Educational Program to Reduce Pregnancy Complications for Obese Women

This report presents an investigation into the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy, emphasizing the increased risks of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and other adverse outcomes. It highlights the rationale for an educational program designed to manage these challenges and improve the quality of life for pregnant women. The report explores the aim, objectives, and research questions related to reducing complications, enhancing health outcomes, and lowering miscarriage rates through educational interventions. A comprehensive literature review examines existing research on the impact of obesity on pregnancy, the effectiveness of educational programs, and strategies for managing complications. The methodology section outlines ethical considerations and recommendations for the program's implementation. The report concludes with a summary of findings and a call for further research to refine and improve these interventions.

PROTOCOL

Contents
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND...................................................................................1
Aim..............................................................................................................................................2
Objective.....................................................................................................................................2
Research questions..................................................................................................................2
Rationale....................................................................................................................................2
Statement of Intention..............................................................................................................3
Background................................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
Reduction in complications faced by obese women during pregnancy through educational
program........................................................................................................................................4
Enhance the health outcomes pregnant women face due to obesity...............................4
Reduction in miscarriages in obese women through an educational program...............5
METHOLODLOGY........................................................................................................................6
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations...........................................................................................9
Recommendation........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................14
APPENDIX 1................................................................................................................................16
APPENDIX 3................................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Compared with women with a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, women with obesity
are at increased risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, venous
thromboembolism. Obesity is one of the major problems that Lead to miscarriage.
Obese women when pregnant can also face other difficulties such as gastric problems,
diabetes. This can also lay negative impact on health outcome of child which is
developing inside womb of women. Excessive weight can also reduce the chances of
fertility in women. If this situation arrives than women can become stress or can even
face problem of depression. It has also been analysed that obese women also face
postpartum problems. Overweight women have more chances to miscarry the healthy
foetus. Obesity has become one of the biggest problems all over the world and it is also
related with adverse and chronic pregnancy outcome. It directly lays emphasis on the
reduction of quality of life of women.
It has also been analysed from the research that obesity increases the risk related
to miscarriage. This can also lead to other health related problem. One of the major
problems includes diabetes, cardiovascular problem. This can reduce the quality of life
of women making them more ill and unhealthy. It can also lay impact on physical and
mental development of child inside women womb. The pregnancy rate of obese women
is 65.2% and 80.2% rate of miscarriage in United Kingdom. It has been analysed that in
UK the loss of pregnancy before 24 week is considered as miscarriage. Research has
provided that miscarriage can also lead to severe other problem in future such as
women can face reduction in bone density that can lead to frequent fractures. It has
also been analysed that they can also go through depression and anxiety.
One of the major objectives of educational program that will be defined in this report
is to reduce complication related to pregnancy faced by obese women. In this health
care professionals will be include in providing knowledge related to managing
pregnancy effectively. They will provide them details about the early signs and
symptoms of complications which can be faced by obese women. The management
strategies related to complication in pregnancy depends upon variety of factors such as
health status and medical history of the obese women, impact of medication on obese
women, accessibility and effectiveness of health care system.
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Aim
To manage the problems and complications during pregnancy faced by obese
women through an educational program. The project also aims at improving the quality
of life by providing relieve to symptoms and promoting regular monitoring of
complications related to pregnancy faced by obese women. It assists in reducing health
complications by delivering timely intervention.
Objective
 To reduce the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy through
educational program.
 To enhance the health outcome of obese women facing problems during
pregnancy.
 To reduce the miscarriage rate in obese women through an educational program.
Research questions
 What are the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy?
 How to reduce the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy
through an educational program?
 How to enhance health outcome of obese women facing problem during
pregnancy?
 How to reduce the miscarriage rate in obese women through an educational
program?
Rationale
It has been analysed that the number of problems faced by obese pregnant
women are being rising continuously. They are significantly facing high number of
complications during the time of pregnancy resulting into adverse pregnancy outcomes
mainly miscarriage. It has also been analysed that miscarriage rate among obese
women 25% in four week. The highest risk of miscarriage that can be faced by obese
women is between 0-6 weeks (Uyl and et.al., 2019). It has been analysed that obese
women can go through miscarriage during the initial weeks of pregnancy without even
them realising of being pregnant. There are various types of complications that can be
faced by obese women such as they can go through problem of asthma. Other major
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problem that can be faced by them includes infection in wound. They can also face
problem in initiating breastfeeding. This can lay adverse impact on development abilities
of child (Patel and et.al., 2018). The major reason of this study is to reduce the amount
of complications faced by providing them knowledge and education related to effective
management of pregnancy. This can assist health care professionals in reducing the
rate of miscarriage in over-weight pregnant women. They will also try to reduce the risk
related to other health related problem in obese women.
