Operating and Management Plan for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station

This report outlines a detailed operating and management plan for an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, specifically targeting Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The plan encompasses key aspects such as location strategy, focusing on areas with high economic potential and optimal traffic flow, and proposes a...Read More

Running head: OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Operating and Management Plan
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
10. Operating Plan
10.1 Location
Based on the penetration level of the technology in Saudi Arabia, the business project will
focus on major cities. However, the first city, to begin with, will be Riyadh which hosts the
economically potential consumers. The product market would be based in this city for the
first launch of the EV charging station. The supply of equipment will not be limited to the
city alone but also those in need of them from other places in Saudi Arabia. The charging
station can be in single place consist of multiple number of parking, government complex,
shopping centres and private companies provided with special connectors as per customer
preferences and need to relevant specification and standard (Al-Awami and Sortomme 2013).
The Electric Charging stations will be distributed across the Riyadh taking the traffic plan
and rout mapping of the city under consideration that will allow the EV riders a flawless ride
without worrying about long distance refilling stations. The initially the distribution of this
refilling stations will be with distances of 20 kilo meter between each pair of charging
stations. It is an average measurement; the distances will be different depending on the traffic
strength of the operating zone (Hafez and Bhattacharya 2017). The distance will be measured
by nonlinear scale while conserving the effective distance covered by road. The following
table shows the positions of the initial distribution of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in
Riyadh.
Name of the area Distance from nearest charging station
Al Urubah Road, 1225 18 Km
AL Azizah Road, 14514 20 Km
Al Madinah Al Munawarah Road, 4870 17 Km
Saud Bin Mohammed Bin Muqrin Rd, 13313 22 Km
Riyadh Rail station, 12844 22 Km
King Abdul Aziz Historical centre, 12613 20 Km
King Saud University. 12371 18.7 Km

2OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Diriyah, 13712 21 Km
King Abdulaziz Road, 13326 17.5 Km
Table 1: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Source: (Created by author)
10.2 Operation Procedures
Initially the business will focus on the charging and products selling operation. The
electrical vehicle charging station will offer charging grounds for electric vehicles owners in
three different levels depending on the length of time they would want their vehicles charged.
The business will also offer various electrical equipment’s and add-ons for electric vehicles
such as the charger plug-in, Hybrid charger, AC to DC adapter, Additional batteries, Power
cord, Battery placement clip and others. The charging station offers three types of charging
technology namely Level 1 charging service, Level 2 Charging service and Level 3 Charging
service. Level 1 and 2 are using alternating current (AC) with different input voltage which
is first technology invented takes long time to charge provide short distance range, level 3 is
using direct current (DC) using fast charging technology provide long distance range. The
pricing policy is main factor to demand charging service can be weekly, monthly or yearly as
flat rates per kilowatt hour (kWh), the base price of service can determine by local electricity
tariff which is set by The Electricity & Co-Generation Regulatory Authority.
The charging system will consist of 3 basic sections namely the main power source,
EVSE and the Industry level J1772 power connecter cord. A utility 240V AC power as well
as will be connected with the Level 1/2 EVSE or Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment. At the
same time, the Level 3 EVSE will be connected with 480 V DC power unit (Bae and
Kwasinski 2012). The AC power source will be regulated from 120 V for level 1 charging
and 240V for level 2. In EVSE the controlling and monitoring device will show the charging
type, used power units (kWh) and remaining power in source power unit. This Monitoring
and controlling device will be connected with the output cord where power cord type and
SAE Combo cord will be used as per the vehicle model. (Wang et al. 2017).

3OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.3 Facilities and Layouts
The Facility and the layout of the EV charging station will be designed as per the
consumer segmentation and the area of distribution. The major regulators of choosing the
appropriate position of the service will be the range of traffic, the number vehicle, the size of
the parking lot, the nearest place of gathering. The position of the station will ensure that it
will be visible clearly from the road and the a EV can easily change the direction to the
Charging station from the direction of ongoing traffic without having any stiff turn or U turn.
The base colour of Level1/3 and Level 3 EVSE will be white where the Level 1/2 will have
the combination of green and the Level 3 will have the combination of blue to make their
purpose visible and easily distinguishable.
Figure 1: Layout map of a charging station
Source: (Taylor-Haw et al. 2013)
Each EV charging station will contain at least 2 Level 1/2 and 1 level 3 EVSE system
situated at the end of perpendicular charging parking lot. The parking lot will have separate
section for larger vehicles like Vans or SUVs. The charging port will be situated on the right
side of each parking plot to cover minimum effective length to reach the charging plug of the
vehicle. The perking space will be both parallel and perpendicular position depending on the
availability of space and density of potential traffic. The main power sources the 240V AC
and 480V DC batteries will be situated at the separated major power distributor system block

4OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
in order to avoid any visibility blockage in parking operation due to the huge size of the
batteries and power distributor.
10.4 Purchasing and Distribution
In order to build this facility each charging station will require at least 1 Level 3 480V
DC EVSE and 2 Level1/2 240V AC EVSE. The facilitating ration of Level1/2 and Level 3
EVSE is 2:1. Therefore, if a station will require 9 charging point, there will be 3 Level 3
charging systems and 6 Level 2 charging system. The requirement of the material will depend
on the size of the charging station and the size of the charging station will depend on the
available area, traffic range and utility ratio of Electric vehicles (Ambrosio et al. 2012). Also,
sales channel to sell product for individual who are demand on their property.
The following table shows the requirement criteria of primary charging stations.
Equipment Specification
EVSE LLC charging system Digital monitoring and controlling system, onboard
power unit kWh counter
EVSE Charger tester AC/DC power charging tester, 10 Amp to 140 Amp
testing capacity
EVSE-PM Data Router-
payment module
Gate ticket system, credit card payment operation,
Automatic billing system, Real time secured monitory
transaction
J1772 charger cables and plugs SAE Combo supported plug in model
EVB- Li battery Fully electric recharging facility and engine connection,
Plug-in Hybrid battery PHEV-compatibility
LLC-PC portable charging
system
Portable charger with extendable cord and adopter
Table: Requirement Criteria of Primary Charging Station
Source: (Ambrosio et al. 2012)

5OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.5 Inventory Management and Control
The inventory management system will be controlled by the main charging station of
Riyadh, which will comprise all the EV equipment’s and EVSE stocks. 25% additional
equipment’s will be facilitated in this main charging station (Liu et al. 2012). As per the
updated stock report from any of the charging stations, the required equipment will be
delivered. An inventory control unit will always keep eye on the stock of all sub-charging
stations across Riyadh. In the main charging station, the stock materials will be collected and
stored. After each importation of charging equipment’s a scheduled checking operation will
be executed on the all inbound materials. It will ensure the quality and functionality of the
product while reducing the occasional instrumental failure rate. For both internal and external
logistics 3PL (Third Party Logistics) will be used with appropriate partnership and
negotiation procedure.
10.6 Quality Control and Customer Service
After proper installation of equipment’s and distribution of stocks the evaluation
procedure will began. Quality control and customer service are two major part of this stage
that will allow the business to make sustainable profit margin with increasing amount of
revenue. The consumer satisfaction will be the major concern and for this, a mobile app will
be developed and will be available in play-store and app-store

6OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure: Illustration of mobile app
Source: (RFID Journal)
It will guide the potential customer to reach the nearest charging station (Tang et al.
2012). Apart from that customer can give online review and feedback on the price,
accessibility, consumer care for each charging station as per their experience. It will help to
monitor the customer satisfaction factors while maintain a constant improvement procedure
of the existing facilities.
To ensure the privacy and security of digital monetary transaction a peer to peer
temporary monetary transaction system will be developed for each transaction. Both prepaid
system and post-paid cash in hand facility will be available in each charging station, to make
a comfortable monetary system for the customers. Apart from that the quality of add-on
products such as portable adopters, extension cords and batteries will be tested as per
standard to ensure the functionality of the product.
10.7 Determining breakeven point

7OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Break Even Analysis
Fixed cost Amount (SR) per year
Material 22,800,000
Salary 450,000
Office rental 70,000
Charging parking rental 148,500
Advertising 200,000
System 60,000
Depreciation 27,000
Variable cost Amount (SR)
Utility 39,000
Operation and maintenance 41,000
Total 23,835,500
Operation income
Equipment sales 23,700,000 Per year
Charging station 2,582,798 Per year
Total 26,282,798
Based to above cost and operation income that shows business expect to break even at the
end of first year.

8OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
11. Management Plan:
11.1 Managerial structure of business
The structure of the business will consists of 3 major managerial sections namely
Operational Management, Human Resource management and Facility administration. The
logistics operation, sales and consumer service, marketing and promotion and accounts will
be under the operational Management department. The purpose of the Human Resource
Management will be to recruit new candidates as employees and will train them adequately
for their duty and operations (Dong, Liu and Lin 2014). The department of Facility
administration will manage the maintenance services of all the charging stations including
electrical testing, equipment repairing, fixing and cleaning.
All the managers of 3 departments will operate the employees and business operation
from the main charging station and business office. To improve the quality of service and the
performance of the employee recognition and awarding system will be initiated. The accounts
department will be responsible for all financial operation including budget planning, payroll
and other operations of accounting.

9OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2: Organisational Management Structure
Source: (Created by author)
11.2 Qualification and experience of Team members
The selection of the candidate and recruitment of employees will compliance with
some crucial criteria based selection system in order to ensure the expertise and competence
level of the recruited workforce. The following table will present the required experience and
qualification of team members.
Name of the
candidates
Position of
employment
Qualifications Experiences
Rustle Peter Sales and consumer
service
Communication skill,
knowledge in consumer
behaviour, knowledge
2 to 5 years of
Experience in sales
department in any
Business Director
Operation
Management
Supply and
distribution
Marketing and
promotion
Sales and
consumer
relation
Accounts
Human Resource
Management
Facility and
administration
Electrician
Sweeper
General manager

10OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
on charging equipment
operation
fuelling industry
Abdul Al-zubeen Marketing and
Promotion
Presentation skill,
Knowledge in market
research, Knowledge in
digital marketing
At least 1 year of
experience in
marketing and
promotion,
Experience in digital
marketing
Amir Azhram Logistics team
members
Negotiation skill,
knowledge in supply
chain and distribution
operation, driving
licence, Knowledge on
electrical equipment
markets
2 to 5 years of
experience in supply
chain and
distribution,
experience in logistic
transportation
Nusrat Wahabe Accounts department Knowledge in finance,
knowledge in business
operation and payroll
system
At least one year of
experience in
accounts
David Macaw Electrical and
maintenance
Knowledge in electrical
charging equipment’s
At least 2 years if
Experience in EV
industry
Asraf Kalaam Cleaning Not required Not Required
11.3 Introducing the team as a unit
One of the major responsibilities of the team leaders and the employee relations
system is to ensure the cooperative work culture in the regular operations. The team leaders
have to make all the employees including new and existing employees aware of the power of

11OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
togetherness. It will help to coordinate all the business operation with sequential business
process implementation (Liu, Wen and Ledwich 2013). In order to impose any system in the
team to improve the performance quality the team member should lead the team through
explaining drivers, making goals, effective communication, understanding objections,
eliminating ambiguities, implementing main operation and ensuring sustainability of the
imposed system or procedure.

12OPERATING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Reference:
Al-Awami, A.T. and Sortomme, E., 2013, July. Electric vehicle charging modulation using
voltage feedback control. In Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PES), 2013
IEEE (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Ambrosio, R., Ferro, E.H., Hafner, J.L., Harrison, C.G., O'mara, M.W., Schurr, A.J., Trekell,
M.W. and Williamson, P.S., International Business Machines Corp, 2012. Electric vehicle
charging transaction interface for managing electric vehicle charging transactions. U.S.
Patent 8,266,075.
Bae, S. and Kwasinski, A., 2012. Spatial and temporal model of electric vehicle charging
demand. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(1), pp.394-403.
Dong, J., Liu, C. and Lin, Z., 2014. Charging infrastructure planning for promoting battery
electric vehicles: An activity-based approach using multiday travel data. Transportation
Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 38, pp.44-55.
Hafez, O. and Bhattacharya, K., 2017. Optimal design of electric vehicle charging stations
considering various energy resources. Renewable Energy, 107, pp.576-589.
Lam, A.Y., Leung, Y.W. and Chu, X., 2014. Electric vehicle charging station placement:
Formulation, complexity, and solutions. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(6), pp.2846-
2856.
Liu, Z., Wen, F. and Ledwich, G., 2013. Optimal planning of electric-vehicle charging
stations in distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(1), pp.102-110.
Liu, Z.F., Zhang, W., Ji, X. and Li, K., 2012, May. Optimal planning of charging station for
electric vehicle based on particle swarm optimization. In Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2012 IEEE (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Tang, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Feng, H., Xie, L. and Ma, W., 2012. Electric vehicle charging
station planning based on computational geometry method. Dianli Xitong
Zidonghua(Automation of Electric Power Systems), 36(8), pp.24-30.
Taylor-Haw, C.K., Haw, B. and Simmons, G.C., Elektromotive Ltd, 2013. Electric vehicle
charging station. U.S. Patent 8,487,584.

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Wang, G., Xu, Z., Wen, F. and Wong, K.P., 2013. Traffic-constrained multiobjective
planning of electric-vehicle charging stations. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(4),
pp.2363-2372.