Obesity: Anatomy, Physiology, Health & Social Care Practice Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of obesity, beginning with an introduction to physiology and its relevance to understanding obesity. It delves into the anatomy of obesity, explaining how excess calorie intake leads to fat accumulation and how BMI and waist circumference are used to measure obesity. The report also explores the physiology of obesity, focusing on energy balance, genetic predispositions, and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, it outlines health and lifestyle routine measures, such as diet and exercise, to combat obesity and discusses health and social care practices, including the UK government's "Better Health Campaign." The report concludes with recommendations for improving healthcare conditions related to obesity in the UK, emphasizing dietary changes, increased physical activity, stress reduction, and limitations on unhealthy foods. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a range of study tools and resources for students.

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Topic: Obesity
1.Introduction
Physiology is defined as the scientific study of functions and mechanisms which are
there in the living system (Dammhahn and et.al., 2018).
Thus, the report will analyse the anatomy and physiology of obesity and what factors
address to the effects and anatomy of an individual suffering from obesity. Further, it will
also be analysed that what are the health and social care practice in serving the community
and individuals with providing the measures as to how the obesity can be controlled at large
scale. The Better Health Campaign will also be framed and taken into practice by the
government so that the community and individuals are taking care of how effectively and in
appropriate manner the awareness can be created for removing the risk from obesity.
Moreover, recommendations will also be provided which will help in analysing the aspects as
to how the individuals and communities can get rid of obesity health care problem and issue.
2. Anatomy and Physiology
Obesity is defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that presents the risk to
health. Obesity results due to the intake of more calories than burned out by normal daily
activities and exercising patterns.
The anatomy of obesity is described as – The obesity is a health condition which is
determined by the height as described as what is normal body weight for the height. If the
body is overweight or obese, then the body feels the overweight and the stress from the
lifestyle problems and diseases which are occurred due to the obesity problem. When the
energy that is produced from the body is too much for what is being needed for the daily
activities it is being stored and this converts into fat accumulation in the body (Umbrello,
Fumagalli and et.al., 2019). The extra fat is stored within the body at different places such as
muscles, under the skin and liver. With the help of BMI (Body Mass Index) it is easy to
measure that the body is either overweight or obese. The BMI is calculated by taking the
measure of the body weight which is described as – calculation which is taking the weight in
kilograms and dividing it by height squared. BMI gives an indication of the body weight
respective to the height which is being calculated. For example – if the weight is 45 kg and

height is 1.54 m then the BMI is calculated as 60 which is divided by 1.54 x 1.54 which is
25.29. The BMI 18 to 25 is considered as normal, below 18 is underweight, 20 to 30 is
overweight. 30 to 40 obese and over 40 is severely obese.
Further the anatomy also indicates that the weight circumference also helps in indicating
whether the body is obese or not (Angeles and et.al., 2019). There are other more
sophisticated ways of measuring body fat such as Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA), air
displacement and DEXA scans. Further, obesity is related with the other number of diseases
such as high blood pressure, heart diseases, cancer fatty liver, kidney diseases etc. To avoid
obesity, the plant based foods should be intake which are of organic, fresh, high fibre and
nutritious.
Physiology of Obesity – The energy balance is achieved by energy intake and energy
expenditure as the main mechanisms. Calorie is the calorie which is made equal and is
considered as how the changes are being framed at large scale. The early origins of disease
hypothesis suggest that the obesity is developed in offspring to metabolic hardship. The
molecular mechanisms are responsible for early life metabolic programming modification
which is observed in the genes through histone modifications, methylation, chromatin
remodeling, noncoding RNA alterations etc (Muscogiuri and et.al., 2021). There is risk of
obesity which can be transferrable to the future generations. The new study suggests that
there has been a genetic predisposition for obesity for more than 140 genetic chromosomal
regions related to obesity which are linked in the body. The expressions of gene are related to
BMI and general adiposity which is enriched in the central nervous system. There are a few
genes with a large size of BMI that have been identified and are related to the obesity.
3. Health and Lifestyle routine measures
Obesity is such a health condition which increases and accumulates the body fat within
the body and through this, there are arousal of many diseases which are linked to it. It is very
important that proper health and lifestyle measures within the routine should be taken care of
so that there are aspects as to how the obesity can be removed from the body (Xenaki,
Bacopoulou and et.al., 2018). It is also essential to follow certain lifestyle measures and
routine practices which creates value for life and the person does not fall into the category of
being obese. To analyse and to recommend, there are some routine health and lifestyle
measures which are to be taken into consideration at large scale and these are mentioned as
below –