Statement of Intention
The purpose of this report is to enhance obese women awareness through an
educational program so that they do not faced any complications related to pregnancy.
In these health care professionals will make use of various management strategies so
that risk related to health problems of pregnant women can be reduced. They will be
engaged in improving quality of life of pregnant obese women through educational
program. They will be involved in making them aware about early signs and symptoms
of complications faced by obese women (Egan and et.al., 2017).
Background
The aim of the study is to reduce the complications faced by overweight women
during the time of pregnancy by means of an educational program. There are various
types of complications and problems that are being faced by pregnant women who are
obese. It has been analyzed that they can face health complications such as diabetes,
cardio vascular problem, asthma, wound infection or they can even face problem during
the time of breast feeding (McDonald and et.al., 019). It has also been analyzed that
other major problem that can be faced by overweight women in pregnancy includes
induce labor, caesarean sections. All this can lay severe negative impact on health
outcome of obese women and also can lay adverse impact on development of child. It
has been analyzed that all these type of complications cam be reduced by health care
professionals to motivate women to participate in various type of multimodal activities
and providing education on same.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Reduction in complications faced by obese women during pregnancy through educational
program.
As per the view of the Yasir and Al., (2016), Obese pregnant women are at increased
risk for an array of maternal and perinatal complications, and the risks are amplified with
increasing degrees of maternal obesity which have be estimated with the issues such
as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth. On the
other hand, the Grotenfelt and et.al., (2019) contradict that obstetric provider should
create more level of awareness regarding their risk and modification of the care of
patient before the time of pregnancy, during the time period or there postpartum in order
to gave reduction in adverse level of outcomes. In addition to that obesity related
pregnancy have the increase in level complication regarding the greater degree if
obesity in order to have support in pathogenies of these adverse outcomes.
According to the views, Maternal obesity may affect long-term offspring outcomes as a
result of epigenetic changes induced by fatal exposure to increased levels of glucose,
insulin, lipids, and inflammatory cytokines. As per the education programmes, clinical
providers will have the providence of education which have the offering of the nutritional
counselling by enlisting with the help of dietitian or behavioural health outcomes to
ensures the setting up of individual diet recommendations. On the other hand, the Mani
and et.al., (2018) contradict that’s there are no clear level of supervisorial diet for the
pregnant patient who are obese by common recommendation of diet which are low
glycaemic load diet and a Mediterranean diet. Tools such as food diaries and
pedometers may also help patients achieve successful weight management. Physicians
should encourage a gradual increase in physical activity up to a goal of 30 minutes of
moderate-intensity exercise daily.
Enhance the health outcomes pregnant women face due to obesity.
As per the view of Hanson, M and et.al., (2017), obesity during the pregnancy is the
clearly have the association with the risk which is being associated with more level of
negative outcomes which have the clear inclusion of there heart disease and
hypertension. Children have a risk of future obesity and heart disease. Women and their
offspring are at increased risk for diabetes. On the other hand , the Yunus, (2017)
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constrict that’s there is more level of Economic, technologic, and lifestyle changes have
created an abundance of cheap, high-calorie food coupled with decreased required
physical activity which have impacted the over all health of women which creates more
level of negative impacts on the future and upcoming generation. In addition to that’s
there are various types of complications and problems that are being faced by pregnant
women who are obese. It has been analysed that they can face health complications
such as diabetes, cardio vascular problem, asthma, wound infection or they can even
face problem during the time of breast feeding.
As per the view of the Allet, and et.al., (2017), the more level of proportion of the poor
level of health outcomes have become the major level of attribution in the excessive
wight as the sterility there increase of pregnancy is there. Ina addition to that’s there the
author supported the systems as to have reduction of the maternal level of risk of
obesity in pregnant women gave failed. so the development of more educational
programmes have the need to produces more presentational strategies. There are
sentiments frame the nutritionists and obstetricians is that the greatest impact on
adverse outcomes will occur if women lose weight before, they get pregnant. On the
other hand, the Mani, H and et.al., (2018) contradict that’s their pregnant women gain
weight along with more level of issues which can be such as caesarean sections,
prematurity, gestational diabetes, stillbirths, foetal abnormality, pre-eclampsia and foetal
macrosomia. So, the author also supported as pre conception is health key which can
be an element to reduce their risk of maternal obesity by instituting more level of risk
like exercises and significant level of dietary challenges.
