Effect of Online Voting System: A Comprehensive Research Report

This report investigates the effect of online voting systems, focusing on their benefits, challenges, and proposed architecture. It begins with an introduction to online voting and its advantages over traditional methods, such as convenience and reduced congestion. The report then delves into the existing voting system's problems, including high costs, paper-based processes, data entry errors, and limited voter access. It proposes an online voting architecture with voter registration, authentication, and vote recording servers, with the potential for biometric integration, specifically fingerprint scanning, to enhance security. The literature review covers the concept of voting, problems with existing systems, and the advantages of online voting. The research methodology outlines the approach, design, and data analysis methods. The report concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future work, emphasizing the importance of online voting in modern democracies. This assignment is a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and challenges of online voting systems.

Running head: EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Effect of online voting system
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................4
1.2 Problem statement.............................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Aim, Objectives and research questions............................................................5
1.4 Research Structure............................................................................................................5
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................6
2.1 Concept of Voting..................................................................................................................6
2.2 Problems with existing voting system...................................................................................8
2.3 Proposed architecture of voting systems...............................................................................9
2.4 Advantages of online voting system....................................................................................12
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................14
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................14
3.2 Method Outline....................................................................................................................14
3.3 Research Philosophy/Paradigm...........................................................................................15
3.4 Research Approach..............................................................................................................17
3.5 Design of the Research........................................................................................................18
3.6 Methods for the gathering of the information......................................................................19
3.7 Analysis of the information.................................................................................................20
3.8 Sampling..............................................................................................................................20

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3.9 Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................21
Chapter 4: Data Findings and Analysis.........................................................................................23
4.1 Quantitative data analysis....................................................................................................23
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................31
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................31
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................32
5.3 Future Work.........................................................................................................................32
References......................................................................................................................................34

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
Online voting system has been an online technique by which voting can be done with other
facilities including online registration systems. These systems might help in casting vote through
online systems. The Online Voting System (OVS) is a term that has been incorporating in
different types of voting embracing both electronic means of counting votes (Kaliyamurthie et al.
2013). It includes transmission of ballots and votes with the help of telephones, private computer
networks with virtual private networks (VPNs). Online voting has been an electronic way of
selecting leaders with the help of internet applications. The advantage of online voting over
common queue method has been that voters have their choice of free time and reduced
congestion in the queue. It helps in saving time of the voters during poll systems (Springall et al.
2014). Democracy has been an important part of the country. It has been a delicate process that
has been the subject of different disturbances with fraud citizens. The electorate process used to
be done with electorate representatives. The existing system has been consist of paper based
voting system. There have been several issues faced in the existing voting system including fraud
cases in counting votes. Therefore, this research has been done on identifying the benefits of the
online voting system (Agarwal and Pandey 2013).
1.2 Problem statement
The main problem of the existing voting system has been related to errors in counting of
votes. There has been various issues and challenges faced by the voting council of the nation.
There have been different perspectives of citizens of nation during voting processes. The existing

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physical voting system has been creating issues related to malfunctioning and misuse of the
votes.
1.3 Research Aim, Objectives and research questions
The aim of the research has been based on identifying benefits of online voting system.
Following are objectives of this research:
 To identify issues in the existing voting system
 To analyze benefits of online voting system
 To recommend strategies for enhancing the use of online voting system
Following are research questions:
 What issues are faced in the existing voting system?
 What are benefits of online voting system?
 How to enhance use of existing voting system?
1.4 Research Structure
Figure 1: Research Structure
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Chapter 4: Data Findings and Analysis
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommnedation

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(Source: Created by author)
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Voting
As commented by Wolchok et al. (2012), voting has been an important part of a
democratic country including the UK. Voting has been helping in providing proper evidence for
selecting a government in the country. Voting has been helping in maintaining a keen approach
in the development of the country. The main permit of voting systems has been prepared in
order to select right candidate for governing the country in a managed way. The UK government
has been able to shine in their country with proper decision and rules under their governance.
However, voting systems have not been settled properly in the country (Gritzalis 2012). The
study and analysis of the voting systems does not helps in providing proper solutions to the
issues faced in the systems. Therefore, comparing voting systems have been a political tasks in
the matter of concern. The political parties in the country need to be essentially active in their
work. This create a positive effect on development of the country and its constituencies. The
existing voting systems have been followed for many years back. It has been based on paper
voting system.
As commented by Halderman and Teague (2015), paper-based voting system are systems
that include electronic mean of tabulation has been used for counting paper ballots. Votes used to
be casted and marked on paper ballots with the help of hands using marking devices and an
electronic tabulation has been used for counting. This help in speeding up process of counting
and not only provide less manual work including less error related to human failure. There have
been use of punch cards for handing the technology that helps in maintaining a keen approach in
the development of the votes in the system. The punch card has been a sorting and tabulation