 Consumption of less bad fat and more of the good fat should be consumed.
 Eating of more serving, vegetables and fruits should be intake.
 Eating of plenty of fibre which is healthy and is helping the body to retain more health
aspects at large scale.
 Engagement in regular aerobic activity helps in addressing to more of the aspects of
how the body can be kept active by doing and performing the exercises at regular
intervals (Semlitsch, Stigler and et.al., 2019).
 Eating and focusing on low – glycemic index food helps in addressing the important
aspects of how the body needs to remove the fat from it and improve the health
condition which is obesity.
 Consumption of less sugary and processed food should be intake within the body so
as to avoid any harm which the body might face resulting to obesity.
These are some of the aspects and important information which is being gathered for the
important functioning as to how the body is responding to the important measures which are
to be undertaken for prevention from the obesity due to which the individuals are suffering.
The individuals suffer from the weight problems which takes the hefty role on the mind and
body of individuals at large scale (Bates, Buscemi and et.al., 2018). The individuals also
suffer from heart diseases, cancer and diabetes. To avoid these problems and issues regarding
health when an individual is obese, there are aspects as to how the routine changes are to be
managed such that the body is keeping the healthy lifestyle and is solving the issue which are
related to obesity which the body of individual is facing at large scale.
Balanced diet and exercise are the major points of how the body is to be made
protected by the negative effects of not being obese and accumulation of body fat is also not
done. There are aspects as to how the body should be prevented from any unhealthy food
intake so that there are no aspects of failure in the body to the person suffering from obesity
(Dalrymple, Martyni‐Orenowicz and et.al., 2018). The health condition which is obesity is
also considered at large scale and this helps in addressing that healthy food and exercising
regularly should be the goal and objective for an individual such that the body is not facing
any issue and problem while living a routine life. The measures which are mentioned above
should be taken into consideration as to how the routine life is managed effectively.

4. Health and Social Care practice
The health and social care practice, policy which enables the information and
measurements which inform care planning for the individuals or communities is addressed in
context of body of individual being obese. The health care practices and policies should be
followed which helps in knowing that how effectively and in appropriate manner the obesity
is affecting the human body and how the care is to be provided to the individuals (Ray,
Sniehotta and et.al., 2022). The health care practices and policies for obesity are – There are
some major actions which are taken by the government of UK to tackle obesity and help the
individual and communities live healthier lives. It is the start of the government’s effort
towards keeping the pace with removing the effects of obesity. The government is more
focused on prevention from the obesity at large scale by making the public aware from its
harmfulness and ill effects which are caused due to obesity in the body.
The care planning of the individuals is being done by keeping in consideration the
health of individuals and communities at large scale within UK (Wilfley, Hayes and et.al.,
2018). There are certain campaigns and health education is provided to the individuals which
helps in addressing the effects as to how the care planning is being done regarding the health
condition obesity. Obesity has been the major health condition in UK and is affecting the
lives of individuals and communities therefore, planning structure has been framed by
government which addresses to provide health education and exposure of campaigns so that
individuals are aware about their health.
The government of UK has planned and framed the anti – obesity campaign which is
named as “Better Health Campaign”. This is the campaign which will be focusing on the
role of doctors as they will be encouraged as they will be encouraged to issue cycling
prescriptions to overweight patients. The government is bringing more segregated cycling
lanes and is showing the ban on the food which is junk and is unhealthy in nature to be
consumed. And also, end the “buy one get one free” deals such junk and unhealthy food
(Smith, Fu and et.al., 2020). The restaurants in UK will also have to publish the number of
calories in the meals which are being served to the public. Obesity is thus being inflicted in
the public to solve the purpose of how effectively and in appropriate manner the changes are
being done in the care planning of the individuals and communities.
Health education is also provided to the individuals and communities so that they are
able to take care of themselves and follow healthy diet which helps them not to fall into the

category of being obese (Anekwe, Jarrell and et.al., 2020). Obesity is to be prevented and
removed from the life of individuals and the community which is holding it. The health
education which is provided to the public at large scale which are addressed within the
communities and individuals’ intake the education of staying fit and healthy in their routine
life in a significant manner. This is how the education in keeping the body healthy and safely
following the dietary plans along with taking care of health are addressed at large scale.
5. Recommendations
There are certain recommendations which should be taken into consideration so that
people living in UK are provided with proper healthcare conditions at large scale. These
recommendations are described as follows –
 Obesity should be removed with the help of having following the proper dietary and
exercise which should be taken into consideration and worked upon effectively and in
appropriate manner (Ryan and Kahan, 2018).
 Increase in the physical activity should be more so that the body is not constantly in
one position.
 The sleep cycle of individuals should be improved which will reduce the risk of
falling into the obese situation.
 It is very important to reduce the stress which causes anxiety and results into more
eating making an individual obese (Lobstein and Brownell, 2021).
 Limitations should be put on the unhealthy foods which helps in removing the
obesity.
Therefore, eating healthy food and taking proper dietary measures are the best concerns
which results in the effectiveness of health and removal of obesity.
6. Conclusion
Thus, it is concluded from the report that anatomy and physiology of obesity helped
in drawing the conclusion that what are the factors which are addressing to the effects and
anatomy of an individual suffering from obesity. Further, it was also analysed that what are
the health and social care practice which were drawn upon and were addressed as
effectiveness of serving the community and individuals with providing the measures as to
how the obesity can be controlled at large scale. The Better Health Campaign was also being
framed and taken into practice by the government so that the community and individuals are

taking care of how effectively and in appropriate manner the awareness can be created for
removing the risk from obesity. Moreover, recommendations were also provided which
helped in analysing the aspects as to how the individuals and communities can get rid of
obesity health care problem and issue.
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