Nursing Assignment: Research Questions and Findings

This nursing assignment provides three examples exploring evidence-based practice (EBP) projects. The first example focuses on implementing the ABCDE bundle in an ICU setting to improve patient outcomes, specifically addressing delirium, length of stay, and costs. The second example examines the impact of parental praise and criticism on children's mental health, with implications for pediatric care. The third example delves into research questions related to subsequent childbirth after a traumatic birth. Each example includes clinical questions framed within the PICO/PIO framework, along with key findings and their relevance to EBP. The assignment aims to enhance the understanding of healthcare professionals and students about how to use research findings to improve patient care and outcomes. The document offers a comprehensive overview of how to formulate research questions, analyze findings, and apply them to real-world clinical scenarios, making it a valuable resource for nursing students and professionals.

Running head: NURSING
Nursing
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author’s note

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Example 1
Answer 1:
The main aim of the research project was to implement ABCDE bundle to enhance
outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) in a rural community hospital. Thus, the central focus
of this project was quality improvement.
Answer 2:
The main clinical question asked in this project included ‘Does the implementation of the
ABCDE bundle of care versus the usual care decrease the occurrence of delirium, length of
stay (LOS), patient total hospital LOS and length of mechanical ventilation of patient and
eventually reduce the costs in the ICU settings?
The significance of the above question is that it has been developed based on the PICO
framework and the question covers all the components of the PICO framework. The
components of the question were as follows:
Population (P): ICU patients
Intervention (I): ABCDE bundle of care
Comparator (C): Usual care or no ABCDE bundle
Outcome (O): Decrease cost in the ICU (Primary outcome) evidenced by other secondary
outcomes listed in the research question
Answer 3:

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This project may have adapted problem focused trigger because delirium is a common
issue in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU which increase LOS and increase the overall
cost care (Kram et al., 2015). Hence, as the project has implemented ABCDE bundle in
response to this problem, it can be said that it is based on a problem focused trigger. It can
also be based on a knowledge focused trigger as the research outcome gives information on
how ABCDE bundle can be cost-effective in enhancing ICU patient outcomes.
Example 2
Answer 1
From the review of abstract and introduction of the article by Swenson et al. (2015), one of
the clinical questions that could be answered by this study are as follows:
What is the effectiveness of parent’s use of praise and criticism on increasing the quality of
parent-child interaction and mental health outcomes in young children seeking mental health
services?
The PIO element that has been captured in this research question are as follows:
Population (P): Young children seeking mental health services
Intervention (I): parent’s use of praise and criticism
Outcome (O): quality of parent-child interaction and mental health outcomes

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Answer 2:
The main findings reported by Swenson et al. (2015) were that parent’s praise and
criticism are powerful feedback sources that influences children’s behavior and development.
The data from the study revealed that parents overestimate their use of praise, whereas they
underestimate their use of criticism with preschool children. The evidence from this can be
used in a EBP project related to practice improvements in pediatric primary care. The
pediatric staffs can be encourages to utilize this evidence to learn more about the type of
parenting practices needed to elicit positive behavior in children. The evaluation and analysis
of the findings will help pediatric staffs to provide adequate counseling to parents and teach
them about positive skills that promote positive child behavior. Hence, the findings have
implication in improving individual knowledge related to the topic as well as improving the
practices implemented in parent training programs.
Example 3
Answer 1
The study by Beck and Watson (2010) could address the following research questions:
1. Can a subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth heal a women or
retraumatize them?
2. What is the impact of previous traumatic birth on subsequent birth in women?
3. What is the women’s experience of a subsequent pregnanct after traumatic child
birth?

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The above three research questions also have PIO or PICO elements that clarify the main
population, intervention and outcome of interest for the study. The PIO elements for each of
the research question have been listed below in a table:
Research question Population Intervention Outcome
Question 1 Women after a
previous traumatic
birth
subsequent childbirth Heal or retraumatize
Question 2 Pregnant women subsequent childbirth
after a previous
traumatic birth
Impact of the
intervention
Question 3 Women after a
previous traumatic
birth
Subsequent pregnancy Experiences
Answer 2:
The main purpose of any EBP project is to guide decision making in the context of
patient care and achieve better outcomes for a client. The findings from the study by Beck
and Watson (2010) can be used for an EBP project too. It will help to enhance skills of health
care professionals who deal with a pregnant woman with previous traumatic birth. The
finding will help them to understand how to prepare such pregnant woman for a child birth
again. This data will increase health professional’s sensitivity towards such women.

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References:
Beck, C. T., & Watson, S. (2010). Subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth. Nursing
research, 59(4), 241-249.
Kram, S. L., DiBartolo, M. C., Hinderer, K., & Jones, R. A. (2015). Implementation of the
ABCDE bundle to improve patient outcomes in the intensive care unit in a rural
community hospital. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 34(5), 250-258.
Swenson, S., Ho, G. W., Budhathoki, C., Belcher, H. M., Tucker, S., Miller, K., & Gross, D.
(2016). Parents' use of praise and criticism in a sample of young children seeking mental
health services. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 30(1), 49-56.
Swenson, S., Ho, G. W., Budhathoki, C., Belcher, H. M., Tucker, S., Miller, K., & Gross, D.
(2016). Parents' use of praise and criticism in a sample of young children seeking mental
health services. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 30(1), 49-56.