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equipment which was invented by statistician Herman Hollerith in 1890 (Hanifatunnisa and
Rahardjo 2017). It was used at that time in US Census and later developed for scientific and
commercial purposes. The components of the punch card system have been provided in the
below figure.
Figure 2: A punching device to punch holes in a punch card
(Source: Katakis et al. 2012)
This device helps in punching data and information on cards. There have been different
decks of punched cards a card collator machine and can sort different cards. The punch cards
have been stiff cards and paper strips that have been punched accordingly for a certain value or
designation. As per research done by Powell et al. (2012), punch cards have been used for input
data for processing in various electromechanical devices including tabulation machines and unit
record equipment that have been used before invention of modern electronic computers. These

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machines have been functioning of sensing punched holes with either electrical or optical
sensors. As argued by Walake and Chavan (2015), the traditional voting has been creating issues
with accuracy of voting. There have been various human error during counting of votes. This has
been creating issues with winning wrong political party in the voting procedure (Paul and
Anilkumar 2012). Additionally, most of the voters are not able to come to the voting centre and
cast their votes. Most eligible students do not have time to come to voting centre due to their
university studies and other personal work. Therefore, the number of votes casting have been
decreasing continuously. Therefore, this research has helped in proposing a new voting
architecture to minimize these challenges in the voting systems.
2.2 Problems with existing voting system
The existing voting system has been facing a lot of issues in the scenario. Some of these issues
have been described below:
Expensive and Time Consuming: The data collection process and entering this data into
database has been a difficult process and takes time and cost. Both time and money is spend on
printing data capture forms, in making registration stations together with the help of human
resources (Kshetri and Voas 2018).
Too much paper work: This process involves many paper work and storage of paper has
been becoming bulky and difficult. The paper work create a lot of human errors during
calculation. There have been many miscalculation faced in the counting of votes in this method.
Errors in data entry: As commented by Walake and Chavan (2015), errors have been part
of all human beings. Therefore, it has been very unlikely for humans to get 100 percent efficient
in data entry.

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Loss of registration forms: Eventually, registration forms used to get lost after being
filled in with voter’s details and difficult to take follow up. Therefore, many remain unregistered
even though they have been voting age nationals and interested in exercising their right to vote.
Short time provided to view the voter register: This has been a big issue as people have
free time during short period of time for checking and updating voter register (Osgood 2016).
2.3 Proposed architecture of voting systems
The proposed architecture has been online voting system. There have been three models in the
architecture:
 Voter registration server
 Authentication server
 Vote recording and casting server
In voter registration server, voter will register themselves with their personal information and
biometric data including thumb impression. Only registered users have been allowed to vote at
the time of election (Traunmueller and Fatah gen Schieck 2013).

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Figure 3: Architecture of Online Voting System
(Source: Pan, Hou and Ansari 2012)
The user have to register at first in the online voting system. This he in sending all
information of voter to the server of the registration portal. The login portal used to validate this
information for accessing the portal. Therefore, only registered users can cast their vote online.
The vote directly goes to the vote recording and casting server where it is stored in the database.
This architecture can be enhanced with utilizing biometrics in the system.
As commented by Alaguvel and Gnanavel (2013) fingerprint scanning has been an
essential security approach to be connected in the online voting system. It helps in identifying
user with the help of their unique fingerprint. The real fingerprint identification process have
been changing with variety of products and systems. Standard systems have been compromised

