Higher National Diploma in Computing: Online Library Management System

This report details the design and development of an online library management system, as part of a BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing, Unit 10: Web Design and Development. The assignment covers a range of topics, including server technologies, communication protocols, DNS, search engine optimization, front-end and back-end technologies, and the comparison of online website creation tools versus custom-built sites. The student designed a multi-page website using PHP, JS, and MySQL, and implemented a database design. The report includes wireframes, client and user requirements, code snippets, and screenshots of the user interface. A test plan was created and evaluated to review the website's performance and design, and user documentation was prepared. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the web design and development process, highlighting the technical challenges faced and the evaluation of the final product.

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Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assessor Internal Verifier
Unit(s) Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Assignment title Online Library Management System
Student’s name Paul Marky
List which assessment
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
Pass Merit Distinction
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
Do the assessment criteria awarded match
those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the
student work?
Y/N
Has the work been assessed
accurately? Y/N
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment
criteria?
• Identifying opportunities for
improved performance?
• Agreeing actions?
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Does the assessment decision need
amending? Y/N
Assessor signature Date
Internal Verifier signature Date
Programme Leader signature (if
required) Date

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Confirm action completed
Remedial action taken
Give details:
Assessor signature Date
Internal Verifier
signature Date
Programme Leader
signature (if required) Date

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form
Student Name/ID
Unit Title Unit 10: Website Design & Development
Assignment Number 1 Assessor
Submission Date Date Received 1st
submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd
submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1. Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites.
Pass, Merit & Distinction
Descripts
P1 P2 M1 M2 D1
LO2. Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.
Pass, Merit & Distinction
Descripts
P3 P4 M3 D1
LO3. Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
Pass, Merit & Distinction
Descripts
P5 P6 M4 D2
LO4. Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.
Pass, Merit & Distinction
Descripts
P7 M5 D3
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Internal Verifier’s Comments:
Signature & Date:
* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades decisions have
been agreed at the assessment board.

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Assignment 01
General Guidelines
1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use previous page as
your cover sheet and be sure to fill the details correctly.
2. This entire brief should be attached in first before you start answering.
3. All the assignments should prepare using word processing software.

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4. All the assignments should print in A4 sized paper, and make sure to only use one side printing.
5. Allow 1” margin on each side of the paper. But on the left side you will need to leave room for binging.
Word Processing Rules
1. Use a font type that will make easy for your examiner to read. The font size should be 12 point, and should be
in the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line word-processing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all headings are consistent in terms of size and font style.
4. Use footer function on the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and Page Number
on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help edit your assignment.
Important Points:
1. Check carefully the hand in date and the instructions given with the assignment. Late submissions will not be
accepted.
2. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
3. Don’t leave things such as printing to the last minute – excuses of this nature will not be accepted for failure
to hand in the work on time.
4. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
5. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply (in
writing) for an extension.
6. Failure to achieve at least a PASS grade will result in a REFERRAL grade being given.
7. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic REFERRAL. You will then be asked to
complete an alternative assignment.
8. Take great care that if you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference them,
using the HARVARD referencing system, in you text and any bibliography, otherwise you may be guilty of
plagiarism.
9. If you are caught plagiarising you could have your grade reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be
excluded from the course.

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Student Declaration
I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it as my own
without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means to copy another’s work.
1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.
2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the assignments for this
program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my own, and where
I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding agreement between
myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not attached to the
attached.
Student’s Signature: [e-mail] Date: 30.11.2020
(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)
Assignment Brief

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Student Name /ID Number
Unit Number and Title Unit 10- Web Design and Development
Academic Year 2017/2018
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title Online Library Management System
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
Submission Format:
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.
LO3 Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:

