Occupational Safety, Health, and Well-being in the Informal Economy

This report examines the occupational safety, health, and well-being of home-based workers in Thailand's informal economy, drawing on data from the International Labour Organization and the National Statistical Office of Thailand. It analyzes research concepts, literature search strategies, and critical appraisal methods used in the study. The report discusses the importance of research ethics, evidence-based practices, and different types of data collected, including quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and environmental measurements. Findings from the Thai NSO Home Work Survey reveal that a significant percentage of home-based workers experience issues such as eyesight problems, unsafe working environments, inadequate compensation, and musculoskeletal disorders. The report concludes that occupational safety, health, and well-being significantly impact the outcomes of the Thai informal labor force, emphasizing the need for strategic policies, research, and training programs to protect workers and improve their overall well-being.

Running head: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

1OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
Introduction
The aim of occupational safety and health is to promote security and welfare in the
workplaces (Zwetsloot, Leka and Kines 2017). It focuses on the prevention of infections and
accidents that might bring about from work (Amponsah-Tawiah and Mensah 2016). In
practice, the work-related safety, health and wellbeing objects to ensure that the workplace
atmosphere is safe for the staffs and they are comfortable working at the situation (Kaynak et
al. 2016). Because, it is well known that a healthy and comfortable staff will bring out an
effective outcome for the workplace and production (Greubel et al. 2016).
In the following assignment, the article on “the Occupational Safety, Health, and
Well-being Among Home-based Workers in the Informal Economy of Thailand” will be
followed in order to understand the results and needs of occupational safety and health
(Nankongnab et al. 2015). The literature comprises of documents and evidence sources which
are established by the International Labour Organization and the National Statistical Office
of Thailand. It was performed to understand the need of the occupational safety and health in
a work place and the employees.
Analysis of research concept
Literature searching
Search Terms: Search terms are a very precarious measure for any kind of literature. They
are some short catchphrases, terms which helps in searching the appropriate objects for a
research. The terms totally depend on the objectives of the research that will be performed
(Littlewood and Kloukos 2019). The search terms used for the assignment are workplace,
occupational health, safety, workplace ethics, issues and challenges.

2OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
PRISMA Flow chart (Tricco et al. 2018):
Records identified through
database searching (n= 70
Sc
re
en
in
In
cl
ud
ed
Eli
gi
bil
ity
Id
en
ti
fic
Additional records identified
through other sources (n= 0)
(n = )
Records after duplicates removed (n= 55)
(n = )
Records screened (n=30) Records excluded (n=
13)
(n = )
Full-text articles assessed for
eligibility ( n= 17)
Full-text articles
excluded, with reasons
(n= 8)
(n = )Studies included in qualitative
synthesis
(n = 9 )
Studies included in quantitative
synthesis (n=(meta-analysis)
(n = 1 )

3OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
Critical Appraisal (Shea et al. 2017):
Aim: The aim of the literature is to identify and understand the need of Occupational Safety,
Health, and Well-being in the workforces and employees in the Informal Economy of
Thailand, especially those who are home-based.
Objective: The objective of the literature is to understand the importance and requirement of
occupational health and safety in a work place and also the issues related to the topic.
Methods used:
Quantitative Surveys: the data is numerical in nature and are used as statistical means. If no
numeric values are involved, then they are not quantitative research (Singer and Couper
2017).
Qualitative Interviews: Qualitative Interviewing is a technique about gaining knowledge
about different countries, their national views, their difficulties and resolutions, and their
similarities and dissimilarities (King, Horrocks and Brooks 2018).
Environmental Measurements Via Undeviating Reading Instruments: Thermometers,
temperature probes air velocity meters etc (Figliola and Beasley 2015).
Research Ethics:
A research in which the examination and survey involves human as participants are
found to raise exceptional and complex ethical, social, legislative and political matters and
issues (Ryen 2016). the research ethics are used in order to address and analysis the ethical
issues which might be raised in situations where people are involved for collecting data and
information in the research (Hedgecoe 2016). The research objectives have three, main
objectives which are essential and need to be followed while performing any research which
include humans as participants (Master, Martinson and Resnik 2018). Starting from the first

4OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
ethical objective which states that protection of every participant is the important factor of the
research (Fiesler et al. 2018). The second ethical objective is to make sure that research is
performed in a manner so that it serves welfares of folks, groups and/or civilization as entire
(Rothstein 2015). And the third objective states that it is important to examine precise
research and projects based on their ethical reliability, for the risk management, protecting
confidentiality and the informed agreement (Gasevic, Dawson and Jovanovic 2016). The
research ethics here was that, the privacy of the information and the participants were
maintained, no information should be shared with others until it is for the benefit for the
stakeholders. During the survey questioning, no such questions should be asked which may
harass or hurt an individual emotionally or mentally. And the last ethical considerations are
that, the review and survey should be performed with total consent and knowledge of the peer
and with full legal permission.
Evidence Based Practice (Schmidt and Brown 2017):
Evidence-based practice is a reliable as well as a problem-solving tactic to any
clinical exercise that includes the best sign from any well-designed trainings, individual
values and their partialities, and a clinician's knowledge in order to take conclusions about an
individual’s care (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2017). Inappropriately, no proper formulation
exists for how these practice should be applied in the clinical decision-making procedure
(O'Hare 2015). A proper knowledge about the evidence based practice is required in order to
understand the proper care giving and treatment methods for the benefit of the people
involved (Dang and Dearholt 2017). There are few evidence based practices that were
performed in order to understand and perform the study and resolving the issue.
Randomized control trials (Groot et al. 2016): in this, participants are randomly selected
and randomly used in order to perform any experiment and interventions (Goyal et al. 2016).

5OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
In the study, the population who were surveyed and were provided with interventions were
selected randomly from any region of Thailand.
Systematic review or meta-analysis. A systematic review is an acute assessment of pre-
existing evidence which tends to addresses a focused and essential clinical question, also
includes an inclusive literature search, evaluates the quality of the studies and reports also
results in a very methodical manner (Moher et al. 2015). Meta-analysis is a study strategy
which uses various statistical techniques in order to combine and analyse information from
many randomized controlled trails (Biswas et al. 2015) Here, the researcher used various
survey questionnaire and interviews in order to understand the issues and problems people
have been facing and related it to the occupational safety, health and wellbeing at workplace.
From which a statistical data was obtained which provided a knowledge about the condition
if the home-based workers in their workplace and their health related issues.
Clinical practice guidelines: this provides a knowledge based on the randomized controlled
trials and helps to plan a care practice which is required to the selected population to address
their issues (Schwartz et al. 2016).
Types of Data
In the proposal, the information regarding the need and importance of Occupational
Safety, Health, and Well-being in a workplace was collected by various government
organizations in different regions of Thailand (Downey et al. 2018). In Thailand, the ground
studies were performed of the work atmosphere among the home-based staffs and from
which the data was collected. The data collection procedures were quantitative surveys,
qualitative interviews, environmental measurements via undeviating reading instruments and
walk-through observations. The Thai NSO Home Work Survey (2007) collected reactions

6OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
from the workers and employees on the matters and distresses that the home-based
employees come across with in their daily work-life (Sasaki, Kusakabe, and Doneys, 2016).
From the survey questionnaires it was obtained that about 32 percentage of the people survey
did not had any concern or issues in their work place. Whereas, it was also obtained by the
quantitative survey that around 55 percentages of the home-based workers lost their eye
sights, 25 percentages of them reported that they witness an unsafe and unhealthy workplace
environment with harms their health in a greater manner. It was also observed that around 19
percent of the workers face inadequate compensation problems and 15 percent witness
instability in the assignments they are provided with in the workplace. Apart from the
eyesight problem, the workers were also facing musculoskeletal disorder along with stress
and pollution exposure.
Conclusion:
This article has brought to a conclusion that occupational safety, health and well-
being between the labours and employees in the casual workplace in Thailand is found to be
effecting the outcomes of the country. Various important measures have been engaged in
account in the tactical areas of occupational safety, health and wellbeing policy, study,
exercise, and education for the workers to protect them from the effect. The Thai NSO
surveys that were performed on the home work and the informal economy have provided a
vast range of information and knowledge to government policy producers (Pandey et al.
2018). Research studies have appraised the occupational safety, health and wellbeing
experiences and effects in a restricted number of the several casual sector of the workstations.
Health preferment in the remote areas and workplaces and training programs for the
employees based on International Labour Office practices have proved that sharing
approaches have been suiting and showed effective outcomes with the Thai informal labour
force (Berg 2015).

7OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING

8OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELL BEING
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