Analysis of Obesity and the Nursing Process: A Clinical Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of obesity as a complex clinical situation. It begins by defining obesity according to WHO and NHS guidelines, highlighting its nature as a disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation and its association with various health risks such as heart disease and diabetes. The report then identifies causes of obesity, including high-energy food intake, reduced physical activity, and societal changes. A key focus is the application of the nursing process theory, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, as a framework for addressing obesity. The report integrates the Gibbs reflective cycle to structure the learning experience, detailing the author's description of the situation, feelings, evaluations, and analysis. The report concludes with a call for intervention through lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, to mitigate the impact of obesity on the population.

Identify a clinical situation

Table of Contents
REFLECTION.................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

1
Obesity
Introduction Identification of issue Nursing theory used to address issue
According to National Health service, obesity is referring as the
disease that become complex in nature as per their progression
(Westerterp, 2018). In this, Obesity is defined as complex disease
which usually involve excessive amount of body fats. It is also
evaluated that obesity is not a cosmetic concern. It is referring as
medical issue that enhanced the risk of other disease and health
issue or problem (An, Ji,Yan, and Guan, 2018). The risk factor
which is arise due to obesity is heart disease, diabetes, high blood
pressure and so on. As per this, there are number of reason which is
focus on individual where obesity is outcome from inherited,
physiological and environmental factor, combined with diet and so
on (Sundholm and et. al., 2019). In the poster, the chosen issue is
obesity and it is intervening with the help of nursing model that is
nursing process theory which is also known as deliberative nursing
process theory. Moreover, these nursing theory help to define
ways which is followed with vision to reduce issue of obesity and
create level of compliance and support to patient (Berger, 2018).
According to the World Health Organisation, overweight and obesity is
well defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may help
to impair the health. Therefore, body mass index that is BMI is refer as
simple index of weight for height that is commonly used in order to
classify the overweight and obesity among adults. It is also defined as
the person which is well associated with the weight in term of Kg
which is divided by square of height in unit of meter. With reference to
technicality, the WHO also divided information of obesity such as
obesity is undertaking when BMI is greater than or equal to the 30
(Cortese, 2019).
In addition, the causes of obesity are well investigated that is
fundamental that refer as an energy imbalance between the calories and
consumed and calories expended. There are some of the data which is
shows informative aspect of causes are:
The enhanced intake of energy dense food which is usually high in fat
and sugar that increase body weight (Zabarsky and et. al., 2018).
Therefore, the other causes which is rationale that less physical activity
and enhanced sedentary nature of many form of work, changing mode
of transportation and also rapid change in standard of living and class
of people is also a cause which is lead issue of obesity (Drew, Morgan,
and Young, 2022).
Therefore, the change in the section of dietary and physical activity
pattern is often show outcome of environmental and societal change
that is associated with development and lack of supportive policies
which is refer in sector such as health, agriculture, transport, urban
planning, environment and education (Fu and et. al., 2019).
Obesity is embellishment of usual adiposity and it is showing the
dominant player which is refer as pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus,
insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis
which is high because of the secretion of adipokines. The obesity is also
referring as the major contributor to the metabolic dysfunction which is
gradually undertaking in involvement of lipid and glucose but on wider
scale. It is also influence organ dysfunction that involve cardiac, liver,
The nursing theory is well introduced by Ida Jean Orlando. The theory is
usually conducted in Yale university school of Nursing, integrating
mental health concept basic with nursing curriculum. Therefore,
deliberative nursing process is usually referring as five stage that is
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and proper evaluation.
Nurses use the proper standard in process of nursing in Orlando Nursing
process discipline theory which help to generate positive outcome or
patient.
Assessment: It is also referring as the process which show assessment
that allow service user to take assessment of their causes and impact
with help of nurses that provide path to decline issue.
Diagnosis: The diagnosis is usually taken in order to evaluate the phase
or stage of progression and useful to promote planning for medication
and management. In reference with obesity, the diagnosis is started with
weighing of weight of patient and change their diet plan and other
activities accordingly (Magdy Beshbishy and et. al., 2020).
Planning: In section of planning, it refers as the context where diagnosis
has been taken and clinical planning has been taken place that allow the
nurses to make proper plan in term of diet control and activities which is
realisable to produce burn of calories which suitable for obese people
(Rodgers, and Sferruzzi-Perri, 2021).
Implementation: The plan is usually outline for the control of obesity or
to manage the obesity. As per this, Plan may include life style change
and perform exercise. It must be implemented and proper progress is
monitor week wise.
Evaluation: The plan which is made in order to reduce the issue is well
evaluated when it is successfully implemented where the progression is
used to check whether patient is taking benefits or not in term of losing
weight (Piché, Tchernof, and Després, 2020).
Conclusion
As per above discussion, it is well concluded that the poster
represents the issue which is obesity and nursing process theory
provide detail approach to address the issue in distinct ways whole
following the process. Nursing theory have five stage where
proper assessment of issue has been taken and then diagnosis is
used to analyse in order to evaluate the phases of progression and
as per this planning is conducted which is well implemented and
evaluated for addressing of issue.