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with a sensor for scanning a fingerprint and a processor storing fingerprint database and software
comparing with the fingerprint to predefined database. As commented by Pan, Hou and Ansari
(2014), fingerprint recognition has been helping in describing process of obtaining a digital
representation of a fingerprint and comparing with the stored digital version of fingerprint.
Electronic fingerprint scanners capturing digital pictures of fingerprints based on light reflections
of finger ridges and valleys. These pictures used to be processed with digital templates
containing unique extracted features of finger. These fingerprints can be stored in the databases
and utilized replacing traditional passwords for secure access (Kling et al. 2015). Instead of
typing a password, user place their finger on an electronic scanner. The scanner used to read the
digital prints of finger and matches it with the predefined stored in databases.
Figure 4: Fingerprint scanner
(Source: Yang et al. 2018)

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Figure 5: The Enrolment process
(Source: Olaniyi et al. 2013)

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Figure 6: The Verification Process
(Source: Olaniyi et al. 2013)
2.4 Advantages of online voting system
As commented by Duggan and Smith (2013), there have been various frauds and issues
in the existing voting system. In the UK context, the British system of casting votes in election
has been relatively unchanged since the Ballot Act 1872 (Dhillon et al. 2019). Elections have
been conducted by Returning Officers on constituency to constituency based upon reputation for
accuracy, fairness and integrity. Registration for voting has been necessary required by law
(Cortier, Gaudry and Glondu 2019). Public confidence in the integrity of voting processes has
been high and this legitimacy upon elected and representative bodies. However, online voting

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system has been an important aspect in the voting systems. Online voting systems have been
helping in maintaining a keen approach in the dependency of the political party to far voting
system. Online voting system has been working based on internet. Therefore, it helps in
providing freedom of place and time. The access to internet can be available from anywhere and
anytime (Sayyad et al. 2019).

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Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
The determination of methodology towards the exploration should be chosen so as to
accomplish the satisfaction of the true objectives, which would surely act as a consolation to the
prerequisites of the research at the current circumstance. Determination of a legitimate approach
identified with the structure of the research serves the expert for choosing the way for the
exploration and lets the investigator to work in a canny way. The framework with respect to the
system of the venture fills in as a necessary and significant job towards the fruitful fulfillment of
the task. The reliance of the achievement rate of the task exceedingly relies upon the chose
technique for the venture. Philosophies for the research are unequivocal in nature and it causes
the investigator to choose about the method for investigation that ought to be suitable for the
exploration and decides the consequence of the exploration directed. There are sure limitations
that carry on as a boundary for the venture and the strategy recognizes them and evacuate them
and make how will be sans hindrance and will meet the necessities and the objective outcomes.
3.2 Method Outline
The business related to the investigation required for the task is taken after Positivism
philosophical perspective that will be required for coordinating the business related to the
research for the venture. The framework that has been decided for the undertaking has both
expressive and deductive methodologies (Alvesson and Sköldberg 2017). The investigation for
the task was finished utilizing mix system and the combination of the two sorts of data that is
abstract and quantitative is accomplished for the research. The information that has been
gathered for the exploration is finished by study surveys among the test with respect to

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probability and non-probability perspectives. The example that has been gathered for the
research is from 50 workers on the setting of the research as a probability test.
3.3 Research Philosophy/Paradigm
Contemplating crafted by Brown and Stowers (2013), rationale behind the research is
being viewed as a critical parameter and perspective from fundamental viewpoint that prepares
the examiner and produced for the arrangement of the exploration. Trails have been made by
authorities for explanation and building up connection between the parts and events by the
utilization of reasonable interpretation. The authority utilized a few guidelines identified with
theory and they are – Interpretivism, Positivism, Authenticity and Pragmatism. The perspective
identified with positivism gives the investigator a direction where the systematic errands are
being performed and associations in logical viewpoint are being found by the expert that will
make the examiner go to the derivation that will be certified in nature (Bauer 2014).
Interpretivism manages the administration of the parts identified with humanism and depicts
them in the manner by which they appear to be. This character is threatening to the character of
positivism and with the analyst outline there is immediate reliance of the referenced character.
The subjects are given its regular credits by the validness perspective and makes the
examiner kept to recreation assembling and carries the focus to the outline, being real in nature
for the parts that are normal. The flightiness of the social viewpoints and inference that will be
reasonable in nature are upheld by the characteristic of common sense. This perspective acts as
an interface for the other two perspectives and they are positivism and interpretivism. The
research strategy that is being utilized in any exploration is in charge of uncovering the
connection between the learning assurances and the analyst who is leading the research
(Alvesson and Sköldberg 2017). The differing points of any exploration are being checked by the

