Operations and Project Management Report: LNER Case Study Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of operations and project management principles within the context of the London North Eastern Railway (LNER). It begins with an introduction to operations management, highlighting its role in planning, organizing, and directing production and services. The report then delves into a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles at LNER, examining standards of reality, organizations, responsibility, quietude, success, progress, competition, and quality control. Furthermore, the report explores the application of Six Sigma methodology (DMAIC) and Lean principles to improve efficiency and reduce waste within LNER's operations. A continuous improvement plan is developed, incorporating elements of both Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing to optimize processes and outcomes. The report concludes with a critical review of the application of a Product Life Cycle (PLC) model to a given project within the organization.

Operations and Project
Management
Contents

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................3
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context............................................................7
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................9
Application of PLC model to the given project...........................................................................9
Review and critique for the application of PLC........................................................................14
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the cycle which give a worry which make a solid connection with
arranging, sorting out and directing with regards to the creation in the association. These
exercises are identified with the creation, assembling and make an arrangement of the
administrations which are renders in the association (Alaniz and et. al., 2019). Operations and
project management work all the more absolutely in store network management and calculated
territory of the improvement in the different association. The fundamental capacity of the
operational management is to make the equilibrium in the income and cost exercises and
accommodating in accomplishing the most elevated benefits. While the project management
need to make executing a particular work or assignment. For this task the picked association is
London North Eastern Railway, a British rail route organization, which is overseen and worked
by division for transport. This organization was established in 1923 and they are worked very
nearly 12 stations. This organization is train working organization in the United Kingdom, which
act in intercity east coast establishment line between London, Yorkshire, north east and Scotland.
In this task the organization has proceeded with the innovative work which are identified with
the operational and project management. Different speculations and ideas are assessed which are
utilized in the regarded association. Different item life cycle stages assessed on the part of
speculations, ideas and models of little projects has been examine in the task.
TASK 1
P1 Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context.
Operation management assume a huge job in dealing with the business operations in the best and
successful way. The exercises which are utilized and worked in the association like arranging,
sorting out, controlling, and work controlling which prompts deal with the management and offer
the best types of assistance and items to their clients. There are different standards which are
utilized in the association to encourage the smooth working and expanded the proficiency. For
the compelling management of London North Eastern Railway, these standards are examination
and afterward fundamentally assessed for causing them in dealing with the capacities (Alvarez‐
Rodríguez, Zuñiga and Llorens, 2019). These standards are talked about in subtleties;

Standards of the real world: In the operational management they need to zero in on the general
issues, not just the strategies. This standard show that none of the apparatus in the operational
management methods are not for the general arrangement. This is vital to deal with the
management in the London North Eastern Railway to investigation the need and request of the
clients prior to executing the new assistance and items in the business sectors. First and foremost,
the chiefs make the moving stock and draw a team outline which helping in finding the main
points of contention and look at the limit of their business associations (Arthur and Jackson,
2020).
Standards of Organizations: While utilizing them in the legitimate way, everything is
interconnected with the authoritative conduct and exercises. Every one of these components
which are reliable and unsurprising so without making the total association with the associations
the organization would not have the option to accomplish the benefit. In the London North
Eastern Railways all the office should make an interconnection for getting higher proficiency in
accomplishing the objective.
Standards of responsibility: Being responsible is the achievement key for running an
assembling the operations. The supervisors of the working group of London North Eastern
Railways are relied upon to be capable in setting the guidelines and guidelines. While the
incessant minding the exercises are helping in gathering objectives. The administrators of the
regarded organization need to make rules which are related with their own assignment and
obligations. They further inspire their friend workers for recipient of the associations (Barrad and
Valverde, 2020).
Standards of quietude: Trail and Error measure is the most expensive strategies, so it is
significant that each representative should know their restriction. This way they can set aside
cash and time which are utilized in the working group for the since quite a while ago run.
Guideline of achievement: For getting the accomplishment there are different definition, which
show the correct way to participate in the exercises and make the achievement. For making the

progress the interest and need of the clients are thought of. This is the mantra for getting the
achievement in the rail line industry to keep your client cheerful.
Guideline of progress: With the presentation of new speculations and arrangements, it is
essential to change the things in the working office and work in the operational assembling cycle
of the regarded organization. Change execution strategy will assist the organization with making
the steadiness over the long-haul angle (Davis and Boisvert, 2017).
Knowing the Competition: For any association, it is critical to know their clients and ideal
check their methodologies with the goal that they can remain on the lookout. In the London
North Eastern railroads, there are different contenders which are looked by the regarded
organization. So to deal with the working management it is imperative to know their rivals and
their methodologies.
Rule of value control: Another standard is to deal with the quality and the clients of the
organization are completely fulfil with their railroad administrations. To offer the best support so
the clients so they can get the accomplishment later on.
M1 Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles
SIX SIGMA
It is the idea which is utilized by the association to decrease the wastage in the creation area
while expanding the effectiveness. This is the idea which is established by Bill Smith in 1980. It
is the strategies which are utilized by the organizations to improving the activities and cycle of
the association. In the Six Sigma innovation there are two fundamental approaches which are
DMADV and DMAIC (Kerzner, 2019).
DMAIC is utilized for improving the nature of the items, this is utilized by the organizations to
make the more effective items to improve the gathering consumer loyalty. These techniques
incorporate five stage; characterize, measure, examination, improve and control. Though the
DMADV approach is utilized to presented other items which are not utilized by the association.