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Assignment Brief
Borrowing books, returning books or viewing the available books at the Library of the Lowa State University
is currently done manually.
Online Library Management System supports to overcome the above-mentioned problems. This system
would be used by members who may be students or professors of that University to check the availability
of the books and borrow the books., The librarian can update the member details and the book lending
details.
Online Library Management System will include the following information.
 The librarian, students and the professors can register and login to the system
 Any of the above users can update their profile details including the password
 The authorized users can reserve a book for 24hours
 The authorized users can check book availability
 The librarian can check the member status and update the lending details (If the book is for the
lending)
 The system allows the Librarian to create the books catalog, add/delete books and maintain the
books catalog.
 The librarian can update the book return details
 The librarian can calculate the fine for the late returns if necessary
 The users can search the books according to the categories (Novels, Frictions, etc.)
Task 1 - Server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites
(LO1)
1.1 Differentiate the communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
1.2 Define the types of DNS and the uses of it, with clarifications on how domain names are structured.
1.3 Analyze the effect of search engines on website performance. Provide evidence-based support for
improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
1.4 Identify and explain the common web development technologies and frameworks. Explain the tools
and techniques chosen to the web application and hence justify, by giving reasons, why a web
application is suitable for the given scenario.

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Task 2 - Categories website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites (LO2)
2.1 Define the relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how the
front-end and the back-end relate to presentation and application layers.
2.2 Critically compare the different between online website creation tools and custom-built sites.
Consider Followings: design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and
User Interface (UI).
2.3 Compare and contrast the tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom-built web
Applications.
Task 3 - Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a
multipage website (LO3)
3.1 Design a suitable web application solution for the given scenario. Provide evidences of the design,
multipage website supported with fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user requirements.
Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards and guidelines to produce a branded,
multipage website supported with realistic content.
Note - Synthesize client and the server-side functionalities in the proposed design
3.2 Implement the designed system using PHP, JS and MySQL. Screenshots of important code lines with
proper comments and user interfaces filled with sample data must be attached to the
documentation. Apply a database design for the proposed system and provide the well normalized
database design of the proposed system.
3.3 Critically evaluate the web design and development process against your design document and
analyse any technical challenges you faced in development.

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Task 4 - Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website
(LO4)
4.1 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was implemented during your
design and development stages.
QA process is expected to discover design issues and development errors while testing a
product’s user interface (UI) and gauging the user experience (UX).
4.2 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of the overall success of your
multipage website; use this evaluation to explain any areas of success and provide justified
recommendations for areas that require improvement.
4.3 Prepare a user documentation to properly guide the users of the implemented system.
Note: User documentation should be simple and understandable by anyone. Use screenshots and
provide stepwise guidance.

Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with
hosting and managing websites
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how
domain names are organized and managed.
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication
protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software
with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and
frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and
management.
M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and
provide evidence-based support for improving a
site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom built
website.
LO2 Categories website technologies, tools and
software used to develop websites
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-
end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation
and application layers.

P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and
custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).
M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and
develop a custom built website.
LO3 Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques
with good design principles to create a multipage
website
P5 Create a design document for a branded, multipage website supported
with medium fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user
requirements.
P6 Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards and
guidelines to produce a branded, multipage website supported with
realistic content.
M4 Compare and contrast the multipage website created to the design
document.
D2 Critically evaluate the design and development process against your
design document and analyse any technical challenges.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the
performance and design of a multipage website
P7 Create a suitable Test Plan identifying key performance areas and
use it to review the functionality and performance of your website.
M5 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was
implemented during your design and development stages.

D3 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of
the overall success of your multipage website; use this evaluation to
explain any areas of success and provide justified recommendations for
areas that require improvement.