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analyst and are being portrayed with the assistance of couple of viewpoints, unmistakable in
nature, and they are reasoning advertisement axiology. Axiology is in charge of the
administration of the ethical measures and ontological framework is in charge of the
administration of examiner doubt (Brinkmann 2014)).
3.3.1 Justification for Selecting Positivism
Positivism was the perspective in philosophical viewpoint that was picked to execute
effective investigation of the venture. The rational perspective and affiliation determination is
being sponsored by this perspective and the support is finished by the assistance of gauges of
numerical. Figuring hypothesis and working up associations among the factors are empowered
for the most part by this perspective under the given research. Interpretivism, being unmistakable
in nature, without any respects to the settlement of the issues of the research, gives the dispute
through the rationale. These are the essential explanations for picking of the positivism
perspective (Saunders et al. 2009). In the area of writing audit of the exploration paper, a few
hypotheses are talked about which managed various elements of thee styles identified with
authority and duty in regards to the inspiration of the workers. Contingent on the discoveries in
the writing segment, the gathering of information for the research is being finished. A poll that
will be shut finished in nature will be utilized so as to play out the review for the accumulation of
the information for the research. The advancement of the survey will be finished holding all the
hypothetical factors under thought that are found in the writing audit segment of the paper (Choy
2014). After the culmination of the study, the information that will be gathered will be carried
under correlation with the discoveries from the writing audit segment of the paper and the finish
of the investigation will be drawn from the research.

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3.4 Research Approach
Concentrates by Dang and Pheng (2015) gave the sign that there are two remarkable
classes under which the methodology that has been utilized by the scientist so as to play out the
investigation can be ordered. Different motivations behind the undertaking can be served by
these two novel classes named as Inductive and Deductive type of strategies (Bauer 2014). The
portrayal of the events and parts are being taken over by the inductive type of methodology.
Recognition relying upon theory of models are being figured by the scientist and it is empowered
by delineation. Testing of the present framework, theoretical in nature, is provoked by the
utilization of hypothesis plan.
There is a whole uniqueness present in the deductive procedure when contrasted with
inductive procedure while setting up a connection between them. A structure in theoretical
arrangement is being picked in this structure and making sense of theory is done so as to frame a
relationship and the variables those were under idea, an affiliation is being develop between
them furthermore. A preliminary of the hypothesis is being done, which is being helped by
careful data and the impression of model observation is seen over the data of the analysis. The
relationship establishment among the components is being allowed by this structure alongside
the correspondence propensity (Brown and Stowers 2013).
3.4.1 Usage of Deductive methodology and its Justification
The deductive structure has been selected the present research because of its arrangement
of help to the exploration. The impression of inclination is the essential subject occasion for the
methodology of inductive nature and furthermore the utilization of inductive methodology
neglects to give an explanation that would clarify every one of the subtleties plainly. The issues
that are revealed and the extents of such issues gets an illogical methodology and the

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administration of such issues fall under the hover of human confinement (Brinkmann 2014).
Constraint ought to be set apart for the investigation issues and the time required for the
investigation. The verification that can recognize the issues for the investigation and the
administration of such issues is conceivable in the event of the research being finished. The
variables those are second rate in nature before the research could be thought about by the
authority so as to reach a determination to the relationship among such factors and a canny
explanation of the events are seen that are being finished with the data help of the test (Choy
2014). Rationality is the essential normal for the methodology and with the assistance of this
methodology, impediments can be made to the quantity of botches that the venture could
observer in the proper way of time.
3.5 Design of the Research
As from the investigations of Magilvy and Thomas (2009), variety in nature and
relevance can be seen because of utilization of plans of researchs by the investigators. Reliance
of the research of exploratory nature exists in the arrangement of speculative nature that exists
inside the test and its confirmation and explanation (Dang and Pheng 2015). The issues of the
research and the confirmations those are conspicuous for the found issues assumes the job of
leader for the assurance of the technique that will be utilized for the investigation and sets up the
comparability of the framework of the investigation. Featuring of the verification for the
relationship that are conspicuous are being finished by the research of exploratory nature and the
equivalent being done over the substances those are covered up and carries on as an affecting
component for the event or situation. The establishment of the connection between the final
products and conditions is being focused on by the instructive research that is being conveyed for
the undertaking. The heading to the scientist is accommodated the theory test by the exploratory

