being supported Role is to encourage and
communicate with patient
during their stay at Hospital.
Primal duty is to support
patients mentally.
5.3 Health professionals Serve medical services on
patients (Hoeck and Delmar,
2018.).
Duty is to serve better to
patients and to respect the
oath.
5.4 Care Workers Deliver right service to patient
in correct time.
Support well-being of patients
dealing with health issues.
5.5 Supervisors Analysing the medical
conditions of patients.
Responsibility is to monitoring
nurses’ productivity and
providing constructive
feedback and coaching.
6. Service delivery models in aged care
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Residential care This is defined as long term care provided to
adults or children who are staying in a
residential setting and not in their homes
(Holopainen, Nyström, and Kasén, 2019).
There are different residential care options
available for people depending upon
requirements of individuals.
Respite care This is a planned and or emergency temporary
care provided to care givers of an adult or
child. These provides planned short term and
time limited breaks for families.
Home and community care These provide basic support services so that
old people and individuals with disability can
continue to live their lives effectively. This
care provides help at home, support in getting
out into community and breaking for carers.
7. Standards of service delivery models in the aged care sector
Residential care Home care standards are developed by
Australian Government and state and territory
government. Standards for home care are
Child-centred Care and Support;
Effective Care and Support, Safe Care and
Support, Health, Wellbeing and Development.
Home and community care Home and Community Care (HACC) (in
Victoria and Western Australia),
Commonwealth HACC Program, Home Care
Packages and National Respite for Carers
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Program (NRCP).
8. Legal and ethical requirements are applied in the care service industry.
Privacy, confidentiality and disclosure These are commonly used interchangeability.
These are associated with privacy of the
patient. It is necessary that medical
practitioners have to keep privacy and
confidentiality of their patients (Jefferies and
et. al., 2018).
Duty of care This is a legal obligation that is imposed on
individuals requiring adherence to standard of
reasonable care while performing any act that
can foreseeably harm others.
Dignity of risk This refers to care of patients. This is an idea
which self-determination and right to take
reasonable risks are necessary for dignity and
self-esteem and it should not be impended
exclusively about duty of care.
Human rights All healthcare organisations have to follow all
regulations and rules for maintaining rights of
their patients.
Discrimination All patients are treated equally by medical
practitioners. If they discriminate then that
medical practitioner will be punished as per the
law (Kennedy-Malone, Martin-Plank and
Duffy, 2018).
Mandatory reporting This is legal obligation to report some kind of
concern to child welfare authorities. Health
organisations provide rules and regulations that
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benefits child patients.
Work role boundaries – responsibilities and
limitations
A role boundary is defined as duties, rights and
limitations and health organisations have to
provide adequate attention to issue of role
management. Organisation's management
ensures that there are well understood by peer
supporters and service users.
9. Factors that affect the older people requiring support
Older individuals are weak and it is seen that they suffer from various diseases like -
an increase in physical health problems/conditions e.g. heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's
disease.
chronic pain.
side-effects from medications (Koivunen and Saranto, 2018).
losses: relationships, independence, work and income, self-worth, mobility and flexibility.
Old people need support while doing their daily activities if they are suffering from any of the
other mentioned problem.
10. Practices, which supports skill maintenance and development for direct care workers.
Any care worker requires skill for maintenance and development for treating patients. It is
important for direct care workers for helping in implementing skill development plans. This
consists of encouraging and motivating people for supporting and providing positive
reinforcement to learning.
Different physiotherapists and occupational therapists have baseline assessment and expected
outcomes.
11. Typical conditions experienced by an aged care client
Condition Indicators of unmet care needs Ways to respond to unmet needs
Incontinence Bruises and blue mark Through meeting the standard
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measures.
Dementia Behaviour problems Considering different range of
communication would help in
meeting the requirements in specified
time frame (Labrague and et. al.,
2018)
Hearing
difficulties
Self-reported hearing difficulty Focusing upon different unmet
needs.
12. Major risks typically encountered in aged care facilities
Risks Ways to respond to the risks
Manual handling
injuries
Giving first aid and then considering the proper medication.
Resident Aggression Listening carefully, hold the grounds and wait out their outbursts.
Infection Building the immune system much more stronger.
PART 2
1. Brief descriptions of basic human needs
Basic human needs Description
Physical Physical needs are those which are necessary for a survival of a human
being as these needs are the absolute necessities. Physical needs
comprises of the needs for the foods, water, air , shelter etc.
