Leadership, Management, and Operational Efficiencies at Tesco

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management, focusing on their roles, functions, and the differences between them, using Tesco as a case study. It delves into various leadership theories, including behavioral, transactional, and trait theories, and explores their application in different situational circumstances. The report also examines the implementation of situational leadership, systems leadership, and contingency approaches. Furthermore, it addresses key approaches to operations management, the importance of operational efficiency, and the factors impacting operational decision-making. The evaluation includes an analysis of how leaders and managers can improve operational efficiencies and the effects of factors within the business environment. The report concludes with a critical evaluation of the application of operation management and factors that impact on the wider business environment.

MANAGEMENT &
OPERATIONS
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1. Describe and relate the different roles and features of a leader and a manager....................4
M1. Evaluate and difference between role of leader and function of manager by effectively
implementing range of theories and concepts..............................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2. Observe instances of how the role of a leader and purpose of a manager relate in changed
situational circumstances.............................................................................................................6
P3. Implement various theories and models of approach, including situational leadership,
systems leadership and contingency............................................................................................8
M2. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of several approaches to circumstances within the
work atmosphere..........................................................................................................................9
D1. Evaluate the different theories and Approaches to leadership in various context..............11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
P4. Key approaches to operations management along with role of leader and manager...........11
P5. Value and importance of operations management...............................................................13
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management
....................................................................................................................................................14
P6. Assess the factors that impact on operational management and decision-making within the
business environment.................................................................................................................14
M4. Analyze the effects of different factors in the business environment and wider
community.................................................................................................................................16
D2. Critical evaluation of application of operation management and factors that impact on the
wider business environment.......................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19
Books and Journal......................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Management refers to the process of planning, organizing, supervising the major
operations of the organization in such a manner that an organization can achieve the aims and
objectives of the business and effective manner. There are various persons which are involved in
the management and operations of an organization to run the business in effective as well as cost
effective manner (Chen, Dong, and Shi, 2020). The main functions and operations of an
organization is managed by important persons of the organization that are called managers and
leaders. Tesco is a large organization which deals in groceries as well as general merchandise
having their headquarters in Welwyn garden city, England, United Kingdom. The company has
good management and operation system which helps them to achieve great success in the
market. For the purpose of this report management and operation functions of Tesco has been
considered to know the role of managers and leaders in an organization to manage the operations
and the various points of difference equation between them. This report contains various types of
leadership theories and concepts which are used in various situation all context in an
organization. This report also contains various approaches towards the operation management
and the role of leaders and managers in these operation management. Further it contains various
factors of business environment that have a great impact on the operation management and
decision making of leaders and managers in the organization.
TASK 1
P1. Describe and relate the different roles and features of a leader and a manager
Leader and manager are two different terms which are so many times used
interchangeably by people. But managers and leaders are two different terms especially in case
of large organization like Tesco. The definitions of leaders and managers is given below:
Manager: Managers are the high level authority of any organization who are responsible
to formulate goals and objectives of the organization and various predetermined plants which
help them to attain these goals and objectives. They divide the objectives of the organization in
the smaller task so that it can be assigned to the individuals who are working in the organization
according to their capability. In case of Tesco the higher level management who has their

operations in the main branch of the company are the managers who are responsible for the
operations of the organization in effective manner.
Leaders: The individuals to whom a manager assign duties are the leaders there are so many
individuals who are working in test it is essential to bifurcate them in in different groups
according to their skills and capabilities and functions of the organization (Diwas, 2020). The
work has been assigned by managers to the group according to their abilities and in this process
the work can be achieved in effective manner. In case of Tesco, the company has so many
branches all over the world and has Van manager at each branch. As every branch has various
functions to perform and requires various departments are managed by leaders. The managers are
responsible to giving their task to the leaders and leaders are responsible to divide the task
according to the capability of their followers in effective manner.
Differences between managers and leaders
Managers Leaders
Managers are responsible for planning to
achieve the goals and objectives of the
organization.
Leaders are responsible to plan the bifurcation
of the task assigned to them by the managers.
Managers are responsible to formulate
policies for the working of the organization.
Leaders are responsible to follow up the
policies which has been formulated by
managers in effective manner.
Managers plays the functions in the
organization which are essential for the
smooth working of the organization.
Leader plays their role in the cost effective as
well as efficient working of the organization.
M1. Evaluate and difference between role of leader and function of manager by effectively
implementing range of theories and concepts.
Role of Leaders:
 Leaders play a role of a coach to their followers in which they take the responsibility to
lead their followers in effective manner.
 Leaders also work as an influencer in an organization as they influence their employee’s
behavior in several manner.