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Observation Sheet
Activity
No
Activity Learning
Outcome
Feedback
(Pass/ Redo)
1 Explain server technologies and
management services associated with
hosting and managing websites.
LO1
2 categorize website technologies,
tools and software used to develop
websites.
LO2
3 Utilize website technologies, tools
and techniques with good design
principles to create a multipage
website.
LO3
4 Create and use a Test Plan to review
the performance and design of a
multipage website.
LO4
Assessor Name :…………………………………………….
Date :…………………………………………….
Assessor Signature :…………………………………………….
Comments:

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Task 01
1.1
1.1.1. Web communication protocols
These protocols define the digital message formats and role. Communication protocols play a major role in
telecommunications system since hey create consistency and universality for the sending and receiving of
messages (Techopedia.com, 2011). The following are the web communication protocols used nowadays.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
This is used to communicate over a network. This protocol divides the message into series of packets which
are sent from source destination joined together in destination (W3schools.in, 2020).
Internet Protocol (IP)
This is the addressing protocol which is used mostly in TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing
them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular
protocol connecting the networks (W3schools.in, 2020).
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
This protocol helps transfer program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents from one machine to
another (W3schools.in, 2020).
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
The purpose of this protocol is transferring hypertext between systems. This protocol follows client – server
principal which allow a client system for establishing a connection with the server machine for making a
request. The server will identify this request and respond to it.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
This protocol provides a secure connection among two computers one using the browser and other fetching
data from web server. The transferring process is similar to HTTP in this protocol but in an encrypted format.
1.1.2. Web server hardware and software
A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to
respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The primary purpose of the web server is to
display website content. These servers support SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File
Transfer Protocol), used for email, file transfer and storage (Margret, R. 2017)
The server will be connected to internet and allows the devices to access it while software control how user
access the files in the server (Margret, R. 2017)
When a browser requests a page from a web server, the process will follow a series of steps. As the first step,
the person should specify a URL in a web browser's address bar. The web browser will then obtain the IP

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address of the domain name by either translating the URL through DNS (Domain Name System) or by
searching in its cache. This will bring the browser to a web server. The browser will then request the specific
file from the web server by an HTTP request. The web server will respond, sending the browser the requested
page, again, through HTTP. If the requested page does not exist or if something goes wrong, the web server
will respond with an error message. The browser will then be able to display the webpage (Margret, R. 2017).
1.1.3 Server operating systems
Apache HTTP Server
This is developed by Apache Software Foundation. Apache HTTP server is a free and open source web
server which can be used in Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, Solaris and other operating systems. But to
use this apache license is necessary (Margret, R. 2017).
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS).
This is developed by Microsoft for Microsoft platforms. IIS is not open sourced like Apache HTTP server
but widely used (Margret, R. 2017).
Nginx.
Ngnix is a popular open source web server for administrators. The major benefits of this server light resource
utilization and scalability. Event-driven architecture of this server can handle many concurrent sessions.
Nginx also can be used as a proxy server and load balancer (Margret, R. 2017).
Lighttpd.
A free web server that comes with the FreeBSD operating system. Lighttpd acts fast and secure, while
consuming less CPU power (Margret, R. 2017).
Sun Java System Web Server.
A free web server from Sun Microsystems that can run on Windows, Linux and Unix. It is well-equipped to
handle medium to large websites (Margret, R. 2017).
1.2
IP address
The common purpose of IP address is that it helps to identify a specific hardware in the network. Using IP
address, devices can have a communication through internet protocol system such as internet. The common
structure of an IP address is mentioned below,
235.202.22.232
IP address is what provides an identity to networking devices. Its work just as physical address. Physical
address separate houses and building, likewise IP address separate network devices from each other by giving