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plans and furthermore to construe the circumstance that will be altogether founded on the data
from the perception (Popping, 2012). There is a setup structure for the research that is known as
undeniable arrangement and it makes the scientist to deliver a depiction and delineation of the
event of the analysis. The genuine conditions are being grasped by the scientist with the
assistance of individuals' responses and technique of audit.
3.5.1 Descriptive Design and its legitimization
New type of learning and information could be induced by the specialist which is
energized by a reasonable plotting of the venture and the whole undertaking is being directed by
the help of research. The expert additionally gets empowered by this plan so as to make a
delineation of the event and furthermore makes the examiner wonder about the happenings
inside the estimation of the investigation. This structure approach makes the authority to relate
the variables those were under the research and also the topic of the investigation is furnished
with an explanation (Dörnyei 2015). The quantitative technique just as the abstract technique are
brought under the procedure of combination by the expert with the assistance of clear
methodology. The utilization of this system that is mixed between the two research techniques is
done in regard to the utilization of other two strategies together named as inductive and
deductive methodologies. The procedure that is utilized for the exploration accomplishes
endorsement in a cross analytical strategy for the data that has been assembled for the research
and clarity of the issues of the research and notwithstanding it, the issues that has been taken
under idea. Such methodologies by the expert for the exploration makes the investigator to
deliver an exact and abridged presentation and the issues of the research could be fathomed in a
superior way (Dumay and Cai 2015).

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3.6 Methods for the gathering of the information
The gathering of information for the research assumes the most critical job during the time spent
investigation. Saunders et al. (2009), proposed that when the gathering of information is
sufficient then the administration of the research and the extra time that the end is contained with
turns out to be better. Auxiliary information gathering has been chosen for gathering
information. Online diaries and books have been taken for gathering information and data
identified with huge information in computerized advertising.
3.7 Analysis of the information
The essential errand that is being considered is the research of the data and the
dismembered data interpretation gets impacted by the threat that is being made by the errors and
furthermore the end gets affected by the equivalent.
Investigation of the quantitative information – The help of the Likert scale response
makes the examiner to give responses specifically of the surveys given by the example populace
(Dörnyei 2015). There were discoveries of divergent outcomes, dissipated in nature, and they
were changed over into repeat of the response. The rate of such repeats makes the specialist
ready to make diagrams on it to portray the adjustment in rates graphically. The data that has
been addressed in a game plan of incomprehensible way makes the analyst to condense and
accomplish the perspective on induction (Salkind, 2010)

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3.8 Sampling
The techniques that the examiner utilized for the investigation can be of probability or
non-probability nature. The administration of both probability and non-probability looking at is
being finished by the investigation.
Basic Random Sampling Technique: The help of self-assertive arrangement of assessing, which
is direct in nature has been thought about for the determination of the online diaries. This
strategy is utilized for the topping off of the amassing of the subjective data. For the research of
the data of quantitative nature the information that has been gathered are from the representatives
by utilizing the alternative based close-finished overview poll (Saunders et al. 2009).
3.9 Ethical Consideration
In the middle of this exploration the thought of Data Protection Act 1998 has been done
and the declination of the encroachment is additionally done. Guaranteeing and cleaning of the
bearing and good guidelines is finished. The estimations of the example populace is being
overseen by the examiner and verified. The survey is created by maintaining a strategic distance
from the inquiries that could hurt a specific from the example populace (Dumay and Cai 2015).
The whole investigation that has been led by the expert is done solely and every one of the
informations that has been gathered are professed to be valid and no impersonation and extra
assembling of information is done in the whole task. Every one of the sources that has been
alluded to direct the review are likewise professed to be real and the true objectives and the
documentation of the undertaking is additionally done by fending off impersonation of sources
from the whole hover of the investigation (Ledford and Gast 2018). The responses that had no

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proof to demonstrate are precluded from the outcomes and tendency proposals are solidified in
the whole work for the exploration (Humphries 2017). The genuine for the social event of the
data and their exploration and finding is given by the investigator and it has been said that the
majority of the research results and inferences or reasonings are simply weighty in regard of the
fundamental data that has been gathered. Changes in the techniques for control line and out of
line are avoided the undertaking. The example populace that were made to experience the study
poll are being kept out of any concealment or bearings and the closeness of usefulness of the
review is kept up all through the research and the people took part in the study (Jennings et al.
2018). The finishing of the review was finished with the part's resistance and dynamic help. For
the exploration to stay confirmed evasion of practices of deceitful nature is done and the
legitimacy of the research is ensured (Salkind, 2010).