 Leaders are responsible to take care that their followers are getting effective training and
they are continuously developing their skills in effective manner (Fisher, Olivares, and
Staats, 2020).
Functions of Manager:
 The major function which has been performed by the managers in the organization is
planning. Managers are responsible to plan the affairs of the organization in order to
attain their goals and objectives.
 Another major function of managers is to perform organizing function in which the
organized all the planning activities in a manner that required similar skills and assign the
task to various leaders in the organization.
 Managers of an organization also perform the function of leading the organization in
which they are considered as leaders of leaders in the organization and lead the
employees from top level (Wang, Zhao, and Huchzermeier, 2021).
 Controlling is also function which is performed by managers of an organization. They are
responsible to control the operations of the company.
TASK 2
P2. Observe instances of how the role of a leader and purpose of a manager relate in changed
situational circumstances.
Managers and leaders have their different role and functions in an organization which are
dependent on the situations of the organization. The large organization which has so many stores
all over the world and is required to have good leaders and managers for their effective working.
Some theories given to identify the role and functions of leaders and managers respectively or
provided below according to several situation of the organization:
A behavioral theory of leadership: According to this theory of leadership the behavior
of leaders highlights the behavior of employees in the organization (Illahi, and Mir, 2021).
Behavioral theory states that that leaders behavior can use their best of skills in their leadership
which will be shown in the behavior of employees and provide positive results to the
organization. Positive behavior of leaders and employees towards the organization provides

profitability and effective production in the organization. Taking an example of Tesco if the
company has leaders with good behavior with the employees then it will also be shown in the
behavior of employees that they will be hard working towards the organization.
Transactional leadership: Transactional leadership as the name signifies beans with
transactions in the organization and is based on decisions of managers towards the employees in
order to enhance their performance in the organization with the help of rewards and penalties
(Luo, Olsen, and Liu, 2021). The managers of Tesco as provide extra incentive to their sales
process after a particular amount in order to increase their performance in the organization. This
is a managerial direction because the rewards and penalties decided by the managers only. This
helps the managers of Tesco to identify their past as well as present performance in the
organization on the basis of rewards and penalties earned by them.
Leadership traits theory: In the leadership trait theory the managers of an organization
have there only focus to motivate the employees in such a manner that they can perform the task
in effective manner. Leadership trait theory sometimes provide uncertain results as it is depend
on one factor only. To focus on the motivation and morale of employees the organization
consider the option of training and development to them which is responsibility of both managers
as well as l in the organization. Tesco provides training and development program to their
employees to increase their moral and knowledge in the organization in which managers will
decide in which area the training and development will be designed where is leaders should
ensure that the training will who for a long term and has improved the professional as well as
personal areas of the employees to enhance their skills and knowledge (Samson, 2020).
Management by objectives theory: Management by objective can be defined as a kind
of management model which helps to define the process of management in the organization.
Management by objective has its emphasis on improving the productivity of employees in such a
manner that the organization is able to achieve their goals and objectives. Management by
objectives theory applicable on test will help the organization to ensure their effectiveness and
their produced results and has a particular objective for both managers as well as employees of
the organization. Management by objective also includes recording and monitoring of the
activities that are taken place in Tesco so that their management can be able to evaluate growth
of their business.

P3. Implement various theories and models of approach, including situational leadership,
systems leadership and contingency.
There are several models and theories which are introduced in order to define the
leadership of a leader or a manager in an organization to enhance the productivity of employees
(Modgil, Singh, and Foropon, 2020). The situation and leadership system leadership as well as
contingency approach of leadership has been defined below with best of its implementation on
the situations of Tesco. This will help to understand the role of various leadership theories and
approaches in in an organization for their leaders and managers.
Situational Leadership: This leadership theory is depends on basically two factors that
is directive as well a supportive behavior of a leader in the organization. It helps the managers as
well as leaders of Tesco to make effective decisions for their employees in the organization to
enhance their growth. Adaptation of this theory in various situations which arise in Tesco will
help the leaders as well as managers to be capable of addressing several issues with the help of
several trials and choose the effective one according to the situation that is arising in the
company.
Systems leadership: System leadership theory is a theory which helps to identify that a
leadership a collective function in the organization in which many people work together with
connecting their efforts at several places in a system and operating their business is at different
levels either physically or virtually (Ren, 2020). This leadership theory help to provide guidance
to the leaders and managers that they should not look at their own perspective only but also take
perspective of the company at priority basis to make a factor of development in the organization.
In case of Tesco the organization should have a proper motivation in their leaders and managers
that they work together no matter at what position they are working should concentrate their
efforts to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization and increase their profitability in
the business.
Contingency Approach: Contingency leadership theory designed and developed by
Fiedler who have studied the features of leaders in an organization. According to this leadership
it is not possible to provide a leadership model which has been suitable for each and every
organization. It has been identified that style of leadership is based on various internal as well as
external environment factors which are faced by an organization (Olsen, and Tomlin, 2020).

