Operation and Project Management: Tesco, Crossrail Project Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of operation and project management principles, focusing on their practical application within the context of Tesco and the Crossrail project. It begins with an explanation of operation management principles as implemented by Tesco, followed by an analysis of these principles. The report then proposes a continuous improvement plan, evaluating its importance and incorporating lean principles and six sigma methodologies. Furthermore, it applies the product life cycle steps to the Crossrail project, evaluating project methodologies, tools, and leadership. The report critically analyzes the effectiveness of the product life cycle, including theories and practical considerations for large and small projects, and concludes with an evaluation of the overall effectiveness of operation and project management strategies. The report also covers topics like six sigma, lean principles, and the product life cycle, providing a detailed overview of the concepts and their application.

Operation and project
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1) Explain the implementation of operation management principles in the context of Tesco.
.....................................................................................................................................................3
M1) Analyse the implementation of operation management ....................................................5
P2) Make a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles................................................................................................................6
M2) Evaluate the importance of a continuous improvement plan..............................................9
P3: Apply every steps of product life cycle in Cross-rail project...............................................9
M3:Evaluate the principle of the project methodologies tools and leadership with in product
life cycle....................................................................................................................................11
P4: Critically analyse the effectiveness of the product life cycle.............................................12
M4: Critically analyse how the use of suitable theories, or models in the product life cycle
will differentiate between large and small level projects..........................................................13
D1 Explain accurate theories and models to justify strategies of a continuous improvement
plan............................................................................................................................................13
D2: Evaluate critically the product life cycle through theories and practical consideration of
its effective................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation and project management deals in as plan of action business in which issues is
going on systematically. Project administration involves the planning, organising, controlling
and motivating resources to acquire the specific goals. (OPM) operation and project management
works in groups to give their outcome in excellent way to select their aims and objectives and
keep stand on their mission and vision. It uses the various factors to work on the task. The major
factor of operation and project management which is supply chain management, it involves the
affect or effect of latest technology which is e commerce, RFID etc. It include the supplier base
improvement, service quality examination, logistic management, reverse logistic issues, elements
of operation strategy and influence of firm outcome. It uses the techniques and tools, maturity
models to give give performance in ethical manner. This report include the review and critic
implementation of operations management principle with in organisational perception,
continuous improvement on plan based, it also involves the six sigma methodologies, concept,
theories and studies of models along with their aims which conduct the theoretical and
informative research on problems related to the help of development of the operation and project
management in the organisation(Anderson, Leary and King, 2018). In the context of the cross
rail project which is delivering the Elizabeth line, which is the biggest railway infrastructure
which under comes in second scenario. This report also divided into two parts first one is
operation management and second one is project management, in first part include the TESCO
company and second is given(Ahmad, R. and Soberi, M.S.F., 2018).
P1) Explain the implementation of operation management principles in the context of Tesco.
Tesco is a retail organisation which give their excellent business operation function in
the United kingdom with other European countries. Organisation faced so many
difficulties but after struggling, organisation able enhance the expansion of business
functions in whole Europe plus UK. The operation management in the organisation is
requires to be changed in that way to do promotion in efficient manner of its activities.
The organisation is well famed hype in retail area the major emphasis is on its method
to enhance the retrial enterprises in unexploited potential area of the market place
(Brewer, J.L. and Dittman, K.C., 2018).

Operation & operation management: It is a set of in related or interactive relations
that transform input into output. Operation management occurs the administration of
enterprises functions to make the highest level of effectiveness in the company. It is the
modification of material and labour in the relation of product and services to make the
best profitability in the organisation. It involves the use of resources from employee
material, equipment and technology. Operation management also concerned with
planning, staffing, directing and operational activities in ethical manner. It includes the
responsibility to assuring that particular operation work are significant in relation of
proper utilization of resources as well as meeting consumer necessity(Estelles-Miguel,
and et .al2019).
Operation vs operation management:
BASIS OPERATION OPERATION
MANAGEMENT
Meaning Operation includes business
function such as retail,
production etc.
The operation management
includes the process of
managing all enterprises
functions in an effective plus
an ethical manner.
Objectives The objective of operation is
short term objective which
brings accomplishment in a
business effectiveness to its
very long term objectives. It
must be particular in term of
guideline, rules, terms and
conditions etc.
The operation management
objective includes the cutting
cost in each and every process
outcome in enhancing
efficiency.
Importance Operation determine the
scheduled of resources that are
necessary to meet the
It is very important to change
the overall productivity,
profitability ratio of the