REFLECTION
Gibbs reflective cycle which is well developed by Graham Gibbs in 1998 to give structure to learning from experience. It also to
offer a wide range of framework which is well suitable in order to examine the experience and give the cyclic nature that lend itself
and provide well repeated experience with the various ways such as it consist of description of experience, feelings, evaluation,
analysis, conclusion nd action plan.
Description: In this, issue has been taken in the above is obesity. In my opinion, the obesity is referring as complex disease that
lead to chronic situation. It also proliferates number of disease that is cardiovascular disease, diabetes and so on which impact negative
on the patient health. in addition, I also evaluate that obesity that can lead to cause issue with physiology. The day to day body
function are get interrupted and condition become diseased. The configuration of information is also analysing in nursing intervention
which is taken in form of model that help to address the issue which is nursing process theory. In my viewpoint, nursing process
theory help to evaluate the condition and it start with assessment and end in evaluation which is strategic act that is well performed in
appropriate ways.
Feeling: In my term of feeling, I observe that number of people is died due to the obesity which act as precursor to originate such
disease which have mortality rate such as stroke, heart attack and other. Therefore, it is usually a normal condition where an individual
or person just get some weight but when intrinsic autopsy of obesity is analysing, it define as a promotor of various chronic situation
that lead to cause the death of population.
Evaluation: The study of obesity provides the proper evaluation of term that is well associated with causes, impact and
intervention that support future implication for the practice. As per this, the evaluation of obesity it shows proper concept and impact
of obesity in wider regions.
Analysis: As per the analysis of report, the obesity is always an issue for the number of population. As per the nursing process
theory appropriately address the issue with the help of five stage that create aspect which is well suitable for creating intervention that
is showing approach which is approachable for intervention of study.
2

Conclusion: As per the above discussion, it is well analysed that obesity show their prevalence among the various countries. In
my aspect, the issue is formulating the contrast and context that provide a range of intervention approach in which various model and
theories are well used. Among this, nursing process theory is used to address the issue of obesity.
Action plan: The action plan is referring as the interventional approach which is taken for reduction on obesity. The change is
modifiable diet plan and customise exercise plan that reduce the risk of obesity and decline impact of obesity among population.
3

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
An, R., Ji, M., Yan, H. and Guan, C., 2018. Impact of ambient air pollution on obesity: a systematic review. International journal of
obesity, 42(6), pp.1112-1126.
Berger, N.A., 2018. Young adult cancer: influence of the obesity pandemic. Obesity, 26(4), pp.641-650.
Cortese, S., 2019. The association between ADHD and obesity: intriguing, progressively more investigated, but still puzzling. Brain
sciences, 9(10), p.256.
Drew, R.J., Morgan, P.J. and Young, M.D., 2022. Mechanisms of an eHealth program targeting depression in men with overweight or
obesity: A randomised trial. Journal of affective disorders, 299, pp.309-317.
Fu, J., Han, L., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Li, M., Gao, S. and Willi, S.M., 2019. Vitamin D levels are associated with metabolic
syndrome in adolescents and young adults: The BCAMS study. Clinical nutrition, 38(5), pp.2161-2167.
Khandpur, N., Neri, D.A., Monteiro, C., Mazur, A., Frelut, M.L., Boyland, E., Weghuber, D. and Thivel, D., 2020. Ultra-processed
food consumption among the paediatric population: an overview and call to action from the European childhood obesity
group. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 76(2), pp.109-113.
Magdy Beshbishy, A., Hetta, H.F., Hussein, D.E., Saati, A.A., C Uba, C., Rivero-Perez, N., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., Shah, M.A., Behl,
T. and Batiha, G.E.S., 2020. Factors associated with increased morbidity and mortality of obese and overweight COVID-19
patients. Biology, 9(9), p.280.
Piché, M.E., Tchernof, A. and Després, J.P., 2020. Obesity phenotypes, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation
research, 126(11), pp.1477-1500.
Rodgers, A. and Sferruzzi-Perri, A.N., 2021. Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity
risk. International Journal of Obesity, 45(6), pp.1170-1192.
Sundholm, J.K., Litwin, L., Rönö, K., Koivusalo, S.B., Eriksson, J.G. and Sarkola, T., 2019. Maternal obesity and gestational
diabetes: impact on arterial wall layer thickness and stiffness in early childhood-RADIEL study six-year follow-
up. Atherosclerosis, 284, pp.237-244.
Westerterp, K.R., 2018. Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity. Obesity
Reviews, 19, pp.8-13.
Zabarsky, G., Beek, C., Hagman, E., Pierpont, B., Caprio, S. and Weiss, R., 2018. Impact of severe obesity on cardiovascular risk
factors in youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 192, pp.105-114.
4

5

6