This report presents a comprehensive analysis of a nursing case study involving a 75-year-old Nepali-speaking woman (Mrs. X) admitted to the general ward with exacerbated COPD and influenza A. The case study focuses on the application of nursing standards, including critical thinking, therapeutic relationships, and maintaining the capability of practice. The nurse's actions, such as the use of an interpreter for effective communication and the decision to catheterize the patient, are examined in relation to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) standards and the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHSS). The report also addresses the importance of patient education, cultural sensitivity, and assessment in providing patient-centered care, including the management of acute urinary retention and the process of trial of voiding. The student nurse's involvement in the case, including self-education and seeking guidance from a mentor, is highlighted to demonstrate adherence to professional standards and the importance of continuous learning. The report emphasizes the need for comprehensive assessment, including monitoring vital signs and conducting relevant tests, to ensure optimal patient outcomes.