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Chapter 4: Data Findings and Analysis
4.1 Quantitative data analysis
Quantitative analysis has been based on primary method of data collection. Online survey
form has been created for collecting data and information regarding online voting system. There
are 10 close-ended questions related to online voting system.
Question 1: Please specify your gender
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Male 71 71 % 100
Female 29 29 % 100
Figure 4.1.1: Please specify your gender
Analysis: paper-based casting a ballot framework are frameworks that incorporate electronic
mean of organization has been utilized for checking paper polls. Votes used to be casted and set
apart on paper polls with the assistance of hands utilizing checking gadgets and an electronic
arrangement has been utilized for tallying. This assistance in accelerating procedure of tallying

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and not just give less manual work including less mistake identified with human disappointment.
There have been utilization of punch cards for giving the innovation that aides in keeping up a
sharp methodology in the improvement of the votes in the framework. The punch card has been
an arranging and classification hardware which was designed by analyst Herman Hollerith in
1890. It was utilized around then in US Census and later created for logical and business
purposes.
Question 2: Please specify your age
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Below 20 years 10 10 % 100
21-30 years 32 32 % 100
31-40 years 24 24 % 100
41-50 years 19 19 % 100
Above 51 years 15 15 % 100

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Figure 4.1.2: Please specify your age
Analysis: The client need to enlist at first in the internet casting a ballot framework. This he in
sending all data of voter to the server of the enrollment entry. The login entryway used to
approve this data for getting to the gateway. Accordingly, just enrolled clients can make their
choice on the web. The vote legitimately goes to the vote recording and throwing server where it
is put away in the database. This design can be upgraded with using biometrics in the framework.
Question 3: Did you vote in the last election?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 65 65 % 100
No 35 35 % 100
Figure 4.1.3: Did you vote in the last election?
Analysis: These photos used to be prepared with computerized layouts containing one of a kind
removed highlights of finger. These fingerprints can be put away in the databases and used
swapping conventional passwords for secure access (Kling et al. 2015). Rather than composing a

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secret key, client place their finger on an electronic scanner. The scanner used to peruse the
computerized prints of finger and matches it with the predefined put away in databases.
There have been different cheats and issues in the current casting a ballot framework. In the UK
setting, the British arrangement of throwing cast a ballot in decision has been generally unaltered
since the Ballot Act 1872. Decisions have been directed by Returning Officers on voting public
to body electorate dependent on notoriety for exactness, decency and trustworthiness. Enlistment
for casting a ballot has been fundamental legally necessary. Open trust in the honesty of casting a
ballot procedures has been high and this authenticity upon chose and agent bodies.
Notwithstanding, web based casting a ballot framework has been a significant perspective in the
casting a ballot frameworks. Web based casting a ballot frameworks have been helping in
keeping up a sharp methodology in the reliance of the ideological group to far casting a ballot
framework. Web based casting a ballot framework has been working dependent on web. In this
manner, it helps in giving opportunity of spot and time. The entrance to web can be accessible
from anyplace and whenever.
Question 4: Have you ever voted in a federal election?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 65 65 % 100
No 35 35 % 100

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Figure 4.1.4: Have you ever voted in a federal election?
Analysis: The client need to enlist at first in the internet casting a ballot framework. This he in
sending all data of voter to the server of the enrollment entry. The login entryway used to
approve this data for getting to the gateway. Accordingly, just enrolled clients can make their
choice on the web. The vote legitimately goes to the vote recording and throwing server where it
is put away in the database. This design can be upgraded with using biometrics in the framework.
Unique mark checking has been a basic security way to deal with be associated in the web based
casting a ballot framework. It helps in recognizing client with the assistance of their one of a
kind unique finger impression. The genuine unique mark recognizable proof procedure have
been changing with assortment of items and frameworks. Standard frameworks have been
undermined with a sensor for examining a unique mark and a processor putting away unique
finger impression database and programming contrasting with the unique finger impression with
predefined database. Unique mark acknowledgment has been helping in depicting procedure of
getting an advanced portrayal of a unique mark and contrasting and the put away computerized
rendition of finger impression. Electronic unique mark scanners catching advanced pictures of
fingerprints dependent on light impressions of finger edges and valleys.