enterprises problems. enterprises.
Tesco produce quality services in terms of providing customer satisfaction and retain them for
long term. They provide three major services that are Product services, financial
services and groceries related services in various countries. They take online orders also
to full fill consumer's needs and expectations. Their logistic team play huge role in
delivering products in specific time period. They adopt green marketing concept to
reduce or avoid extra expenses in production and use optimum resources to avoid any
wastage. Company hire skilled and talented candidates for improve organisation
performance and enhance growth rate. After recruiting they conduct some training
programs to provide a job role, work process and responsibilities towards Tesco so they
can accomplish common business objectives and goals.
M1) Analyse the implementation of operation management
what is six sigma?
Six sigma involves the business outcomes and improves the strategy which is used to
enhance the business profitability, it reduces the cost of poor quality, and modify the
effectiveness and efficiency of all production which meet even exceeds consumers,
need, demand or expectation(Fewings, P. and Henjewele, C., 2019).
Methodology of Six sigma in operation management?
Six sigma defined as the applied mathematics unit of measurement, that identify the
capability the process to acquire defect free outcome, which has quality to produce
goods with around 3.4 defects per million, which is a global class result. It also occurred
as a high performance data driven plan of action in identifying the root causes of
enterprises difficulties and solve out them. In the relation of operation management lean
principle of six sigma is a tool which do the equal team working towards the goals and
to improve outcomes through ethically reducing waste, removing the variation. It
involves the lean manufacturing,lean businesses and six sigma to get rid of various kind
of waste such as: imperfection, complete manufacture, wait, non utilized talent,
transportation, inventory motion and extra processing. It also provide the overall frame
work of the organisation civilization change(Hai, C., and et .al 2019).
Lean principles

There are various principle of lean, it defines the value to realize the basic principle of
elaborating consumer value, it is essential to analyse what value is. It shows the
direction on value course, the second lean rule is analysing and mapping the value
stream. It creates the flow, the following plan of action is assure that the rate of
remaining steps which run effectively or smoothly without any interruption, delays and
difficulties. It open pulling stock list occur one of the huge wastes in any manufacture
system. The aim and objective of pull based system is to limit inventory and (WIP)
work in process. In last peruse perfection, it create lean thinking and continuous process
improvement a part of the organisational culture (Heldman, K., 2018).
The lean principles allows the higher authorities to discover inefficiencies in the
organisation and deliver the best value to the consumers.
P2) Make a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles
Continuous improvement plan is a method there is no beginning and ending. It works in
circular motion which never stop. This strategy or plan is implemented at each and
every level of functions to take actions on their comments or response. There are four
step of quality assurance model which involves the plan, check, do, plus act.
Lean principle

It make improvements in efficiency, productivity, plus scrap and material cost to
improve the competitiveness, and it involves the five principle of lean which is given
below:
Identify the
values
The basic principle of lean is to identify the values of consumers which they
looking forward to pay.
Mapping value
stream
It involve all the strategies which take goods and services by any process.
The objective is to determine each and every step that could not make value
plus then find methods to get rid of the system.
Create flow The next step is looking forward sure about the flow of remaining process
which keep going on efficiently without any challenges or interpretation.
This will give a big profit in relation of productivity plus efficiency.
Establish pull In this principle there is no limit of inventory through ensuring the needed
substantial plus detail are available for efficient work flow.
Seek perfection After completing the four stages, it build lean intelligent plus constant
process improvement a part of culture of the company.
Regularly improvement plan
Basis Existing
methodology
Proposed
methodology
Timeline Action plan Higher authorities
Cost Organisation
currently
taking the
variance
principle for
cost
effectively.
They provide
sweat shirt in
two
categories
Organisation
looking forward
on reduce the
production cost
at the time of
launching new
goods plus
services. It will
help in available
good at nominal
price to
In this
project, the
assumption
time will be
2 to 3 years
because, first
of analyse
the area,
measure the
dimensions,
requirement
It includes
outlines
actions,
blueprint and
the major part
is cost factor to
accomplish the
project goal.
Firstly measure
area, material
requirement
Project managers are
looking forward to
install technological
things for example
track radiance,
frequency meter, and
also reduces the cost,
in technological
prospects there is
labour efficiency is
down, so this thing

which is
made from
cotton plus,
polyester but
they unable to
reduce the
retailing cost.
It is time
consuming
process
because of
cost factor
company
need
convince
power to give
a reason for
purchasing
consumer. It
enhance the
purchasing
power of
customer. But
this is exist for
an particular
time frame not
for long term.
of raw
materials
and many
other things
which are
essential for
the project.
However,
time
management
plays a
crucial role,
project
management
have to
make
schedule and
divide their
on timely
basic which
should be
covered as
per the
assumption
time.
and included
overall cost,
but this project
directly deals
with
manufacturer
because it
requires high
massive
material, if
project team
will purchase
directly
provider. It
will save cost
which
beneficial for
the team. Other
factor is
organization
have to utilize
high
technological
implementatio
n project
because it
reduces time
consuming as
well as cost
because
process will
will give advantage to
the project.
Manufactures leads
the authority about
raw material and
marketing manger is
responsible for
promote the goods and
services. The
responsible person are
willing to install the
material in nominal
prices that will give
appropriate outcome.