It has five stages which are utilized to make the new item more powerful and control on the
lookout. London North Eastern Railway, will improve their administrations in the market along
these lines they are utilizing DMAIC.
Define: In this progression the organizations attempt to examination and make the interest of
their clients. The working group of the London North Eastern Railways are attempt to assess and
investigation the interest and need of their client. Prior to making the improvement in their
administrations.
Measures: In this progression the promoting group will dispatch the items and administrations
on the lookout and afterward quantifies the result and input which are comes from the clients
(Mansourimoayyed, Colabi and Semiari, 2020).
Analyses: In this progression LNER attempt to zero in on the successful arrangement and take
care of the different issue or issues which are emerging in the wake of actualizing the new item
administration.
Improve: In this stage they improve their administrations which are requested by the clients.
Like in LNER, they attempt to give the food and drinks offices in their typical mentors as well.
Like in five star, Chair class, dozing and AC.
Verify: In the last advance they check the administrations which are utilized by them in the
business sectors. This progression is imperative to make the benefit by giving products and
administration in the business sectors.
Through the use of six sigma in the London North Eastern Railways the activities and the
operations will get performed on faster time. As the purpose of six sigma is to eliminate any
blockage or the factor which causes more delay in activities, the operational activities will be
performed with much efficiency.
LEAN PRODUCTION
This is the strategy which is utilized for limiting the wastage in the creation frameworks
and augmenting the efficiency in the regarded association. In the picked organization the chiefs

are attempt to accomplish the efficiency expanding in the organization by lessening the wastage
which are occurring in the operational exercises. As though the waste creation is limited in the
organization by suing lean creation strategies, at that point it will prompt limit the general cost
creation and boosting the productivity of the organization (Fenton and Smith, 2019). The
different part of the lean creation is portrayed:
Value: In this perspective the main thing is included which is the merchandise and enterprises
which are worked by the organization to finish the interest of the clients. By finishing client's
interest, with in the reasonable cost, convenient assembling and convey the administration and
item at the ideal chance to the client. Every one of these things make value of the organization.
While finishing every one of these means in the correct grouping will diminish the wastage of
the items.
Value Stream: According to this factor, the administrators of the London North Eastern
Railways, must estimates the client’s separation subsequent to executing the items in the market
of their working urban communities (Greene and Stellman, 2018).
Flows: In this part of the lean rule an organization is mindful and responsible for leading an
assessment for checking the degree of wastage and checkout their vulnerabilities later on
identified with their wastage level. The supervisors of the LNER, put their different endeavours
in limiting the remaining burden and attempt to discover the better result.
Persuasion of perfection: As it is unimaginable that all the organizations are convey their items
and administrations to their client at the opportune time. So, they need to deal with the new
procedures so they can improve and attempt to limit the waste. All the adjustments in the
association are actualized by the results of the organization.
Through the use of lean production any wastage in resources and materials will get reduce. In the
London North Eastern railways, the lean production will help in reducing the wastage in
resources which will save the inventory for the longer period of time. This will also saves the
money for the organisation.

P2 Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context.
Continuous Improvement plan
It is vital for make the nonstop program in the distinctive division of the associations. The
constant improvement plan gives the nature of the items and improving the productivity of the
items. To make the consistent improvement plan the administrators of the London North Eastern
Railway give the best performing exercises which are viable in their employments (Riley and
Ellegood, 2018). This constant improvement plan for the picked association gave here in
subtleties:
Source Principles Outcomes
Minimisation of
cost process
Six Sigma model In the picked association, there supervisors are
attempt to actualize the arrangement by
utilizing six sigma at their workplace for the
smooth and productive working conditions.
The organization attempt to put less in the
operational administration and help in finding
the proper outcomes to make the benefits.
With the assistance of six sigma, the
organization attempt to accomplish the target
to make the development in the items to make
the achievement.
Management of
quality
Lean manufacturing Operational group of London North Eastern
Railways utilize the new and advancement
procedures to improve their characteristics and
items with the goal that they give the intense
rivalry to their rivals. With the assistance of
lean operational exercises, they attempt to
diminish the waste which are delivering in the

assembling office. To lessen the waste
assistance the organization and the climate
both. This way the picked association locate
another and creative approach to expand their
results and work adequately in the business of
rail line.
Appropriate
standards for
safety
Fundamentals rules and
policies
The operational chiefs of the London North
Eastern Railway attempt to make the wellbeing
safety measures in the assembling and
development measure. To tackle the security
issue in the association it is critical to make the
essential record is kept up for the utilization of
stock which are useful in keeping up the
wellbeing of the information and the classified
data (Rowe, 2020).
Delivery of
policies and
appropriate
instructions
Organisation management There are different systems which used to
make the powerful arrangements to deal with
the assets in the association. With the
assistance of making appropriate association in
the organization will assist them with
decreasing the flawed things and diminish the
wastage of the creation cycle in the assembling
cycle.
Resource available Lean production All the necessary resources will get available
to the organisation and lean production will
apply to them so that proper saving and use of
resources will take place.
Time plan Six sigma In that all the activities are planned out in a
proper schedule so overlapping and duplication