Reduction in miscarriages in obese women through an educational program.
As per the view of the Grotenfelt and et.al., (2019), in order to have the reverse if the
obesity epidemic, there is ended to have their development of more educational
programmes which is helpful in focusing and supporting the healthy habits along worse
chance of significant change in varsity of setting. In addition to theta education
programmes will be sufficient to gave the maximized level of leading which is related to
the early education care relating to penguinesque a, during and post situation. on the
other hand, the Yasir and Al., (2016)
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constrict the statement as obesity perennation projects as identifying nutritional needs;
developing new foods to help achieve caloric balance; providing nutrition education;
conducting behavioural research; and planning, conducting, and evaluating dietary
interventions. In addition to that the the Mani and et.al., (2018) stated as the risk of
more level of miscarriages is to be found as the 38.1% in obese women, whereas this
rate was 13.3% in patients with a normal BMI. The women who are over weight and
obese have the higher level of risk for the reproductive health which also include thee
subfecundity and infertility conception rates, miscarriage rates, and pregnancy
complications are increased in these women. Hence, educational program will be
defined to reduce complication related to pregnancy faced by obese women. In this
health care professionals will be including in providing knowledge related to managing
pregnancy effectively. They will provide them details about the early signs and
symptoms of complications which can be faced by obese women.
In the research more level of data confidentiality is been maintained under all the
respective requirements of there data protections act 1988. This have the clear way of
inveiglements of the creation of coded data where the participant’s identifying
information is replaced by an unrelated sequence of characters. In addition to that’s
there the author supported the systems as to have reduction of the maternal level of risk
of obesity in pregnant women gave failed. so, the development of more educational
programmes has the need to produces more presentational strategies. The data
collected will be transferred to health care professionals so that better decision will be
taken by them. This will assist the researchers in making better decisions and helping
out those who in need. The data will be collected significantly on aims and objectives
that have been designed for the study.
METHOLODLOGY
Data collection method: There are two type of data collection method that has been
used in order to collect the data related to subject matter. Primary data collection
method is basically gathering raw information related to topic. In this the data which has
been gathered are not in processed form. This type of data collection method requires
large amount of time to collect it. It can also require high amount of cost. For the preset
study in-depth interview, observation and focus group method of collecting and
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gathering data has been used. Health care professionals will be engaged in observing
the increase in Body mass index of pregnant women (Vinter and et.al., 2018). They will
also be involved in observing the various complications that has been faced by obese
pregnant women. Observation will allow and enable health care professional in gaining
ultimate solution to the problems. This will really be necessary in resolving out the
problems that has been faced by them. The other method of data collection which can
be used by health care professional includes in-depth interview. Health care
professionals will be conducting interview in person. They will be engaged in asking
questions related to issues that have been faced by obese pregnant women. The other
method of data collection will be focus group. It will be lead by health care
professionals. They will note all information related to complications faced by females
during pregnancy and will engage in finding solution related to it.
Data analysis: It means analysing and interpreting the data that has been collected so
that useful information can be obtained and better decisions can be made. It assists in
taking better decision. Present report has taken interpretivism has the method for
analysing the data. This type of analysis method is mainly used to conduct the
qualitative study. It will help researchers in having an in-depth knowledge about the
subject matter. This is really necessary for getting on to the end result related to subject
matter. The data collected will be transferred to health care professionals so that better
decision will be taken by them (Wang and et.al., 2017). This will assist the researchers
in making better decisions and helping out those who in need. The data will be collected
significantly on aims and objectives that have been designed for the study. This will
assist the health care professionals in making better decision so that health outcome
can be improved.
Study setting: In this various type of activities will take place in order to collect the data
and to have solution related to problems. It is a type of multi centre strategy. In this the
trials that are being conducted will be approved by other Ethic committee. They will
ensure that whether the data collected by researchers is gathered by making use of
ethical code of conduct or not. The various types of activities that has been required
includes identifying of health care professionals that will be engaged in conducting of
study. This will assist them in taking better decisions (Gomez-Arango and et.al., 2018).
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Sampling: This will be done in order to analyse and interpret the characteristic of whole
population or sample. It will include inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the present
research the study population was taken from the maternal data base [body mass index
(BMI) >30 kg/m 2 ] women were compared with an age‐matched control group with
normal BMI (19–24.9 kg/m 2 ). The age of the women that was basically included in the
study was Between 25-45 (Syngelaki and et.al., 2016). It was analysed that in this
study only primparous women was taken for the study. This is because so that no
further complication is been faced during the time of collection of data.