run smoothly
and efficiently.
Qualit
y
For making of
high quality
of product,
organisation
using the
accountability
methodology.
They wiling
to use
decision with
the
involvement
of only
manager,
senior
manager not
participate
their workers
along with the
stake holders.
They must adopt
participative
management at
their work of
place to involve
all group
member to greet
their opinion
plus suggestion.
In which it help
in producing
better quality of
goods plus
services.
This project
includes
appropriate
time with in
assumption
time period.
To
incorporate
participative
management
, it includes
incorporatin
g and
training
managers
about this
theory which
will require
8 months.
Work must be
done on time
table basic.
Managers have
to make proper
allotments of
work including
labour on shift
basis.
Higher authority are
responsible for good
quality product as well
as their services which
gives positive impact
on their work and its
team.
Safety Realistic
principle is
following
launching
latest
machinery in
single bed
which helps
Organisation
must focus on
problem of the
workers and
come up with the
solution. If
internal plus and
external people
Make sure as
per the given
time period
work should
be done but
safety
assurance is
very
If project
member make
blueprint of the
reckon they
have to be
keep
arrangements
of safety kits
Managers of projects
must know allocation
of fund is going on
needed things which is
liable because they
also responsible for
safety and security of
monetary value.

to make them
light plus
easy to wear,
but fail in
solving the
difficulties of
an workers
regards new
innovation or
technology. It
will tend to
decrease
utilization of
resources plus
techniques.
This factor is
little time
consuming
but exist for
long term in
future.
are happy, it feel
secure to using
the latest
technologies. All
functions are
properly utilised
in an effective
plus efficient
manner.
Adopting latest
technology is
cost consuming
and it is not exist
for long term
because
technology
change
frequently in
market.
essential for
every
member in
the team as
well as
utilization of
money must
be done in
ethical
manner.
and First aid
which is
require
anytime.
Delive
ry
The
organisation
managed the
passion
methodology,
for carry
excellent of
good. They
are unable to
communicate
Organisation
must maintain a
communication
channel or
networks
because effective
communication
plays very
important role in
the organisation.
Team have
to completed
their work
on
appropriate
time. That
gives
positive
impact
towards the
It includes the
arrangements
of materials
should be on
time, so work
can effectively
and efficiently.
After completing the
project, responsible
person have to check
and re- test all the
things which included
in project after
excellent outcome
they have to deliver
their projects to the

with workers
to know
particular
objectives. In
which
workers are
not capable to
carry the
goods on
time. It is not
time
consuming
but assist in
retain
customers for
longer terms
In which all
member are
coordinate with
each other. It
helps in
acquiring better
quality at less
wastage plus
which carry on
time. Building an
effective
network in
market take time
but once
company build a
good network
then they get
benefits on
regular basis.
people. company.
 Organisation must particular on the variance principle with in an company which
perform all production plus, retail product plus functions through considering the cost
cutting strategy. It helps in reduction in amount of product that consumer which buy at
lower price. This thing will assist to effective competitiveness plus high profitability.
 In the organisation lack of communication is available the higher authority should try to
interacting plus stakeholders to acquire better quality of the company, which is likely to
follow in ethical manner for modifying their qualities plus decrease their leftovers(He,
Luo and Huang, 2019)
M2) Evaluate the importance of a continuous improvement plan
Continuous improvement is also known as continual improvement which is ongoing
improvement of goods and services or processes by incremental breakthrough changes.

Continuous improvement defined as a practice of constantly in which re examine and
improving processes, services and goods. Continuous improvement includes the
improvement of the organisation which adopt the improvement in an organisation
include two factors. It focuses on growth, organisation must have ongoing focus on
incrementally, improving their process, goods or services. It creates the culture of
improvement, which should be responsible of everyone in the organisation. Continuous
improvement culture enhance the employee engagement and al;so boost them and
reduces the turnover rates. Which is looking forward for participate in the
transformation of the organisation in which it increase a sense of pride and execute.
This direct to a greater sense of belongingness and less reason to leave the company.
There are various profit of continuous improvement such as more engaged employees,
lower employee turnover, more competitive product and service, having a active
learning and culture. This thing gives the advantage to the organisation and business can
run effectively and efficiently(Jaafar, Z. and Zainuddin, M.I., 2020). .
P3: Apply every steps of product life cycle in Cross-rail project
Project Overview: Crossrail is most important infrastructure project in United Kingdom.
From the developing journey time period across London to easing crowding and providing
improved connections, Elizabeth line will modify the path people travel around the investment.
This project is Europe's largest infrastructure project in now days. Approximately 200 million
annual people will use Crossrail. Elizabeth line provide 41 stations and 10 stations at Paddington
street, canary wharf and other areas also. They provide job opportunities at high level and they
involve in CSR activities also and tried to use Eco friendly resources for reducing carbon
footprint.
Project life cycle: It provide a structure for managing the projects with in a organisation. In this
there are four stages such as initiation , planning, execution and termination. The main purpose
of project life cycle is to meet the objectives of project and the director plus group of a Cross-rail
project have one shared goals and objectives. The Cross-rail prepare the project life cycle for on
the site line of work, the industry follows four stages to plan on site line of work that include the
initiation of project, planning of project, implementation and endpoint of project(Molén, J.,
Kadefors, A. and Havenvid, M.I., 2020).