A Comprehensive Report on Obesity Prevalence in England (2010-Present)

This report examines the prevalence of obesity in England since 2010, exploring the concept of obesity, its causes, and various prevention methods. The research includes a literature review defining obesity, identifying contributing factors like genetics, diet, and physical inactivity, and exploring ways to combat it. The methodology section details the research methods used, including qualitative data analysis and primary and secondary data collection. The findings reveal that a significant portion of the population is aware of obesity as a serious health issue, with overeating and physical inactivity identified as primary causes. The research also highlights the health risks associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, heart problems, and high blood pressure. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for preventive measures, including regular exercise, weight monitoring, and dietary changes. The research also reflects that obesity is a major public health concern in the UK, with rising rates of obesity across different demographics.

RESEARCH SKILLS

Table of Contents
TOPIC: Prevalence of obesity in England since 2010.....................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................1
To determine Concept of Obesity...........................................................................................1
To identify different causes of Obesity..................................................................................3
To ascertain different ways to prevent obesity problems.......................................................3
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................4
Types of Investigation............................................................................................................4
Data collection........................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION ON DATA...............................................................................................................5
FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................................8
REFLECTION OF OWN LEARNING ..........................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................11

TOPIC: Prevalence of obesity in England since 2010.
INTRODUCTION
Obesity is defined as excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that presents risk to the
health of people. It is accumulation of fact due to consumption of unhealthy food and more
calories than the body needs. In context to obesity, 15-20%enhance over body weight and it
measures of weight and the height. According to Health Survey for England, 19% boys, 22%
girls between 2 to 15 are obese. In England, most of the people are obese or over weight. It
consist 61.9% adults and 28% children aged among 2 to 15 (Aitken and et. al., 2014). On the
basis of National Health Service, Around 26.2% of male population in England are obese.
Excess weight can make more complex for the people to keep work and it can impact on the
mental health.
Research Aim
The aim of this research is “To identify the prevalence of obesity in England since,
2010.”
Research Objectives
 To determine Concept of Obesity.
 To identify different causes of Obesity.
 To ascertain various ways to prevent obesity problems.
Research Questions
 What is obesity?
 What are different causes of Obesity?
 What are various ways to prevent obesity problems?
LITERATURE REVIEW
To determine Concept of Obesity
Obesity refers to enhanced body weight and it can be calculated by Body Mass Index. It
is included as abnormal health related problem under which the weight is more as comparison to
body weight. As per opinion of Evans (2016) it has been stated that person is consider
overweight when the ratio of its fat is more than weight of body. Generally, obesity is caused
through eating more and move less. In addition to this, obesity results from combination of the
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causes as well as contributing factors consisting individual factors for an instance genetics and
behaviour of a person. Behaviour consist dietary patterns, inactivity, physical activities etc.
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As per opinion of Purnell (2018) Morbid Obesity is a kind of obesity that is extreme if an
individual is having BMI 40.0 or high. In addition to this, there are many other factors which can
be main reason of obesity. It is necessary for an individual to control the over consumption of
food and do physical activities on daily basis on order to stay healthy.
To identify different causes of Obesity
On the basis of opinion of Brazier (2019) it has been stated that obesity is medical
condition that can be occur when an individual carrier more body fat or weight that can impact
on health. There are some causes of obesity mention below:
Consuming more calories- When an individual consumer more calories as comparison
that they use as energy. It can be lead to excess the weight and the obesity. Eating too much of
high calories food and little exercise can result in enhance weight of body.
Lack of physical activity- On the basis of opinion of Balentine (2018) lack of physical
activity is necessary factor that is related to the obesity. Several people have jobs of sitting at
desk most of the time in day. Department of Health suggest that adults should do around 150
minutes aerobic activity like fast walking, cycling etc.
To ascertain different ways to prevent obesity problems
According to opinion of Hauner, Wabitsch and Wirth (2017) Obesity is a serious disease
that is necessary to prevent for people. Maintaining weight or losing by doing exercise and
follow diet are effective way to reduce or prevent obesity. Some ways are mention below to
prevent obesity:
Exercise regularly- It is necessary for obese people to do exercise for 150 to 300 minutes
such as running, cycling, aerobic activities, moderate intense physical activities etc. In context to
this, moderate intense physical activities such as swimming, slow walk etc.