It was analysed from the study that risk of miss-carriage among obese women is
more than those with normal women. Women taken for the test belongs to United
Kingdom. There clinical condition was that they were obese or over weight. This will
help in identifying the rate of complications that has been faced by obese women during
the time of pregnancy. The exclusion criteria for present study includes that no women
more than the age of 45 was been taken for study. It has also been analysed that the
main focus of study was on pregnant women. Also the women who were pregnant
outside United Kingdom were not taken for further study. All these aspects were taken
so that end results related to research can be identified. This were the exclusion criteria
that has been taken to conduct the present study.
The size of sample that has been taken in order to conduct the study was 25 obese
pregnant women and also 25 normal women. This was done in order to compare the
complications related to health faced by them. It has been analysed from the study that
that the rate of miscarriage in obese women is higher than normal. The method of
collecting data was through observation, focus group and in-depth interview. This has
assisted researchers in taking better decisions. It will also help them in reaching out the
end results which is really necessary for the project to be a success. The sample was
been collected by making use of simple random technique. This method was being
used so that no biasness exists when the research is being conducted. In this obese
pregnant women and normal women is been selected without any biasness with the
help of simple random sampling. It has been analysed that sample was being identified
and recruited through public identification centre. It was really useful for making the
women participate in this project. It has assisted researchers in analysing the
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complications that has been faced by pregnant obese women. It was also analysed that
some women was also being selected by making use of posters, and leaflets. It was
really easy to collect the sample by making use of these methods. It was also analysed
that simple random sampling was being used so that risk and complication related to
participants can be analysed. The participants which has been selected there consent
was been taken prior to study. It was analysed that they were firstly been explained
about the nature of study. Women were also making aware about the type of benefits
that will be gained by them through participating in this study. It was also being
analysed that legal consent was been taken from the women who are going to take part
in this project. Researchers made sure that their belief, value and thoughts are not been
hampered when they have been participating in study. This will help them in making
project a success.
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations
Ethical, regulatory considerations have been then the evaluation of techniques and
respective devices which have the counter usage of the intelligence inevitably the rights
of human subjects. The researcher has the requirement of their following various ethical
and the regulator level of guidelines that is needed to have the dependence of details of
the research. The research on the aim of the to reduce the difficulties of overweight
women face during pregnancy childbirth through educational programme have been
conducted with having clear level of accordance in the research and human
participants by having the national rules and regulations which are more to way
related to their research with human participants as the informed level of consent and
level of confidentiality (Hanson and et.al., 2017). The study was approved by the
Committee of Ethics in Research at the NHS along with inclusion of ethical
considerations but have been mot restricted to maintain confidentiality, with
questionnaires being anonymous. Consideration will also be made regarding the NHS
trusts in which the apprentices are employed. Student will have the right to withdraw
from the research project at any time.
As considered o be the part of sample For the present research the study
population was taken from the maternal data base [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m 2 ]
women were compared with an age‐matched control group with normal BMI (19–24.9
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kg/m 2 ). The age of the women that was basically included in the study was Between
25-45.
In order to have the encouragements there is the clear level of demonstration on
the importance of research highlighting the importance of keeping participants informed
in order to have the increase their compliance and concordance theoretically reducing
the risk of withdrawal, however, any student selected can withdraw at any time. Next to
that’s there ethical level of work environments have the support to nurses in order to
have the progress and development by paying more level of mortalities in the process
of recruitment along with teaching distinctive level of ethical also for leaders by having
the systematic and objective level of approach in order to have assessing the morality
in environment.
In addition to that’s their ethical climates have their les to make positive
environments along with effective outcomes which is leaders to positive impacts for the
respective patients as well as nurse to have leaders-and professional progress and
development of the nursing profession. This will help in identifying the rate of
complications that has been faced by obese women during the time of pregnancy.
As per the research it has been identified that’s their pioneering leadership is
considered to be an important aspect of ethical leaderships or the nursing people
should not be only moral (Yunus, 2017). In order to that there should have the
proceeding by step by step to have further promotion of activity in way of moral
behaviour along with role of mentor and model as well as having professional level of
insights. In addition to that’s there nursing leaders to have better understanding these
respective aspects to have development of capacity in considering all the aspects of
activities.
As per the respective background of the research Compared with women with a
healthy pre-pregnancy weight, women with obesity are at increased risk of miscarriage,
gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, venous thromboembolism. Obesity is one of the
major problems that lead to miscarriage.
On the other hand, there were the some of the cases which required more level of
special consideration which is not considered to be feasible for the study participants
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