Critical Evaluation of Obesity and Dietary Intervention in UK Adults

This report critically evaluates the health impact of obesity on adults in the United Kingdom, examining the increasing prevalence and associated health risks, such as cardiovascular diseases. It explores the use of the "Health Belief Model" to understand and modify behaviors, analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data from secondary sources like online articles and journals. The research delves into the current statistics, risk factors, and the government's initiatives to control obesity, including measures to regulate sugar levels and promote healthy eating habits. The report discusses the significance of dietary interventions as a preventive measure and analyzes potential factors contributing to obesity, offering insights into how to mitigate the issue and improve public health strategies. It also includes a review of literature, methodology, data analysis, and recommendations for future research and policy changes to effectively combat obesity in the UK.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF HEALTH IMPACT DUE TO OBESITY IN UK ADULTS
AND ADOPTION OF DIETARY INTERVENTION AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE

Acknowledgement
I keen to show my gratitude to concerned faculties of my department for giving me a chance to
do research on this major topic. On other hand, continuous encouragement and gratitude of my
team leader also help me to reach every important aspect of this project utterly. I also show my
gratefulness to my departmental head for allowing me to continue with this project. I also want
to thank the other involved person who helped me to complete this research performance by
providing appropriate information, their suggestion, support and motivation during the research
process. At the end, I also wish to thank my friends and family members who have provided
their assistance indirectly or directly for completing my research work successfully.
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Abstract
Introduction
The problem of obesity is increasing very much day after day and has become an area of concern
for the country. Obesity is increasing due to both internal and external factors. The surrounding
environment and lifestyle of an individual plays an important role in increasing the rate of
obesity. This paper analyses the use of “Health Belief Model” to overcome obesity by
understanding the behavior of people and changing their lifestyle.
Methods
There are two primary components of the methodology of the research: the quantitative data
analysis process and the qualitative data analysis process. Here the primary focus point will be
on the research onion and the research design, which will help to understand the proper
methodology of this research. There will also be a discussion of the research philosophy,
research ethics, and limitations of this particular research. The discussion about the research
methods and data collecting method will take place with the help of a sampling method that will
help this research paper to fulfill its purpose. There are several research approaches, but here the
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approach that will be used is Interpretivisim” for this research topic obesity in the people of the
UK. Secondary data analysis is a unique method of analyzing the data in a secondary method
which is based on the internet surveys and the information which are available on the internet. In
this research the researcher has used the qualitative data analyzing method and all this
information and data are collected from the secondary sources. These all are associated primarily
with the emotion of the researcher and feelings about the color, sound and the other elements
which are non-quantifiable
Results
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In this section the primary focus point will be on the data analysis and the findings and analysis,
where the data analysis process will be dependent on the secondary data analysis process where
the complete process of data analysis will be based on the online articles and the journals from
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rate of obesity is increasing with passing time due to improper lifestyle and diet
structure.
It has been found that obesity is a condition that can pose various health complications if
it is not addressed effectively. the condition is usually self-treatable and can also be
treated with the help of a professional.
Conclusion
The public health strategy needs to be reviewed to understand that the strategies are
implemented properly or not. The result of the policy can help to reduce the increasing rate of
obesity in the UK but this will require proper gathering of data and the implemented process
should be executed with concern of solving all the problems associated with obesity.
Government measures and policies and the changes based on the data collected can help to
control the issues and risk obesity. Different tactics and techniques can be used to make people
concerned about this problem. The standard of all the policies need to be upgraded and then
implemented to get the desired result.
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the secondary source of the internet. This process of data analysis will focus on the qualitative
data analytical process to complete the overall process of data
analysis.