Physiological These needs are similar to the physical needs as these needs serves the
human being with the essential or basic items which every human being
is required to have so that they can easily live their life. Some of the
physiological needs are food, water, self-esteem etc. (Liu and et. al.,
2018).
Spiritual These needs are related to the spirits aspects of the human being. These
needs are required by the human being in order to find out the meaning,
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value and purpose in their life. These needs involves religions, faith,
trust, belief which gives a meaning to an individual lives.
Cultural Cultural needs are those which are influenced through the culture where
in the individual lives. These needs vary from one person to another
according to their culture. These needs are influenced through various
factors such as persons caste, age, gender, religion etc.
Sexual These are the needs which involves a desire of a person, their interest in
the sexual objects or as their wish.
2. Concept of self actualisation as it relates to aged care
Concept of self-actualisation is first introduced by Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
as this has considered different levels of psychological development, which could effectively be
attained in terms of mental needs and along with essential as well, which is required to be
fulfilled while getting treated within the aged care (Michelan and Spiri, 2018).
3. Stages of human development across the lifespan
Life Stages Descriptions
3.1 Infancy A newborn, with a keen sense of hearing but very poor vision is
transformed into a walking, talking toddler within a relatively short
period of time.
3.2 Early Childhood Early childhood is also referred to as the preschool years consisting of the
years which follow toddler hood and precede formal schooling.
3.3 Preschool age This stage can be defined as the age where, a child is basically being sent
to kindergarten.
3.4 School age Individual starts going to school to learn different range of things.
3.5 Adolescence Adolescence is said to be a place period of dramatic physical change
marked by an overall physical growth spurt and sexual maturation,
known as puberty (Oermann and et. al., 2018).
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3.6 Early adulthood The twenties and thirties are often thought of as early adulthood.
3.7 Adulthood This is being considered as the late thirties through the mid-sixties is
referred to as middle adulthood.
3.8 Maturity Late adulthood is sometimes subdivided into two or three categories such
as the “young old” and “old” and “oldest old”.
4. Aspects of well-being
Aspects of well-being Description
Physical Blood flow, and proper protein maintained in the body is something,
which can be considered as physically good health.
Psychological Mental state is good enough,
Social Appropriate relations made with other individuals.
Spiritual Ability to experience something good in regards to art, music, nature
or any other aspects.
Cultural Cultural activities, along with the freedom to retain, interpret and
express their history, heritage arts, and traditions (Pappas and
McCauley, 2018).
Financial Financial well-being can be considered as something, which covers
both security and feelings as well to meet with the needs.
5. Individual differences among people
a. Values, beliefs and ideology are said to be some elements that could be considered as
something which interrelates differences among people
b. Provisions of people gets changes regularly.
6. Basic requirements for good health
Requirements of good
health
How it applies to older individuals
Mental health With proper mind-set, all the body parts will work nicely.
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Nutrition and Hydration Considering these, both hydration and nutrition are said to be
something, which may help older individuals in living a good
life.
Exercise Considering and focusing upon exercises would help older
individuals in maintaining all the efforts that they are putting to
move or to perform other tasks.
Hygiene With the help of proper hygiene older individual would not go
through various issues like gastric problems and more.
Lifestyle With the help of updating the living standards.
Case Study 1: Abraham Chatzkel
Scenario 1: Abraham's Care Plan
1) What is your role in implementing Abraham's individual care plan?
The main role of implementing Abraham's individual care plan is to provide this patient
old-age care with minimum complications. Planning of care plan will allow health care
practitioners in addressing all issues of patients so that they can give better experience to patient.
2) What aspects of the care plan are beyond the scope of your role? List at least two.
In context to current given case study, it has been analysed that the scope of developed
care plan is vast for health care practitioners. As per the current case two main aspects of this
care plan are described as below in effective manner:
 Personal hygiene: The scope is vast for this as it helps health care practitioners in
executing their job responsibilities effectively (Rennó, Ramos and Brito, 2018).
 It also allows nursing staff in taking nursing interventions that are documented in care
plan. Here, Patients also gets better environment where they can easily recover within
less period of time.
3) Which parts of the care plan do you recommend to be reviewed and revised?
Cultural and spiritual part of care plan is required to be revised and reviewed. This is
because, it only supports single practice that is not good for the health of patients. At this level,
improvement can be made on the schedule of Abraham as it is essential for healthcare
practitioners to also improve thinking capability of patient as well because if this zone of patient
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