Obesity Management: Detailed Analysis of Causes, Risks, and Solutions

This report provides an overview of obesity, a significant public health concern. It begins by defining obesity and highlighting its prevalence, emphasizing that the condition affects a considerable portion of the population. The report then explores the various health risks associated with obesity, including heart disease, diabetes, and other serious conditions. The core of the report focuses on management strategies, including dietary modifications such as reduced calorie intake and low-fat diets, and physical activity. Additionally, it discusses behavioral modifications and the use of pharmacological interventions like orlistat and sibutramine. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of obesity and its management, offering insights into both lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

MANAGEMENT
OF OBESITY
Patient education session

• Obesity
• Factors contributing to obesity
• Health risk due to obesity
• Management of obesity (mja, 2020)
Introduction

Obesity
• Excess body fat
• BMI more than 30
• Chronic medical disease
• Heat insulation
• 40 percent adults in 2015 found
obese
• One in every third person in America
is obese (physio-pedia, 2019)

Factors contributing to Obesity
Lifestyle
Poor sleep
Sugary drinks
Snacking
Poor diet
Alcohol
Biomedical
Metabolism
Mobility
issues
Genetics
Injury
medications
Psychosocial
Anxiety
Social events
Stress
Stress
Depression
Binge eating
Low income
Boredom

Health risk of obesity
• Insulin resistance
• Heart attack
• Cancer
• Gout
• Sleep Apnoea
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
(medicinenet, 2019)

Management of
obesity
1.1 dietary
modifications
• Deficit in energy
• Healthy balanced diet
• Energy reduction
• Decreased portion
sizes
• Long-term changes
1. Non-pharmacological
Management
Reduction of risk of
morbidity and mortality
acquaintance to obesity
Encourage a 20-25%
shrinkage in whole
mortality
Enhancements in
obesity associated co-
morbidities
Preserve lower body
weight (oecd, 2019)

Non-pharmacological Management
Low Calorie Diets
• Restricting
• Total energy
• Calorie-restricted
diets
• Nutrient
composition
Low Fat Diets
• Restricting fat intake
• Dropping the diet’s
energy compactness
(1.health.gov.au,
2019)

Non-pharmacological Management
Low Carbohydrate Diets
• A low carbohydrate
• Short-term weight
loss
• Atkins diet
• Minimize dietary
glycaemic index
(Bray & Ryan, 2016)
Physical Activity
• Promoting weight
reduction
• Regular physical
activity
• Decreased sedentary
behaviour
• Integrated lifestyle
choice
• Maintain better

Non-pharmacological Management
Behavioural modification
• Systematic process for modifying consumption
• Self-monitoring
• Social support
• Stress management
• Physical activity are learned
• Behavioural treatment
• New set of eating , thinking habits , physical
activity habits

Pharmacological Management
1. Orlistat
• Increases faecal fat loss
• Approved by the FDA
• Resulted in a weight loss
• Patients of T2DM treated
2. Sibutramine
• Inhibits the neuronal
reuptake
• Anorectic effect
• Stimulating
thermogenesis
• Long-term
treatment(Haslam,
2016)

Prevention of obesity
• Lifestyle analysis concerning Obesity
threat
• Counseling
• Sleep
• Diet and eating
• Physical activity

References
1.health.gov.au, 2019. Overweight-and-Obesity. [Online] Available at:
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/Overweight-and-Obesity.
Bray, G.A. & Ryan, D.H., 2016. Management of obesity. The Lancet, 387(10031), pp.1947-
56.
Haslam, D., 2016. Weight management in obesity–past and present. International journal of
clinical practice, 70(3), pp.206-17.
medicinenet, 2019. obesity_weight_loss. [Online] Available at:
https://www.medicinenet.com/obesity_weight_loss/article.htm.
mja, 2020. 10-management-obesity. [Online] Available at:
https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2004/180/9/10-management-obesity.
oecd, 2019. health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017. [Online] Available at:
https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf.
physio-pedia, 2019. Management_of_Obesity. [Online] Available at: https://www.physio-
pedia.com/Management_of_Obesity.