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them a unique identity. IP address to have its own variations such as private, public, static and dynamic
(UKEssays.com, 2019).
DNS
In simple words DNS is the phonebook of internet. The humans search websites through domain names and
internet browsers get them through their IP address. In this process it’s the DNS which translates the domain
names into IP address. With the help of DNS humans don’t need to memorize the IP address which are
complicated long numbers.
The process of DNS is very simple. It will turn the domain name such as www.example.com into the IP
address such as 192.168.1.1. the IP address is very important to find the appropriate device in the internet.
When a user wants to load a webpage, a translation must occur between what a user types into their web
browser (example.com) and the machine-friendly address necessary to locate the example.com webpage. To
understand this procedure more clearly it is necessary to understand the four DNS servers (Cloudflare, 2021).
DNS Recursor - The recursor can be thought of as a librarian who is asked to go find a particular book
somewhere in a library. The DNS recursor is a server designed to receive queries from client machines
through applications such as web browsers. Typically, the recursor is then responsible for making additional
requests in order to satisfy the client’s DNS query (Cloudflare, 2021).
Root nameserver - The root server is the first step in translating (resolving) human readable host names into
IP addresses. It can be thought of like an index in a library that points to different racks of books - typically
it serves as a reference to other more specific locations (Cloudflare, 2021).
TLD nameserver - The top level domain server (TLD) can be thought of as a specific rack of books in a
library. This nameserver is the next step in the search for a specific IP address, and it hosts the last portion
of a hostname (In example.com, the TLD server is “com”) (Cloudflare, 2021).
Authoritative nameserver - This final nameserver can be thought of as a dictionary on a rack of books, in
which a specific name can be translated into its definition. The authoritative nameserver is the last stop in
the nameserver query. If the authoritative name server has access to the requested record, it will return the
IP address for the requested hostname back to the DNS Recursor (the librarian) that made the initial request.
(Cloudflare, 2021).
The domain name structure
Every domain name is structured according to the hierarchical structure of the domain name system.

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Fig 1: Hierarchical domain tree
The above image shows how domain name is divided according to the hierarchy. In the domain name is
www.google.com, www is the third level domain, google is the second level domain and .com is the first
level domain and root label in top which is empty (IONOS Inc, 2016).
Root label
This is the first level of hierarchy and empty to the online users. But this is important to record in the servers
to save the domain name as a fully qualified one (IONOS Inc, 2016).
Top level domain
There are TLDs available such as .com, .org and country specific such as .lk, .uk and.in. TLDs are operated
as sponsored top-level domains from special interest groups or businesses (IONOS Inc, 2016).
Second level domain
Any name can be chosen for the second level domain. An NIC-accredited private sector register is normally
responsible for name allocation for business to customer purposes (IONOS Inc, 2016).
Third level domain
In an FQDN these are placed in front of the second-level domain. By including a third-level domain, you
can define a sub-address, which separates different sections from each other. Domain owners have the
possibility to provide other landing pages, services, or servers (IONOS Inc, 2016).

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Task 02
2.1
Frontend
Front end is the part of the website where users can directly interact. This includes everything that user can
see, touch and experience. This is all about the graphical user interface buttons, images, navigation menus
and so on. A better user experience in terms of design and ease of use can be attributed to the frontend
development and it’s the job of the web designer to well, design websites. HTML, CSS and JavaScript used
in frontend development (Sagar, 2018).
Backend
This is the server-side of the website which user cannot see and interact. Backend is all about the functions
of the website simply how the website works. Unlike frontend, it runs on the server side but communicates
with the frontend to ensure everything works fine. The languages we use in the backend side are Java, PHP,
Ruby, Python, SQL and JavaScript (Sagar, 2018).
Differences of frontend and backend
Frontend Backend
Client side of the application Server side of the application
Users can directly interact Users cannot directly interact
Includes the visual aspects of the scenario Includes a web server that communicates with a
database to serve requests from frontend
Developed using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Java, PHP, Ruby, Python, SQL and JavaScript
The front-end and the back-end relate to presentation and application layers
Presentation layer which is mainly contains the view elements and controllers of the application. In simple
words this is the user interface by using HTML, CSS and PHTML. This is how presentation layer and front
end is related since both state about the interface which user can directly interact (Magento.com, 2019).
Application layer focus on end-user services, which helps to facilitate process-to-process connections over
Internet protocol. This layer contains view elements, logics and functionalities of the web site. In this layer
backend languages such as Java, PHP, Ruby, Python and JavaScript are used. This is how back end and
application layer connected since both have same qualities such as user can not directly interact and contains
logics and functionalities (Magento.com, 2019).

