Detailed Nutrition Workbook: Analyzing Health & Dietary Needs

This assignment is a nutrition workbook that addresses various topics including childhood obesity, nutrition in adulthood, nutrition and ageing, nutrition in non-communicable diseases, and nutrition in special needs groups. It discusses the rise in childhood obesity cases worldwide and its impact on children's health, emphasizing the importance of physical activity and healthy eating habits. The workbook also includes an anthropometric assessment of an adult female, Rose, recommending dietary modifications for hypertension prevention. For elderly individuals, it highlights the significance of protein intake for maintaining muscle mass and preventing chronic diseases, providing a sample diet plan. Furthermore, it examines the health status of Jim, a middle-aged male with obesity, and the risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Finally, the assignment presents a comparative analysis of life expectancy and chronic disease statistics between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians, attributing differences to nutritional status.

Assessment 1 Part B Workbook Activities

CONTENTS
ACTIVITY 1: CHILDHOOD OBESITY..................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 2: NUTRITION IN ADULTHOOD.......................................................................1
ACTIVITY 3: NUTRITION AND AGEING............................................................................2
ACTIVITY 4: NUTRITION IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE...................................3
ACTIVITY 5: NUTRITION IN SPECIAL NEEDS GROUPS.................................................3
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................5

ACTIVITY 1: CHILDHOOD OBESITY
From the vide, it has been learned that all across the world, there has been rise in the
cases of childhood obesity and the World Health Organization is deeply concerned about this
problem. Obesity in childhood severely impacts both mental as well as physical health of
children who are overweight or obese. These types if children come across with different
types of complications such as reduction in the level of self-confidence, affected peer
associations, disordered sleep etc. (Rebholz & et.al, 2012) which finally influences their
routine school activities. further, I have also learned that these children when thy grow up
they turn into obsess adults with different issues related to health such hart disease, diabetes
and many other cardiovascular problems. As per the World Health Organization (2020),
around 38.9 million of children aged five years were obese or overweight in the year 2019. In
addition to this, it was also originated that under the age group of five, there were almost 38
million children who were overweight.
Furthermore, in the year 2016, more than three hundred and forty million children
under the age group of five to sixteen years were overheavy. Moreover, it was also originated
that the increase in the number of cases related to childhood obesity is quite high in low- and
middle-income nations. As per the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2020), from
the year amid 2017 to 2018, almost twenty four percent of the children are overweight. This
situation demands important actions to be adopted encompassing variety of sectors,
particularly those who are liable for food and beverage production, manufacturing, retail and
marketing. Childhood obesity majorly takes place because of lack of physical activities and
unhealthy eating habits (Gilbert-Diamond & et.al, 2014). However, it can also be prevented
by making sure that the mothers are in good health and have a healthy weight gain during
pregnancy. It can also be prevented by exclusive breast feeing the child from first month to
six months.
ACTIVITY 2: NUTRITION IN ADULTHOOD
a). Anthropometry is being defined as the measurement of the human individual. It
encompasses different elements such as height, weight and body circumferences for assessing
the adiposity. In the current case, Rose who is a 52 years female with weight of around 76 kg
and 5.6 feet height. Her body fat on the basis of height and weight is 27.0 which indicates
that Rose is overweight and she is required to maintain a healthy weight for preventing heart
disease (Petkeviciene & et.al, 2015).
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b).
c). For prevention of hypertension, modification in the current diet strategy is highly
suggested and thus, Rose needs to alter her diet and must adopt Mediterranean and DASH
dietary pattern should be adopted. Further, she can make use of extra virgin olive oil, nuts
and must focus on including protein, fat and carbohydrates more in her diet. With this she can
reduce weight and will prove quite effective reducing strong blood pressure (Estruch & et.al,
2013).
d). The current meal taken by Rose is not appropriate as per the diet being suggested above.
This is due to the fact that the present diet plan of Rose includes beef, lamb chop, sandwiches
and cheese which have more saturated fat and this is not good for her health.
ACTIVITY 3: NUTRITION AND AGEING
a). Protein is very much essential for the elderly people for maintaining muscle mass and
strength along with many other physiological functions. If a good protein diet is being
maintained by elder people than it will prevent onset of chronic diseases such as heart disease
and high blood pressure (Protein, 2014).
b). The recommended protein needs as per the government of Australia for men over 70 years
of age is 65 g/day (0.86 g/kg) and for women is 46 g/day (0.75 g/kg).
c). The Recommended Dietary intake (RDI) is changes in comparison with the adults due to
many factors such as poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, less physical activity and
nutrient deficiencies (Pereira da Silva & et.al., 2016).
d). The suggested diet plan which will provide sufficient protein levels to elderly people is as
follows:
Breakfas
t
Fruits, yogurt, smoothies,
vegetable omelette, banana splits
Lunch Quinoa with stir-fried vegetables,
tomato or avocado sandwich on
