Annotated Bibliography: Obesity and Increased Heart Attack Risk

This annotated bibliography explores the relationship between obesity and the increased risk of heart attacks in developed countries. It compiles peer-reviewed sources that examine the impact of obesity on cardiovascular health. The bibliography includes studies analyzing the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and the impact of obesity on women's health. Sources such as Xiao-Xu Xie et al., Teo & Dokainish, Suzette E. Elias-Smale et al., Mehta et al., and Lauren A. Baldassarre et al., are analyzed, covering topics like the global burden of disease, emerging trends in cardiovascular risk factors, and the distinct patterns of ischemic heart disease in women. The studies compare developed and developing countries, highlighting the challenges posed by obesity and the need for awareness and preventive measures in healthcare. This assignment provides a detailed overview of the current research and its implications for public health, offering valuable insights into the complex relationship between obesity and heart disease. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering AI-powered study tools and resources.

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OBESITY INCREASING RISK OF HEART ATTACK IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
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Obesity Increasing Risk of Heart Attacks in Developed Countries

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The following annotated bibliography compiles peer-reviewed sources that tackle the
topic of obesity among patients in the developed world and how the factor contributes to an
increase in the risk of contracting heart disease.
Xiao-Xu Xie et al., 2016. Ischemic heart disease deaths, disability-adjusted life years and risk
factors in Fujian, China during 1990–2013: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
International Journal of Cardiology, 214(1), pp.265-69.
Xiao-Xu Xiea et al., (2016) examine the role of Ischemic heart disease in determining the
state of health of world cities. The study examines the number of deaths that accrue from the
disease, the number of people disabled by the disease and the number of risk factors associated
with the illness in Fujian province of Japan. The study is modeled on the principles of qualitative
and quantitative research. The study is conducted between 1990 and 2013 and uses data from
Global Burden and Disease study. It is compiled in the international journal of cardiology. China
is one of the developed and advanced countries in the world. A review of heart disease in the
country will not only be essential in determining the authenticity of the research but will also
help to act as a control for a developed country without obese people. The study finds that many
obese people in developed nations face the risk of acquiring heart diseases. It affirms the need
for more studies to be conducted in the area for clarity of thought. The growth of population and
aging lead to a burden on the economy of a nation.
Teo, K. & Dokainish, H., 2017. The Emerging Epidemic of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and
Atherosclerotic Disease in Developing Countries. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, November.
pp.358-65.

Obesity Increasing Risk of Heart Attacks in Developed Countries 3
Teo, K. & Dokainish, H., (2017) compile a study titled, “The Emerging Epidemic of
Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Atherosclerotic Disease in Developing Countries” The study
seeks to examine emerging trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the developing
countries. Although the study is interested in the dual survey of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and
Atherosclerotic Disease in Developing Countries, it will be intent on examining the
cardiovascular aspect of the disease. The study is based on a population perspective for urban
and rural epidemiology. It finds that developed countries are at a higher risk of contracting the
disease compared to low-income countries. The same case finds that due to the advantage of
technology and innovation the developed nations have low death rates associated with heart
disease compared to the low income countries. The study adopts a qualitative and quantitative
approach to data assembly and analysis.
Suzette E. Elias-Smale, Arzu Günal & Maas, A.H.E.M., 2015. Gynecardiology: Distinct patterns
of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged women. Maturitas, 81(3), pp.348-52.
Suzette et al. (2015) develop research titled, “Gynecardiology: Distinct Patterns of
Ischemic Heart Disease in Middle-aged Women.” The study posits that the life conditions for
women in the developed nations make it easier for them to acquire such infections. That said and
done: it will be of high presence to assume that the boy child is being favored or appreciated. For
instance, in the US right now, women get many job opportunities, treated better and fairly by the
judicial and police system. The boy child instead is a complete alien who came from planet
Jupiter and no longer treated as a human being living on this planet. I represent a breed, a human
kind of a race that significantly began becoming extent. More girls are born daily than boys are;
other men to are celibate, some asexual, others do not want to settle for marriage whereas we
have those of different sexuality. Marriage has become a no-go zone for men, as they seem to

Obesity Increasing Risk of Heart Attacks in Developed Countries 4
have a different reason that I shall not shelter from mentioning. Some men consider marriage to
be not an easy thing. They feel intimidated and not inspired; they feel as though they are forced
by their communities or societies to settle down when they are not ready for it whatsoever.
Another section of men bows to the pressure from their kind by marrying when they choose to
forget it is a lifetime commitment and devotion, one that has so many jubilations and
tribulations, life is a balance of chaos.
Mehta, P., Wei, J. & Wenger, N., 2015. Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk
factors. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(1), pp.140-51.
Mehta et al. (2015) examine the prevalence of heart disease in women in their study
titled, “Ischemic Heart Disease in Women” The research focusses on the risk factors of the
diseases and seeks to advance research on the trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. The study
notes that heart disease remains a significant factor contributing to the death of women in the US
and around the world. The study reviews are emerging and known risk factors for heart disease
in women. Some of the traditional risk factors include diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and
hypertension. Sedentary lifestyles and smoking are all factors that can be changed by the patient.
The study posits the need for providers of healthcare to remain aware of emerging risk factors
among women. Some of that affect women and that require immediate attention include systemic
autoimmune disorders, radiation-induced heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea and adverse
pregnancy outcomes.
Lauren A. Baldassarre et al., 2016. Noninvasive Imaging to Evaluate Women With Stable
Ischemic Heart Disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 9(4), pp.421-35.

Obesity Increasing Risk of Heart Attacks in Developed Countries 5
Lauren A. Baldassarre et al., (2016) examine the technology of noninvasive imaging for
the evaluation of women’s bodies that have stable Ischemic heart disease. The study finds that
women in the developed countries are more likely to develop the heart disease compared to those
in the developing nations. America had come from a time in her history when marriage was a rite
of passage of which every man and woman dreamt. Beginning 1976, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the US reported a drop in the number of marriages in the US. Since then, the
numbers of single people in the United States far outnumber the number of married people and
stands at 50% of the population. Despite the rise in online dating sites and communication
technologies, the rate of marriage unions continues to dwindle. People have more global access
to one another today than they did a decade ago. Several theories have been developed to explain
the turn in societal norms some including the change in societal standards and the lack of desire
in men for marriage. Shaped by societal norms, beliefs, and customs, modern men are scared of
the thought of marriage, which is a factor that fuels the fire of singlehood in the United States.
References
Lauren A. Baldassarre et al., 2016. Noninvasive Imaging to Evaluate Women With Stable
Ischemic Heart Disease. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 9(4), pp.421-35.

Obesity Increasing Risk of Heart Attacks in Developed Countries 6
Mehta, P., Wei, J. & Wenger, N., 2015. Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk
factors. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(1), pp.140-51.
Suzette E. Elias-Smale, Arzu Günal & Maas, A.H.E.M., 2015. Gynecardiology: Distinct patterns
of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged women. Maturitas, 81(3), pp.348-52.
Teo, K. & Dokainish, H., 2017. The Emerging Epidemic of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and
Atherosclerotic Disease in Developing Countries. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, November.
pp.358-65.
Xiao-Xu Xiea et al., 2016. Ischemic heart disease deaths, disability-adjusted life years and risk
factors in Fujian, China during 1990–2013: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
International Journal of Cardiology, 214(1), pp.265-69.