Mini Project: Predicting Oil Flow from Bottom Hole Pressure

This project focuses on predicting oil flow from bottom hole pressure in a petroleum field, employing a back propagation algorithm. The project's background highlights the significance of accurately determining flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP) in oil wells, especially those utilizing electric submersible pumps (ESP). The objectives include predicting FBHP and utilizing the back propagation algorithm for the project execution. The student's role involved project documentation, meeting organization, and guiding junior team members. The project applied petroleum engineering knowledge and skills to address challenges in pressure prediction. The project also delves into the theory of project, discussing the importance of FBHP measurement, challenges with traditional correlation methods, and the effectiveness of neural network models for FBHP estimation. Identified issues included inaccurate pressure predictions, which were resolved through the student's intervention using the BP algorithm. The team planned to foster creativity and innovation through collaborative work and division of responsibilities.

CE 2.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Predicting Oil Flow from Bottom Hole Pressure in Petroleum
Field
Location of the project: Please fill
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization: Please fill
Role and Designation during the time: Team Member of the project
CE 2.2 Project Background
CE 2.2.1 Characteristics of the project
This project of Predicting Oil Flow from Bottom Hole Pressure in Petroleum Field
was my first mini project in engineering career. The total installation of the down hole gauges
within oil wells are used for the determination of pressure of flowing bottom hole is the
significant dominant procedure mostly in the various wells that are eventually lifted with
several pumps that are electrically submersible. This project has subsequently helped us in
predicting the pressure of flowing bottom hole in the vertical oil wells by the help of back
propagation algorithm.
CE 2.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
The project of Predicting Oil Flow from Bottom Hole Pressure in Petroleum Field
comprises of two important objectives. The objectives are as follows:
 To predict the pressure of flowing bottom hole in the oil well
 To use back propagation algorithm for executing the project.
 To help the society with this heat exchanger.

CE 2.2.3 My area of work
This project of Predicting Oil Flow from Bottom Hole Pressure in Petroleum Field
was executed properly. As the petroleum engineer, my main area of work was to document
the entire project. I made sure that the project documentation was done perfectly. My other
area of work in the project was to arrange for various meetings and gatherings of the project.
I did this at the end of every week for understanding whether the project would be successful
or not or whether we are lagging behind.
CE 2.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: People involved in the project
CE 2.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was an important part of the project. I had various important responsibilities within
the project. My first and the foremost responsibility in this project of Predicting Oil Flow
from Bottom Hole Pressure in Petroleum Field was to document the entire project properly. I
knew that if the project report was made perfectly, the project is bound to be a success. My
next responsibility was to assist my project supervisor in the project. Another important

responsibility that I had to execute in this project was providing guidance to my juniors. I
even applied my knowledge and skills within the project for successfully completing the
project.
CE 2.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 2.3.1 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I have utilized my petroleum engineering skills and knowledge for the success of the
project. I knew that if I will apply my skills and knowledge in the project properly, it is
evident that the project will be a huge success. I am a hardworking person and have excellent
problem solving skills. Critical thinking power was also used here.
CE 2.3.3 Comprehending the Theory of Project
Since there is an increment in the use of the permanent gauges of down hole, the
measurement of pressures of flowing bottom hole pressures or FBHP is getting faster as well
as efficient. However, all of these permanent gauges need proper maintenance or calibration
for avoiding the erroneous readings. Moreover, by intervening the well periodically for
measuring FBHP is the most expensive task that is associated with the risk of production and
even interruption. The prediction of pressure of flowing bottom hole within the gas wells was
the engineering problem related to old petroleum. Some of the major attempts had produced
the correlations, which provide better predictions in some of the cases. All of these
correlation types generally perform much better than all those that attempt in meeting the
requirement of the diversity of issues. Normally, the higher this number of the variables
within the model, was lesser than the reliability as well as general applications of all
correlations. This is thus the result to utilize methodologies like the analysis of conventional
regression. In all of these methodologies, the higher chances of completely capturing
relationship within the variables reduce since the total variables number eventually increases.

All of the parameters can be easily included in all of these kinds of problems, like ratios of
gas oil within systems of two phases, flow of water within the systems of three phases, and
the pipe inclination angles.
There is the most important model of PSO for the purpose of training the perceptron
and even predicting the various pollutant levels in the wells of gas. This particular approach
was being proved to be extremely feasible as well as effective by the application to few of the
real air quality issues and also by the comparison with the simplest BP or back propagation
algorithm. ESP or Electric Submersible Pumping is the next most important and common
utilized methodology of the well production or fluid lifting within the industries of oil or gas.
It is thus responsible for obtaining the highest amounts of overall fluids that are being
produced, are water and oil by any of the method of artificial lift and any ideal methodology
for the wells of higher water cut. The centrifugal pumps could be either of multi stage or
single stage units. The single stage pumps are majorly utilized only when the discharge
pressure from lower to medium is needed, while the multistage pumps are eventually
designed for overcoming the high discharge pressures. The ESP is usually installed in the end
of production tube string that is being inserted within the bigger piping known as casing.
The measurements of pressure for the discharge of pump and in taking are usually
obtained by the permanent pressure gauge that is being installed in the assembly of ESP. The
pressure of flowing bottom hole of any well is considered as the pressure, which could be
calculated or measured near or at the specific producing formation in the bottom of a well
while this well is producing or flowing hydrocarbons. It would always be extremely higher
than the respective flowing pressure at surface, however lower than shut in the pressure of
bottom hole.

Figure 2: Schematic of Oil Well with ESP
After knowing that the pressure of bottom hole of any oil well could help in
forecasting a well potential this particular project was being made. Hence, the well
production monitoring as well as optimization of artificial lifting could be easily performed,
that is the major objective for maximization of oil production and reduction of operational
costs. The data of bottom hole pressure also could be utilized for providing information on
the pore pressure which could be simply calculated for safety reasons while the drilling
development well within the area. This is very critical for the drilling operations mainly the
underbalanced drilling. It even provides the valuable data for selecting correct fluid weight.
This data also could be utilized for the purpose of producing accurate either under or over
balance before the perforation. The tubing pressures as well as the casing pressure of these
flowing wells had always been vital factors within the operating wells and also under the
restricted productions their importance would be increased. The alterations within the
pressures had always been considered as providing significant information regarding the
quality of well, conditions of sand, bore hole conditions by the sand. A study of the pressures
of bottom hole within the complete field has the direct application to lease operation or any
individual well. The pressures of bottom hole provide important data that would be assisting
in making an accurate estimation. This comprises of various considerable values for knowing

the reasonable limits only when the wells would be having to be pumped. These pumps are
thus important for the oil and gas industry.
The estimation of FBHP of the well is considered as the most challenging and
extremely complicated system. The models of empirical or mechanistic did not have the
ability in estimating the FBHP. The neural network model that has been developed is being
shown exponentially accurate and proper estimation of FBHP performance, which
significantly performs the model of empirical. The various numbers of the layers of neural
network and the various numbers of neurons in one layer had been addressed for finding the
optimum structure of neural network.
CE 2.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
2.3.4.1 Issues
The main problem that we faced in the project was during predicting the pressure in
the oil well. The person who was given the responsibility to make the prediction made it
completely wrong. This was bringing major delay in our project.
2.3.4.2 Solutions
I gave suggestions to my co workers for solving the issue as this was bringing delay in
the project. I myself predicted the pressure by BP algorithm and hence this issue was
resolved.
CE 2.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
We made a significant plan for our project. Our plan was to bring out creative and
innovative work by working mutually. We divided our work perfectly and every one carried
out their responsibility with utmost sincerity and perfection.