Discussion
Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are quite natural symptoms that often occur in adults, these
symptoms are often in children’s too. The relearn or cause of obesity is uncertain or
unpredictable in several cases. This particular disease or syndrome is associated with low
secretion of chronic inflammation; at this its status is affected by an innate immune system that
affects the health condition. The causes of obesity that prevalence and is relevant for programs
on public health which focuses on prevention and reduction of obesity. Most of the countries the

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 7
1.1. Introduction 7
1.2. Background 7
1.3. Research Rationale 9
1.4. Research Aim 9
1.5. Research Questions 10
1.6. Significance of the Research 10
Chapter 2: Literature Review 12
2.1. Introduction 12
2.2. Conceptual Framework 13
2.3. Theories and Models 14
2.4. Research Factors 15
2.5. Research Challenges 16
2.6. Conclusion 16
Chapter 3: Methodology 17
3.1. Introduction 17
3.2. Research Onion 17
3.3. Research Approach 18
3.4. Research Design 18
3.5. Research Philosophy 18
3.6. Research Method 19
3.7. Process of Data Collection 19
3.8. Sampling Method 20
3.9. Time Frame 21
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3.10. Conclusion 21
Chapter 4: Data Analysis 22
4.1. Introduction 22
4.2. Findings and Analysis 22
4.2.1 Empirical studies 22
4.3. Recommendation 27
4.4. Conclusion 28
Chapter 5: Discussion 29
5.1. Introduction 29
5.2. Discussion 29
5.3. Research Limitation 30
5.4. Conclusion 30
Chapter 6: Conclusion 31
6.1. Introduction 31
6.2. Future Scope 31
6.3. Conclusion 31
Reference list 33
Appendices 41
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Introduction
Obesity is health condition which results from the intake of excessive calories that are burned
through exercise daily. This can lead to an increase in the risks to the health of individuals and
impact the lifestyle as well. In this research paper, the primary focus point will be the Obesity
and its effects toward the people of UK and adaptation of a dietary intervention that will help
them to prevent the dangerous side of the Obesity. There will also be a discussion about this
specific issue in light of the literature review from the existing literature and the analysis of the
data to establish a strong position regarding this research topic. There will also be a critical
evaluation of Obesity and its impact on human health, especially to the people of the UK and the
way to get rid of this situation.
1.2. Background
Obesity is defined as excessive fat that causes a health risk, the body should contain 25 BMI
(Body Mass Index), and when it's over 25, then it is considered as overweight, and 30 is
excessive and is called obese. According to the "Global Burden of Disease", this issue became
an epidemic, where more than 4 million people die every year due to Obesity. The rate of
Obesity is increasing day by day, and it continues to be seen in children and adults (Dekkers et
al. 2019). Obesity is one of malnutrition's double burden, and most of the people are becoming
obese except for the region of Asia and Africa. Obesity is increasing in the area of high-income
countries and middle-income countries. Most of the children and adults are from developing
countries where the increasing rate has been more than 30% than the developed countries.
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Figure1: Obesity Statistics in the UK
(Source:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/image_data
/file/98700/NCMP_201819_Graph.png)
In this above graph the statistics has given about the most deprived and the least deprived in the
United Kingdom. This graph says that the obesity rate is high where the adults are most deprived
and the obesity rate is low where the adults are least deprived. Obesity is a medical condition
that can be serious for the human body as it brings complications in the body with several
aspects like high blood pressure, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, sleeping disorders, cancers,
and other illnesses. Obesity can develop several issues in the body that can be harmful to a
person; it mostly affects every part of the body, including blood vessels, bones, joints, liver,
heart, brain, and all. Three are so many people who blame individuals for developing Obesity
and some people who blame parents, groceries, and restaurants for this, though it is an act of
individuals (Burgoine et al. 2017). The government of UK is taking several steps to reduce the
obesity rate within the children, the governments decided and taken the step of controlling the
sugar level in the drinks and food and encouraging the school going children to have healthy
food that is made in the home instead of having junk food like cakes, pastries, patties, etc
[Referred to Appendix 4].
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1.3. Research Rationale
The growing scenario of Obesity is one of the serious issues which is related to health. A present
with the highest obesity level is a threat to the future because this rate is growing day by day.
This research topic refers to a specific issue of Obesity to see the clinical impact of Obesity on
humans' bodies. Different age groups are affected through Obesity, the adults those who are over
18 years for them obesity prevalence is 41.2%, the group of people those who are between 18 to
24 years age for them the obesity prevalence is 22.4% and its highest among the adult's age
group of 45 and 74 (Farmer et al. 2019). This age is increasing as the age is getting to a higher
level.