There can be no perfect leadership model for the leaders and managers of Tesco but they should
adopt suitable one according to the situation. Just theory also States that not one fit for all which
means that one leadership model cannot be fit in each and every circumstances of an
organization and managers should be free to adopt any model according to the situations and
take their decisions.
M2. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of several approaches to circumstances within the
work atmosphere.
It is vital to know about the strengths and weakness of all the approaches. They are discussed
below:
Situational Leadership Model
Strengths
 It is seen that it helps to recognize the need of flexibility. All the rules and regulations
that are set a flexible and are changed according to situations that help you achieve the
goals and objectives.
 It is seen that situation leadership style is good for workers (Pettit and Beresford eds.,
2017). It is saying that they feel comfortable at their duty in a satisfied that helps to
enhance their productivity.
 It is the style that makes the leader more successful. The person that is able to adopt
change and formulate strategies according to the situation is generally more aware and
successful.
Weakness
 The biggest weakness of this type of leadership is the focuses only on the current
situation and there are no plans for future.
 It is seen that rules and regulations need to be changed again according to situation that
takes long time to work and along with that it is not economic to work in this style.

 The walkers get confused as we get new orders every time and they are unable to get full
information. Along with that it is seen that it is disadvantages is the leader is also not able
to gather enough information.
System Leadership
Strengths
 In the theory everything is done in a systematic manner that helps organization to achieve
its goals and objectives in an effective manner.
 In this theory there is inter relationship among the internal processes as well as the
systems are related that is beneficial for the company.
Weakness
 It is mean that the theory has variables that have a kind of quality that is impact on the
control of working conditions in the environment (Ma and Zhang, 2017).
 It is also difficult to identify a like which factor which help more control as compared to
other
Contingency Theory
Strengths
 The theory is dynamic in nature and that helps to accept the situation and form policy for
benefit the success of organization.
 It is seen that it helps in effective decision making by the leader.
Weakness
 It is a complex approach and it becomes difficult when applied practically.
 It is also seen that it is reactive in nature and handling the situation sometimes become
harder for the manager.

D1. Evaluate the different theories and Approaches to leadership in various context
 Situation leadership style: It is important to understand that in situation leadership style
the leader of Tesco take the season that are based on the situation. It is seen that the
actions are taken by trial as per the situation (Maralcan and Ilhan, 2017). It is seen that it
is beneficial for the employees as they get flexibility as well as clear goals according to
which then can work.
 System leadership style: Along with that there is a systematic manner in which the
system leadership theory is processed. There are various guidance on which the leaders
work (Hutahayan, 2020). There is proper coordination seen among the internal processes
of the company. It is seen that this leadership causes delays and that is a drawback of this
style.
 Contingency leadership style: The contingency approach believes that the leader has to
react in a different manner in each and every situation. It is seen that it is according to the
internal and external factors that what the reason that are good for the organization
(Menon, 2019). So it is seen that the contingency approach helps Tesco to take decisions
as per the situation and it benefits the company to deal with all the circumstances that
occur.
In regard to Tesco the leader believes that contingency theory is best for them to lead the
company. As there are various situation that are uncertain and it is vital for a business
organisation and its leaders to be prepared for the situation and work accordingly. As same set of
principles do not work in every situation.
TASK 3
P4. Key approaches to operations management along with role of leader and manager.
Total Quality Management
Total quality management approach that is customer focus. Along with it is seen that the
focus is on continuous improvement and maintaining quality. In relation to Tesco the company
Moses total quality management principle as it has them to innovate the product and manager
quality that is required in the modern time (Romano, ed., 2017). In this approach all the
employees are involved. It is integrated with that consists of various functions that help the

company to achieve the goals and objectives by focusing on its quality improvement. All the
decisions are based on the facts and a good research is conducted by Tesco to to meet the
requirements of quality
Role of leader
It is seen that the plays a vital role in managing the total quality by leading the team and telling
them about the importance of quality (Foulk and et.al., 2018). They give direction to the
employees in whom they have to work so as to get the certified and standard product for the
needs and wants of customers.
Role of manager
It is seen that manager tries to manage the employees and solve the problems if they are facing.
They conduct research about both internal as well as external factors that will impact the
production process and focus on continuous improvement.
Just in time inventory
This is another principle that is followed by organizations. As per the principle the organization
focuses on reducing the wastage of resources and maintaining the quality. In relation to Tesco
the company uses the method as it helps in optimum utilization of resources. it helps the business
to reduce the cost of production and it helps to serve the customers effectively.
Role of leader
It is seen that leader collect all the information related to the employees and then formulate teams
in which they have to work (Fügener, Schiffels and Kolisch, 2017). It is seen that all the goods
are manufactured by keeping in mind the principle of just in time.
Role of manager
It is evaluated that all the orders are made within time. Along with that it is also seen that good
relations are maintained with the suppliers and this helps to supply the goods with correct
amount.
Six Sigma