Monitor your weight regularly- Under this, people which weigh themselves one in week
are successful in order to keeping off the excess pounds. In order to this, through monitoring
person can know about its weight and work on reducing it.
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METHODOLOGY
Research is a systemic investigation and also study of sources as well as materials for
establish the facts and reach at valid conclusions. It is careful inquiry or research by searching
the new facts in knowledge branch (Ells and et. al., 2015). Research methodology refers to way
for solve issues in a systemic manner. It is a procedure through which investigators go with
explaining work, examining and also predicting phenomenon.
Types of Investigation
Research methods refers to systematic process of data collection, analysis, interpretation
and also implication that pertaining to business issue. With the help of research methods,
investigator collect relevant information or data related to specific research area. There are two
different types of research methods like qualitative and other is quantitative.
Qualitative research method- This kind of research method is dealing with the
phenomena that is impossible or complex to quantify in a mathematical manner such as
attributes, symbols etc. The main aim of this method is to collect an in- depth understanding of
specific research area.
Quantitative research methods- Under this method, data is measures in terms of quantity
or numeric. In order to analyse the collected data, researcher uses statistical techniques in an
effective manner. On the other hand, its objective is to create as well as employ mathematical
models, hypothesis and theories which are pertaining to the phenomenon (Gutiérrez‐Fisac and et.
al., 2012).
Among both the research methods, researcher uses qualitative method because it provides
in -depth and detailed theoretical information about the particular research area.
Data collection
It is procedure of measuring as well as collecting information in specific area of interest
in a systematic manner. The main goal of data collection is to capture the quality or relevant
evidence that permit analysis to lead formulation of the convincing answers to arisen questions.
Under this, information is collected from the different sources for getting positive outcomes.
Primary and secondary are two different kinds of data collection methods mention below:
Primary data collection- Under this, data is directly collected through an investigator for
first time. Data is original in nature as well as specific to research issue in study. In addition to
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this, outcomes of this investigation are accurate when data is directly gathered through
investigator but it is time- consuming as well as costly as comparison to secondary method
(Karnik and Kanekar, 2012). Different sources to collect primary data are questionnaire, surveys
etc.
Secondary data collection- In this, data is gathered through some other person for
research related work and also already passes by the statistical analysis. The main benefit of
secondary data is that it is easily available and also less expensive. The various sources of collect
secondary data are books, articles etc.
Under this investigation, researcher use both data like secondary data has been used in
literature review part and primary data has been used in findings (Martínez-Vizcaíno and et. al.,
2012).
DISCUSSION ON DATA
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Contact no.-
Address-
Q1) Are you aware about the concept of Obesity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) What are the different causes of arising obesity problem?
a) Genetics
b) Overeating
c) Physical inactivity
Q3) What are health related risks associated with obesity?
a) Type 2 Diabetes
b) Heart problems
c) High blood pressure
Q4) What are main ways to prevent obesity from people?
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a) Change your thinking and behaviour
b) Stay active
c) Eat wisely
THEME 1: Aware about the concept of Obesity
Q1) Are you aware about the concept of
Obesity?
Frequency
Yes 6
No 4
Interpretation: On the basis of mention graph, there are 6 respondents which said that obesity is
a serious issue and they are aware about this concept. On the other hand, 4 respondents have no
idea about obesity and its impact on health of person.
THEME 2: Different causes of arising obesity
Q2) What are the different causes of arising
obesity problem?
Frequency
Genetics 2
Overeating 3
Physical inactivity 5
Interpretation: According to 2 respondents that genetics is main cause which arising from the
obesity. On the other hand, there are 3 respondents which said that overeating is also a main
reason from which obesity arise. 5 respondents are agree with physical inactivity.
THEME 3: Health related risks associated with obesity
Q3) What are health related risks associated
with obesity?
Frequency
Type 2 Diabetes 3
Heart problems 2
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High blood pressure 5
Interpretation: There are 3 respondents which said that from obesity Type 2 Diabetes can be
emerged in body. According to 2 respondents, obesity is a main reason behind arising heath
issues such as heart attack. On the basis of opinion of 5 respondents, high blood pressure is
health issue that is related with obesity.
THEME 4: Main ways to prevent obesity from people
Q4) What are main ways to prevent obesity
from people?