of activities can get eliminated.
As different organizations need to make the compelling operational administration, as it is
critical to make the assessment to make the centre explanations behind their prosperity and
development. Subsequent to finding the essential provisos of the organization they attempt to fill
them with the different arrangements. With the consistent improvement plan help the regarded
working organization for conveying the products and enterprises to fulfil the clients. This is the
progressing endeavours which are useful in improving the items and administrations besides
notwithstanding that the cycle of the organizations which look for the endeavours to make the
achievement. With the assistance six sigma and lean assembling items they can improve the rail
line administrations in the chose urban communities which are improving the characteristics of
their items. Besides these arrangements are extremely useful in making the arrangement and
lessening the cost standard of the organization (Sales Neverdal, 2019). With the assistance of
cost decrease, they can limit the impact of information cost and set the norm for assessing the
time. There six stage and the constant cycle will assist the organization with getting the
achievement. This consistent improvement measure work in the picked association, function as
to make the work which is now done, what are the components which are not working inside the
associations and the last point is to recognize the need which are important to roll out the
improvement in the association.
M2 Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories
concepts and/or models.
There is incremental or breakthrough improvement over time if there is existence of continuous
improvement plan. Among all the widely used tools for continuous improvement include PDCA
cycle which is also known as Deming Cycle or Shewhart cycle. There are following stages
within this model -
Plan: This stage includes identification of the opportunity and planning for changes.
Do: Implementing the changes on a very small scale.
Check: Using data for the result analysis and determining whether it makes a difference or not.
Act: In case the changes were successful, implement them on a broad scale.
This way one can improve the existing process of the organisation

D1 Apply appropriate theories, concepts and/or models to justify strategies of a continuous
improvement plan for achieving improved efficiency
The six sigma discusses the elimination of process volatility. On the other hand, TQM focuses on
increasing the level of satisfaction of both internal and external customers. Lean approach is
helpful for improvising production line movement. The lean and six sigma solution aims at
reducing waste and discarding variations. The process of interference in problems to improvise
success is constant improvement.
TASK 2
P3 Application of PLC model to the given project
To utilize the project life cycle for the project of cross-rail, the fundamental components
are utilized to make the assessment cost of the endurance of the new expense and new season of
the organization. It is the European's greatest rail route foundation project which are making for
conveying the railroad line in Elizabeth line. This project is begun with the assistance of more
than 15000 people. In the project life cycle, there are numerous items and stages which are
utilized in the presentation stages however that stages can't get by on the lookout.
The situation is to expand the railways line in other nearby areas of London also. So, to beat this
issue, item life cycle is utilized to deal with the activities to get the achievement in the project.
Cross-rail follow the diverse project life-cycle for looking at their items:
Commencement Stage: In this stage the supervisors are attempt to analyze the inclination of
purchaser and make their items likewise the need of the clients. In the cross-rail project they are
begun for making the cross-rail burrow that have been built for making a straightforwardness for
the individuals of the bustling road of the London by tremendous channels and exhausting
machines (Temnyshov and Belyaev, 2020). They start their item to make the simplicity in the
lifestyle of the individuals of the London and attempt to diminish the natural effect which happen
on the bustling roads of the London.
Arranging Stage: After making the commencement stage, it is critical to design the systems and
wanting to finish the project in the ideal time. In this stage the administrators of the cross-rail
project attempt to form the market arranging by utilizing diverse project portfolio, work

articulations and initialisation of the reports. For finishing this project, the directors of cross-rail
project, pick the powerful works and utilized talented works who play out the work towards the
objective inside the given time span.
Execution stage: In this phase of project life-cycle, the execution of the arranging is actualized
in the best way so the objectives and objective are meet in the perfect time. In the cross-rail
project their operational administrators guarantee that the project is been actualize and execute
among their subjected properly (Wiedemann, Wiesche and Krcmar, 2019). As now in the cross-
rail project testing measure is racing to check the new programmed train control framework
which are worked in focal segment of the course.
Conclusion Stage: This is the last phase of the project as in this stage give the essential archives
which are utilized in the fruition of the project. This project takes around 10 months for fruition.
It is relied upon to test the entire cross-rail line prior to opening the focal segment which are
utilized for Elizabeth line.
For implementing the project, the London North Eastern railways will first scan the areas
where they want to expand the railways line. Then they will purchase the required materials or
resources which will get use for the project. After then they will make a time table or schedule
table for the project which states the time and labour an activity will take to complete. The
members of the project will commence their activities according to the time table set. At last
there will be conclusion stage in which the project work will get completed. The whole project
has set for 10 months to complete. Therefore the conclusion stage will begin in the 10th month
where almost the whole project will be on end.