The issue itself can be a solution by controlling having excessive food. Obesity is the primary
effect of consuming too much energy as a food with high calories and fat, which needs to be
burned through the workout and physical exercise. To get rid of that situation, there needs to be
the prevention of the Process of consuming excessive foods. Obesity is the primary effect of
eating in an excessive manner and very few workouts; the main reason for Obesity is eating too
much energy and no scope of use of that energy (Upadhyay et al. 2018). If someone consumes a
tremendous amount of energy with fat and sugars and does not burn calories throughout the
exercise or other physical activity, then the surplus energy is stored in the body as body fat,
which leads someone towards Obesity.
1.4. Research Aim
From the above research topic, this research aims to analyze the situation of Obesity to
demonstrate the conditions of the people of the UK. According to the rationale of the research,
this study will help to bring out those major vital elements which will help to prevent the issue of
Obesity and the way to get rid of this situation where it is a threat to human life. Through this
research, the people of the UK will understand the risk factor of this issue, which will affect the
whole system of humans and the illness related to this issue of Obesity (Tomiyama, 2019). The
aim of the research is to determine the knowledge about the statistics regarding Obesity among
the UK people. This research will also help to see the potential factors related to the factor of
Obesity and to derive the ways to move out of the situation of Obesity.
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1.5. Research Questions
There are several research questions which are directly connected to the issue of Obesity in the
people of the UK (Ortega et al. 2016). These questions are
● What are the major risk threats of obesity among UK adults?
● Why do people need to educate about the amount of nutrition and calories are required
for them to intake to control obesity?
● Why do departmental stores need to keep organic and healthy food in their stores and its
benefit if it is far from the home of adults?
● How can this obesity issue be overcome with the proper preventive measurements?
1.6. Significance of the Research
The significance of this research is to have a proper understanding of the significant issues of
Obesity and how it's affecting the people of the UK to know the situation of the UK adults and
their physical changes due to the obesity issue. There are several signs of this research which can
be discussed here. The UK is one of the highlighted countries that can be explained for the issue
of Obesity (Hales et al. 2020). The health survey for the country of England says that 28.7% of
adults are obese, and 35.6% are overweight that can be obese in the days to come. This survey
also refers to the ratio of males and females in the light of Obesity; it says 67.2% of men and
61.5% of women are overweight in the present and obese in the future (Braya et al. 2019). These
statistics say that there is a competition of the gaining obese between men and women; no one is
letting their space to each other; everyone is gaining weight and acquiring Obesity.
This research is based on the research topic of obese in the people of the UK; this will focus on
the primary aspects of the issue and find out the main reason who is responsible for this specific
issue, to stop the spread of this illness and the way to get rid of this situation. This research paper
will help to handle the issue by knowing the reasons and consequences related to this issue of
Obesity (Smith et al. 2019). This will also help to handle the illness which can occur with this
specific health issue; moreover, this research will help the UK society to prevent this issue in the
people of its country and to take an intervention through the adaptation of dietary intervention.
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Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1. Introduction
In this research the analysis to find the problem of obesity needs to be cleared by seeing the
various views of the researcher and the government to promote a health improvement program to
ensure healthy life. Obesity is gaining the area of concern by many and is need to be focused to
ensure that the people are leading healthy lives. In this regard many researchers had shared the
review on obesity. “Health Belief Model” is focused with the concern to understand the role
played by human behavior to increase or decrease the rate of obesity. Human behavior is related
to obesity as it focuses on the way they lead their life and need to make necessary changes to
improve their lifestyle. The theory of Health Belief Model is discussed below to show the reason
for obesity. It is seen that obesity is a problem seen in every age group from the health of child to
adult. Obesity is a national issue for the United Kingdom and this is an important issue because
it is an issue of health in the United Kingdom which is affecting the future of the United
Kingdom. Adults are the future of the nation, if they are not strong enough then the future will
be in danger, to protect the future there is a need to analyze this serious issue.
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2.2. Conceptual Framework
Figure 3: Conceptual framework
(Source: Self Created)
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