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Question 5: When you have voted, what have you generally voted for?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Political Party 30 30 % 100
Leader or political
party
33 33 % 100
Local candidate 37 37 % 100
Figure 4.1.5: When you have voted, what have you generally voted for?
Analysis: The information accumulation procedure and entering this information into database
has been a troublesome procedure and requires some serious energy and cost. Both time and cash
is spend on printing information catch shapes, in making enlistment stations together with the
assistance of HR. This procedure includes many desk work and capacity of paper has been
getting to be massive and troublesome. The desk work make a great deal of human mistakes
during figuring. There have been numerous miscount looked in the including of votes in this
technique.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Mistakes have been a piece of every single person. Hence, it has been in all respects far-fetched
for people to get 100 percent effective in information section. Eventually, enlistment structures
used to get lost in the wake of being filled in with voter's subtleties and hard to take
development. Hence, many stay unregistered despite the fact that they have been casting a ballot
age nationals and keen on practicing their entitlement to cast a ballot. This has been a major issue
as individuals have spare time during brief timeframe for checking and refreshing voter register.
Question 6: Should candidates be able to vote online?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 46 46 % 100
No 26 26 % 100
Don’t Know 28 28 % 100
Figure 4.1.6: Should candidates be able to vote online?
Analysis: This gadget helps in punching information and data on cards. There have been various
decks of punched cards a card collator machine and can sort various cards. The punch cards have
been hardened cards and paper strips that have been punched likewise for a specific worth or
assignment. Punch cards have been utilized for information for preparing in different

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
electromechanical gadgets including organization machines and unit record gear that have been
utilized before creation of current electronic PCs. These machines have been working of
detecting punched openings with either electrical or optical sensors. the customary casting a
ballot has been making issues with precision of casting a ballot. There have been different human
blunder during tallying of votes. This has been making issues with winning incorrectly
ideological group in the casting a ballot strategy. Also, the vast majority of the voters are not
ready to go to the casting a ballot focus and cast their votes. Most qualified understudies don't
have room schedule-wise to come to casting a ballot focus because of their college ponders and
other individual work. Along these lines, the quantity of votes throwing have been diminishing
consistently. Hence, this exploration has helped in proposing another casting a ballot engineering
to limit these difficulties in the casting a ballot frameworks.
Question 7: Do you believe there should be a law that requires everyone to vote?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 48 48 % 100
No 31 31 % 100
Don’t Know 21 21 % 100

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Figure 4.1.7: Do you believe there should be a law that requires everyone to vote?
Analysis: Paper-based casting a ballot framework are frameworks that incorporate electronic
mean of organization has been utilized for checking paper polls. Votes used to be casted and set
apart on paper polls with the assistance of hands utilizing checking gadgets and an electronic
arrangement has been utilized for tallying. This assistance in accelerating procedure of tallying
and not just give less manual work including less mistake identified with human disappointment.
There have been utilization of punch cards for giving the innovation that aides in keeping up a
sharp methodology in the improvement of the votes in the framework. The punch card has been
an arranging and classification hardware which was designed by analyst Herman Hollerith in
1890. It was utilized around then in US Census and later created for logical and business
purposes.
Question 8: If voting online was an option, would you choose to use it?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 42 42 % 100
No 25 25 % 100
Don’t Know 33 33 % 100

