Object-Oriented Programming Concepts: A Comprehensive Report

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Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This report explores Object-Oriented Programming concepts.
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The concept of
OOP’s
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Classes.........................................................................................................................................3
Objects:........................................................................................................................................4
Inheritance:..................................................................................................................................4
Abstraction...................................................................................................................................5
Polymorphism..............................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
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Table of figures
Figure 1: Classes..............................................................................................................................5
Figure 2: Objects..............................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Inheritance........................................................................................................................7
Figure 4: Abstraction.......................................................................................................................7
Figure 5: Abstraction 2....................................................................................................................8
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Ta
Introduction
In this course work, the report would contain complete details on the topic Object Oriented
programming and there salient features such as objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and
abstraction would be covered. Their importance will be mentioned with respect to the program
written and why these objects are used in a particular section of code is used and why other
objects aren’t used in their place. To support these answer some screenshots are used and their
explanation is written. The user would get a brief idea of concepts of OOP’s. these objects are
different from each other and have their own importance. After reading the file user would get a
brief knowledge of OOP’s concept and by reading the code the user would understand the
working of these concepts.
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Object-Oriented Programming
These are the logic which is used in a programming language to make the program easier and
makes it more convenient to use the code. There are structured objects which contains unique
attributes which have their own specific behavior. The very first step is to get the knowledge of
the object and in which class are they going to be used. A particular class contains a specific type
of data which has the same logic and sequence. This approach is used to make the code less
complex, and small in size and these classes can be used again and again for the same purpose
(SearchMicroservices, 2019).
Main principles of OOP’s concept are mentioned below.
Classes
The class contains the instance of the object and it forms a structure which comprises of real
values rather than variables. The class can inherit the properties of other classes. The classes
which inherit the properties of another class becomes the superclass or main class and the classes
which are being inherited becomes subclasses. These form a hierarchy of classes (objects, 2019).
Figure 1: Classes
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This figure shows that the classes are being used in the main class by calling their name and
certain values are being returned.
Objects:
Objects are made by certain logic and functions. The very first thing which is made is an object,
they are the process. They decide the behavior of the class and contain the operations. Every
object forms an instance for a particular class. The thing which runs on the computer is an object.
Figure 2: Objects
The above diagram clearly states the objects present in the class and how the class works with
the help of the objects.
Inheritance:
In this superclass can inherit the properties of other classes and this reduces the processing time
and enhance the efficiency of the code. There are 5 types of inheritance which are a single
inheritance, multiple inheritances, and multilevel inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and
hybrid inheritance.
In single inheritance, one to one relation is in between 2 classes. In multiple inheritance single
class can be extended with more than 1 class. In multilevel inheritance, one class can be
extended using several classes. In hierarchical inheritance single class can be used in various
classes. In hybrid inheritance, it is the combination of both multiple inheritance and single
inheritance (Inheritance, 2019).
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Figure 3: Inheritance
In this figure, inheritance is shown in which different classes are called into one. In this figure it
is shown that the code is used again just by calling the name of the class which reduces the size
of the code and code isn’t written again.
Abstraction
This helps to hide the unwanted code and displays the code which is relevant. This helps the
coders to work or make change where is it necessary. Through this technique, the coder hides the
whole program except the part which is going to be used by the user. Data hiding and
encapsulation is also related to abstraction (Abstraction, 2019).
Figure 4: Abstraction
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Figure 5: Abstraction 2
In this screenshots, the information which is useful for the user is only shown and the coding
behind this isn’t shown as coding would be irrelevant to the user. The functionality which the
program is written for is displayed.
Polymorphism
This gives objects the power to take one or more than one form with respect to the context in
which it is going to be used. In this, the variable with the same name can be used to perform
many tasks. In one phase the variable could be used to perform some work and in another phase,
it can be used to perform other work. There are different meanings of polymorphism in different
languages. The language has the ability to distinguish the variable name with the help of the
scope where it is declared (Polymorphism, 2019).
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Conclusion
This file contains a brief introduction on the topic “Object Oriented Programming”. The concepts
are explained using the code which was written in java. There are different types of OOP's
concepts such as classes, inheritance, objects, polymorphism, and abstraction. These are
explained with the help of the screenshots of the java code where these properties were used.
This concept makes the code easy to understand and makes the code less complex. Through this
reportt, the reader would get the brief idea of how the OOP’s concept works and by reading the
code the concepts would be clear.
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References
SearchMicroservices. (2019). What is object-oriented programming (OOP)? - Definition from WhatIs.com.
[online] Available at: https://searchmicroservices.techtarget.com/definition/object-oriented-programming-
OOP [Accessed 12 Apr. 2019].
Objects (2019). [online] Guru99.com. Available at: https://www.guru99.com/java-oops-class-objects.html
[Accessed 12 Apr. 2019].
Polymorphism (2019). Polymorphism in C++ - GeeksforGeeks. [online] GeeksforGeeks. Available at:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/polymorphism-in-c/ [Accessed 12 Apr. 2019].
Inheritance (2019). Object-oriented programming concepts: Inheritance | Adobe Developer Connection.
[online] Adobe.com. Available at:
https://www.adobe.com/devnet/actionscript/learning/oop-concepts/inheritance.html [Accessed 12 Apr.
2019].
Abstraction (2019). OOP Concept for Beginners: What is Abstraction?. [online] Stackify. Available at:
https://stackify.com/oop-concept-abstraction/ [Accessed 12 Apr. 2019].
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