IMAT5205 - Exploring Object-Oriented Analysis and System Design

This report provides a comprehensive overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) in system development. It details the features of OOAD, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages compared to other software development methodologies like the Waterfall and Iterative models. The report emphasizes how OOAD improves communication with stakeholders and enhances product quality through visual modeling. It covers key aspects such as object identification, organization, interaction, and behavior definition. The document concludes that OOAD offers a superior approach to system design due to its focus on reusability, modularity, and the ability to maintain and modify existing code effectively.

Running head: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Discussion.............................................................................................................................................3
Object oriented analysis.....................................................................................................................3
Object oriented designing..................................................................................................................4
Advantages and disadvantages of using object oriented analysis and designing................................4
Different methodologies for developing software..............................................................................5
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................7
References.............................................................................................................................................8

2SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Introduction
The aim of this report is to discuss about the object oriented analysis and design. The report
will describe the features of object oriented analysis and design. The advantages and disadvantages of
Object analysis and design will be discussed in the report. The report will compare this methodology
with the other approaches available in software development. This methodology is used for analysing
and designing an application with the help of object oriented analysis and design (Valacich, George
and Hoffer 2014). This uses visual modelling throughout the development life cycle and this helps in
improving the communication with the stakeholders and also improves the product quality.
Discussion
Object oriented analysis and design is a technical approach that helps in analysing and
designing a system, application or business by using the object oriented programming. This helps in
improving the communication between stakeholders and also improves the product quality. Object
oriented analysis and design is referred to as a way of modern software engineering and occurs in a
best way in case of iterative way and incremental way (Díaz-Varela et al. 2014). In the process of
OOAD, the models are being analysed with the use of object oriented analysis and are being designed
with the help of Object oriented design.
Object oriented analysis
The main objective of performing analysis with the help of software life cycle is to generate a
model that will follow the functional requirements of a system. This requirements are independent of
implementation constraints. The major difference between other forms of analysis ad object oriented
analysis is that in case of object oriented approach the requirements are being organized around the
objects. This requirement integrates both feature of an object that is the behaviour and the state that is
being modelled after a real world object interacts with the system (Sebesta 2016). The approach
followed by other methodologies focuses on two aspects separately that is the processes and data. For

3SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
example the data can be modelled with the help of an ER diagram whereas the behaviours are being
determined with the help of flow charts and structured charts. The primary activities of an object
oriented analysis are :
 Finding the objects
 Organizing this objects
 Describing the way objects interact
 Defines the behaviour of object
 The internal factors of objects are being described
The common model used in an object oriented analysis is object models and use cases. The
working use case includes describing scenarios for standard domain functions that every system must
accomplish (Dennis, Wixom and Tegarden 2015). On the other hand object models is used to
describe the class relations, names, operations and properties associated with the main objects. In
order to understand the analysing phase better user interface mock-ups can be used.
Object oriented designing
In the time of designing, a developer applies several constraints into the conceptual model
that is produced as a result of object oriented analysis. This constraint includes both hardware and
software platforms, the performance requirement, limitation that got imposed due to budgets and time,
usability of the system (Alshamrani and Bahattab 2015). The important phases of OOD includes
designing of software architectures by applying the architectural patterns and designing the patterns
with object oriented designing principle.
Advantages and disadvantages of using object oriented analysis and designing
Advantages Disadvantages
This focuses entirely on data rather than on the
procedures.
The functionality of this process is restricted
within the objects. This sometimes led to
problems for the system with procedural or

4SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
computational nature.
This process includes principles of
encapsulation and data hiding. This helps in
developing the system in a more secured
manner and cannot be tampered by others.
The identification of the object with optima
system design becomes difficult.
It offers an effective management of software
complexity by the use of modularity.
The communication between the objects and
system cannot be displayed with the use of
object oriented model
The process offers upgradation from small to
large system with a great ease.
The interfaces within the objects cannot be
represented easily with the use of single
diagram.
Different methodologies for developing software
The software life cycle is basically divided into different stages. This stages starts from
abstract, describing the type of problem to designing then comes coding ad testing and finally
deployment. There are several process for software development life cycle. One of the common
approach for developing a software is known as waterfall model. This is termed as waterfall model as
these life cycle gets executed in a sequential format and follows one direction.

5SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Figure 1: Waterfall model
Source: (Wachowicz 2014)
Second approach for software life cycle is the iterative model. This simply starts with
implementation of a subset of software requirements and gets enhanced iteratively until the full
system is being implemented. This process is also referred to as evolutionary acquisition approach.
Figure 2: iterative model
Source: (Abrahamsson et al. 2017)

6SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
This is possible to implement object oriented development with the help of waterfall model.
However, maximum object oriented systems are developed with iterative approach. This results the
process of object oriented process to be a process that will include both analysing and designing at the
same time. Object oriented paradigm focuses on reusability and modularity. The aim of using object
oriented approach is to follows the open closed principle (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). A module used
in developing a software is considered to be open when it support extension. The module should also
support adding new features to the object used.
Conclusion
From the above report it can be concluded that object oriented analysis and designing is better
than other methodology as it helps to maintain and modify the existing code and creates an all-new
code with new objects. Object oriented analysis and design is referred to as a way of modern software
engineering and occurs in a best way in case of iterative way and incremental way. The report has
successfully discussed the importance of object oriented analysis and designing. The two different
methodologies are being described in the report apart from object oriented analysis and design. The
main advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of object oriented analysis and design are
being discussed in brief. This methodology is used for analysing and designing an application with the
help of object oriented programming. Thus, Object oriented analysis and design offers a better way of
designing a system.

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References
Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development methods:
Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439.
Alshamrani, A. and Bahattab, A., 2015. A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model,
spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model. International Journal of Computer Science Issues
(IJCSI), 12(1), p.106.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Tegarden, D., 2015. Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented
approach with UML. John wiley & sons.
Díaz-Varela, R.A., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Angileri, V. and Loudjani, P., 2014. Automatic identification
of agricultural terraces through object-oriented analysis of very high resolution DSMs and
multispectral imagery obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Journal of environmental
management, 134, pp.117-126.
Sebesta, R.W., 2016. Concepts of programming languages.
Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J., 2014. Essentials of systems analysis and design. Prentice Hall
Press.
Vijayasarathy, L.R. and Butler, C.W., 2016. Choice of software development methodologies: Do
organizational, project, and team characteristics matter?. IEEE software, 33(5), pp.86-94.
Wachowicz, M., 2014. Object-oriented design for temporal GIS. CRC Press.