Frequency
Change your thinking and behaviour 2
Stay active 5
Eat wisely 3
Interpretation: Obesity can be control by adopting the different ways. According to 2
respondents that from Change your thinking and behaviour, problem of obesity can be reduced.
According to 3 respondents, people such eat healthy in order to prevent from obesity issue. There
are 5 respondents which said that people should stay active.
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FINDINGS
Obesity is medical situation when an individual start to gain fat due to unwanted fat
added in body. Under this, excess body fat has been collected to an extent that health is affected
negatively and also leaf to mortality cases. Obesity develops negative impact on body as it
causes many health related issues to an individual. People which are overweight have more risk
of getting heart related diseases, cancers, Type 2 diabetes etc. In United Kingdom, Obesity is
main health concern and also preventable death causes (Pérez-Farinós and et. al., 2013).
Under this, rising of the obesity is main challenge to health of people. In England, obesity
is enhancing and on the basis of survey conducted through National Health Service (NHS) that in
England almost 26.2% of males are obese. On the other hand, females are also face obesity
related issues and also not able to doing daily activities in a proper manner. Through
investigation, it has been observed that children, adults and aged people are victim of the obesity.
In context to children, they are deprived prone to the obesity related issue. On the other hand, in
adults obesity is high in age among 45-74. According to Health Survey, there are more than 60%
adults come in overweight category (Rodgers, Tschöp and Wilding, 2012). There are several
reason to arise obesity problem such as high stress level, over eating, medication etc. In addition
to this, it is necessary for United Kingdom to make some actions for reduce the problem of
obesity and people can stay healthy.
In the recent study or this time period, rate of obesity is high and several populations
continue to see enhances in obesity. They are persistent racial, ethnic disparities and striking. On
the basis of recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, about 18.5% of children
and around 40% of adults has obesity problems in year 2015-2016.
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REFLECTION OF OWN LEARNING
Research is conducted in conducted for getting detailed information and enhance
knowledge in specific area. I select this research topic by considering that obesity is a big
problems in England because it is leading towards public as serious problem. In order to
conducting investigation, I chosen qualitative methods because it provides information in
detailed manner. On the other hand primary and secondary both methods of data collection has
been used.
Through this investigation, I got to know regarding the main obesity causes such as
overeating, physical inactivity etc. In the obesity problem, person should take care of health and
start doing the physical exercise. This research helped me out in examining factors which are
necessary to undertaken for live healthy life and away from diseases.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Aitken, G. R. and et. al., 2014. Change in prevalence of chronic kidney disease in England over
time: comparison of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from 2003 to
2010. BMJ open. 4(9). p.e005480.
Ells, L. J. and et. al., 2015. Prevalence of severe childhood obesity in England: 2006–2013.
Archives of disease in childhood, pp.archdischild-2014.
Gutiérrez‐Fisac, J. L. and et. al., 2012. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult
population of Spain, 2008–2010: the ENRICA study. Obesity reviews. 13(4). pp.388-
392.
Karnik, S. and Kanekar, A., 2012. Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis. Int J Prev
Med. 3(1). pp.1-7.
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. and et. al., 2012. Trends in excess of weight, underweight and adiposity
among Spanish children from 2004 to 2010: the Cuenca Study. Public health nutrition.
15(12). pp.2170-2174.
Pérez-Farinós, N. and et. al., 2013. The ALADINO study: a national study of prevalence of
overweight and obesity in Spanish children in 2011. BioMed research international,
2013.
Rodgers, R. J., Tschöp, M. H. and Wilding, J. P., 2012. Anti-obesity drugs: past, present and
future. Disease models & mechanisms. 5(5). pp.621-626.
Online
Balentine, J. R., 2018. Obesity. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.medicinenet.com/obesity_weight_loss/article.htm#obesity_facts>.
Brazier, Y., 2019. What is obesity and what causes it? [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323551.php>.
Evans, L., 2016. Obesity in England: why is it increasing?. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/feb/23/obesity-problem-
increasing>.
Hauner, H., Wabitsch, M., and Wirth, A., 2017. The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity.
[Online] Available through:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4233761/>.
Purnell, J. Q., 2018. Definitions, Classification, and Epidemiology of Obesity. [Online] Available
through: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279167/>.
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