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Figure 4.1.8: If voting online was an option, would you choose to use it?
Analysis: Casting a ballot has been a significant piece of a popularity based nation including the
UK. Casting a ballot has been helping in giving legitimate proof to choosing a legislature in the
nation. Casting a ballot has been helping in keeping up a sharp methodology in the advancement
of the nation. The primary license of casting a ballot frameworks has been set up so as to choose
right possibility for administering the nation in an oversaw manner. The UK government has had
the option to sparkle in their nation with legitimate choice and standards under their
administration. Be that as it may, casting a ballot frameworks have not been settled appropriately
in the nation (Gritzalis 2012). The investigation and examination of the casting a ballot
frameworks does not helps in giving legitimate answers for the issues looked in the frameworks.
Consequently, contrasting casting a ballot frameworks have been a political undertakings in the
matter of concern. The ideological groups in the nation should be basically dynamic in their
work. This make a beneficial outcome on improvement of the nation and its voting
demographics. The current casting a ballot frameworks have been pursued for a long time back.
It has been founded on paper casting a ballot framework.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Question 9: Do you struggle to find the time to vote on polling day?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 42 42 % 100
No 25 25 % 100
Don’t Know 33 33 % 100
Figure 4.1.9: Do you struggle to find the time to vote on polling day?
Analysis: Vote based system has been a significant piece of the nation. It has been a sensitive
procedure that has been the subject of various aggravations with misrepresentation residents. The
electorate procedure used to be finished with electorate delegates. The current framework has
been comprise of paper based casting a ballot framework. There have been a few issues looked
in the current casting a ballot framework incorporating extortion cases in checking cast a ballot.
Consequently, this exploration has been done on recognizing the advantages of the web based
casting a ballot framework.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Question 10: Do you think that online voting would significantly increase election turnout?
Options Responses Responses % Total Respondents
Yes 47 47 % 100
No 26 26 % 100
Don’t Know 27 27 % 100
Figure 4.1.10: Do you think that online voting would significantly increase election
turnout?
Analysis: Internet casting a ballot framework has been an online method by which casting a
ballot should be possible with different offices including on the web enlistment frameworks.
These frameworks may help in making choice through online frameworks. The Online Voting
System (OVS) is a term that has been joining in various sorts of casting a ballot grasping both
electronic methods for tallying cast a ballot. It incorporates transmission of tallies and votes with
the assistance of phones, private PC systems with virtual private systems (VPNs). Web based
casting a ballot has been an electronic method for choosing pioneers with the assistance of web
applications. The benefit of web based casting a ballot over regular line technique has been that

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
voters have their decision of extra time and diminished blockage in the line. It helps in sparing
time of the voters during survey frameworks.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
It can be concluded that voting plays an important role in the democratic country. Voting
procedure has been helping in settling down all important systems in the country. Electing proper
and right candidate for creating government in the country. Right candidate for government helps
in changing the scenario of the country based on their experience. Opportunities provided by
election has been helping in providing a keen approach to the development if the country. As
mentioned in the literature regarding the issues in the existing voting systems, online voting
system has been an important option for removing these issues. Issues faced by the exiting
voting systems have been related to improper decision making system installed in the
information system. The use ifht existing voting system depends on the vote provided by the
user on e-voting system. Paper based voting system have been creating issues in calculating the
votes casted by citizens. There have been issues in counting number of votes at the time of
results. Human errors have been one of the major cause of issues and challenges in the existing
voting system. The use of online voting system has been helping in minimizing the issues faced
in the existing voting system. According to the survey done in the research, most of the
participants have been willing to use online voting system. Benefits of online voting system has
been reflected in the research. There have been many technical problems in the e-voting system
due to which many errors have been detected. Many voters are not able to reach to voting centre
due to several issues with time. Time management has been an important part of the voting
system. Many voters are not able to cast their votes due ti their offices, business and job.
Therefore, online voting might help in time management in voting procedure. Voters can easily

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
cast their vote over the internet on their official portal. The online portal of the voting electorate
has been helping in maintaining a keen approach in aligning proper results.
5.2 Recommendations
There are some recommendations for improving online voting system mentioned below:
 The Commission recommends for voting at polling stations should remain the main
method of voting in country.
 The Commission recommends about utilizing online voting system. Online portal needs
to be secured with proper security protocols.
 Voting passes for voting over online needs to be properly secured with authentic features.
 Firewalls and antivirus need to be installed on the server and database of the online
voting system. This might help in ensuring security to data and information stored in the
server and database.
 Utilization of advanced technologies including biometric need to be installed over the
portal.
 Proper authentication of voter need to be done that might help in minimizing fraud cases
in the voting scenario.
 Proper maintenance of the server of the voting system needs to be done. The use of
various artificial intelligence technology might help in alerting in case of any fraud in the
server.
 Cyber-attacks need to be handled and restricted properly over the internet.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
5.3 Future Work
This research has focused on issues faced in the existing voting system and implementation of
online voting system. The online voting system has been efficient in minimizing issues in
exiting voting system. The future research might focus in practical implementation of online
voting system with lot of advanced technologies to be integrated with the system. This might
help in securing data and information stored in the online voting system.

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EFFECT OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM
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