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2.2
Online web creation tools help us to build websites without manually coding it. Custom built sites are already
built sites which we can edit and use for our purpose.
Critirea Web creation tools Custom-built sites
Design User can choose only from
available templates, design and
font
Can design in the way designer
wish.
User interface and experience Not much effective user
interface and experience.
High effective user interface and
experience.
Performance low loading speed High loading speed
Better SEO Limited SEO tools Designers can use planning,
keyword research, sitemap
creation and a variety of other
tools.
(ice cube digital, 2020).
Task 03
3.1.1
Sketches

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3.1.2
Wireframes
Main page
Books page
Users page

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3.1.3
User requirements
According to John Parker (2012), user requirements are the needs of the users and which describe what users
do with the system. These requirements define what activities user must be able to perform. This is a primary
thing in a creating are the system requirements. These requirements are documented in User Requirements
Documents (URD) which will be in normal and understandable language to make it understandable to the
users. These requirements must be fulfilled in order to provide what customers actually needed. Following are
the user requirements of online library management tool,
The users should be able to register and login to the system, users should be able to update their details through
the system, users should be able to request librarian to borrow book through the system, the librarian should
be able to check book availability, the librarian can check the member status and update the lending details,
the librarian should be able to create the books catalog, add/delete books and maintain the books catalog, the
librarian can update the book return details, the librarian can calculate the fine for the late returns if necessary
and the users can search the books according to the categories.
System requirements
According to Jacob (2015), system requirements defines the functionalities of the system which are necessary
to fulfil user requirements. Unlike user requirements system requirements are written with technical terms
since its written for the developers. They define the characteristics of the system more clearly than the user
requirements. These requirements are documented in System required Specification which will be the basic
document for designing the document. Following are the system requirements of online library management
system,
A login page should be created to enter username and password to login, there should be an update page where
users can update their details, only the librarian should have accessibility to user and lending pages, only the
librarian should have access to add, update and delete in the books page other authorized users can only view
and request books, there should be a search bar to search books according to the name and category and finally
there should be separate table to update the lending and fine details of the book.

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3.1.3
Interfaces
Main page
Books page
Users page

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Code snippets
Books page

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Users page

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Index page

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3.2.2
Database for online library management tool

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Books table
Lending table
Role table
Use case diagram

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Activity 04
Test plan
Add new book
Test data Expected result Actual result
Title = test
Author = test
Type = novel
Details added to the
system without any
errors
Data added successfully

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Availability = available
Update book details
Test data Expected result Actual result
Change availability of
book id 05
Display message saying
successfully updated
Successfully updated
message displayed
Delete book details
Test data Expected result Actual result
Delete book ID 05 Book removed from the
system
Book removed from the
system.
Add new user
Test data Expected result Actual result
name = test
email =
[e-mail]
contact =0112233445
Details added to the
system without any
errors
Data added successfully

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Update new user
Test data Expected result Actual result
Change availability of
user id 03
Display message saying
successfully updated
Successfully updated
message displayed
Delete user details
Test data Expected result Actual result
Delete user ID 03 user removed from the
system
User removed from the
system.
User manual
Login to the system
Step 1: Press the login button in the top right corner of the system
Step 2: type the correct username and password and press login

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If the login is successful you will be redirected to the home page, and the username will be displayed
Operations in the books page
Adding a new book
Step 1: select add new book button in the bottom of the page
Step 2: now fill the form with accurate detail and press the save button

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Once you do this successfully you can see the book in the books page.
Updating the details of the existing book
Step 1: press the pencil icon in blue color of the book you want to edit then it will redirect to the form
Step 2: change the details you wish to change and press update

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Step 3: if the process is successful you will get an alert message and press ok in that
Deleting a new book
Step 1: press the delete icon of the book you wish to delete
Step 2: press ok in the alert box
Searching the book according to the category

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Type the category and press search button.
Once you press search books on that category will be shown
Users page
Adding a new user
Step 1: press the add new user button
Step 2: use the form with appropriate details

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Once the inserting process is successful you can see the new entry in the bottom of the page

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References
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