whole-grain bread,
Dinner Whole-wheat pasta, Chicken breast
or Roasted salmon
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e). Those people who are quite active they expend more energy level and they need to
consume more amount of protein or food. Further, older people who are active are required to
take 1.2 – 1.5 g per kg of body mass per day.
ACTIVITY 4: NUTRITION IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
a). The current health status of the Jim is not really good as he is performing a job which
involves fewer physical activities. along with this, the diet he is following every day is also
not healthy. He is consuming more amount fat, protein and saturated fats which is not at all
good for his health. Jim is a 54-year-old male in a high stress and is working in sedentary
occupation with a weight of around 113 kg and 181 cm height. His anthropometrical
measurement on the basis of height and weight is 36.8 which indicates that Jim is having
obesity and he is required to reduce huge amount of weight in order to remain healthy and
physically fit (Volpi & et.al., 2013). It is important for Jim to have a balance diet and
progressively becoming more physically active. He is also in a great need to follow a
structural commercial wight loss program. These lifestyle changes might help Jim to reduce
some weight.
b). Speaking in relation with the noncommunicable disease, it is being referred as the disease
which tends to be for longer period of time and might results due to physiological,
behavioural and environmental elements. Considering the current status of the lifestyle of
Jim, he is at risk of different kinds of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases like heart
attacks, high blood pressure and stroke, cancers, asthma and diabetes (Noncommunicable
diseases, 2021). Jim is at risk of all these diseases due to high obesity. However, there are
some risk factors which can be modified as per the case of Jim. High blood pressure,
diabetes, physical inactivity and obesity are modifiable risk factors in which risk can be
changed through making changes in his lifestyle. Jim is required to exercise regularly and
give up drinking and smoking for reducing the risk of these non-communicable diseases.
ACTIVITY 5: NUTRITION IN SPECIAL NEEDS GROUPS
Life expectancy
statistics
Chronic disease
statistics
Indigenous
Australians
Male 71.6 years 16%
Female 75.6 years 13%
Non-Indigenous
Australians
Male 80.2 years 13%
Female 83.4 years 10%
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From the above statistic, it can be inferred that the life expectancy for the indigenous
Australian male and females is lower as compared to the non-indigenous Australian males
and females. In addition to this, in relation with the Chronic disease statistics, indigenous
Australian male and females suffers from more chronic disease in comparison with the non-
indigenous Australian males and females (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018).
This reflects that the indigenous Australians suffer higher rate of mortality and poor status of
health when compared with the non-indigenous people. This mainly because of the poor
nutritional status of these groups of people. Furthermore, this mainly related with the
modification in the dietary patterns that have taken place with the evasion of European from
ingesting traditional nutrient dense and low energy foods. The two national components that
contribute to these statistics are majorly protein and vitamins & minerals. Studies have shown
that these people generally have lower intakes of protein and several other vitamins and
minerals such as calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and vitamin C (Lee & Ride, 2018).
the dietary patterns of indigenous Australian is quite higher towards flour, bread and poor-
quality meats.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018). Impact of alcohol and illicit drug use on
the burden of disease and injury in Australia. Australian Burden of Disease Study
2011. Canberra: AIHW.
Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvado, J., Covas, M.I., Corella, D., & Aros, F. (2013). Primary
prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. NEJM, 368(14), 1279–
90.
Gilbert-Diamond, D., Li, Z., Adachi-Mejia, A.M., McClure, A.C., & Sargent, J.D. (2014).
Association of a television in the bedroom with increased adiposity gain in a nationally
representative sample of children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatrician,168(5), 427-434.
Lee, A., & Ride, K. (2018). Review of nutrition among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people. Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet.
Pereira da Silva, A., Matos, A., Valente, A., Gil, Â., Alonso, I., Ribeiro, R., Bicho, M., &
Gorjão-Clara, J. (2016). Body Composition Assessment and Nutritional Status
Evaluation in Men and Women Portuguese Centenarians. Journal of Nutrition and
Health Aging, 20(3), 256.
Petkeviciene, J., Klumbiene, J., Kriaucioniene, V., Raskiliene, A., Sakyte, E., & Ceponiene,
I. (2015). Anthropometric measurements in childhood and prediction of cardiovascular
risk factors in adulthood: Kaunas cardiovascular risk cohort study. BMC Public Health,
15, 218.
Rebholz, C.M., Friedmanm E.E., Powers, L.J., Arroyave, W.D., He, J., & Kelly, T.N., 2012.
Dietary protein intake and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials. American Journal of Epidemiology, 176.
Volpi, E., Campbell, W.W., Dwyer, J.T., Johnson, M.A., Jensen, G.L., Morley, J.E., &
Wolfe, R.R. (2013). Is the Optimal Level of Protein Intake for Older Adults Greater
Than the Recommended Dietary Allowance? The Journals of Gerontology, Series A:
Biological Sciences, 68, 677–681.
Online references
Noncommunicable diseases. (2021). [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases>.
[Accessed on 22ndApril 2022].
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Protein. (2014). [Online]. Available through: <https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/protein>.
[Accessed on 22ndApril 2022].
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