Operations Management Principles and Project Life Cycle

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Operations and Project Management
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Task 1 Effectiveness of the Operation management principles.................................................3
P1 Implementation of operation management principles.......................................................3
M1 Implementation of Operation management in relation to six sigma and Lean principles
................................................................................................................................................4
D1 Theories or concepts to justify the improvement plan for achieving improved efficiency
................................................................................................................................................5
Task 2 Application of the continuous improvement..................................................................6
P2 Continuous improvement plan..........................................................................................6
M2 Analysis of the continuous improvement plan effectiveness..........................................7
D1 Theories or concepts to justify the improvement plan for achieving improved efficiency
................................................................................................................................................8
Task3 Project Life Cycle............................................................................................................9
P3 Stages of Project Life Cycle.............................................................................................9
M3 Analysing the rationale for project methodologies........................................................12
D2 Critical Evaluation of Project Life Cycle.......................................................................12
Task 4 Application of the PLC along with detailed analysis...................................................13
P4 Holistic and focused critiques.........................................................................................13
M4 Differences between large-scale and small-scale projects............................................14
D2 Review and critique process...........................................................................................14
Conclusion................................................................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................16

Introduction
Operation management can be defined as a fundamental business practices that needs to be
carried out by every organization.Themanagement of any organization needs to implement
such type of process and techniques to their company which can enhance the quality
management of their product. Rolls Royce Company, a major automobile manufacturing
organisation of U.K, also required operation management practices which will help them to
enhance their quality of the manufactured cars, enhance their relations with the customers and
which also enhancetheirbusiness profit. This report will represent the different theories,
processes and concept, which will be very beneficial for the company in order to enhance the
effectiveness of their business activities.

Task 1 Efficacy of principles governing operational management
P1 Implementation of principles governing operational management
Operation
The term operation can be asserted to all the business practices which are carried out in an
organization for efficiently enhancing their business profit.
Operation management
Operation management in an organization can be defined as administering, controlling,
supervising all the important activities to enhance productivity and business efficiency. It is a
very important part of the organization because through operation management the business
profit can be maximized (Machado et al. 2017).
Principles of operation management
Reality: The first principle of operation management is to recognize the present problems of
the Rolls Royce Company.
Accountability: The manager of the company needs to take all the accountabilities of the
operational practices and they have to set some metrics, which are required by the employees
to meet their organizational goals.
Organization: Organizing and arranging everything that is required for manufacturing good
durable products is very important.
Knowing the Competition: The next one is identifying and recognize the competitors of the
company to understand their competitive edge (Milanović, Sporiš and Weston, 2015).
Collaborating with Customers: The Rolls Royce company needs to understand the needs
and expectations of the customers from their company’s products.
Quality Control: As the company, Rolls Royce deals with the manufacturing of large
numbers of cars so it is very essential for themto maintain their product quality and to
implement the best materials and practice to manufacture a durable and quality assured cars
for their customers.

M1 Significance of lean and six sigma principles to implement operation management
Taylor’s theory of scientific management
The main objectives of Taylor’s theory are maintaining focus on the company workflow and
enhance its economic condition and performance of the employees (Volkov and Kuzina,
2016). In related to this the RollsRoyce Companyshould push their workforce to enhance the
workflow of their company.
Flexible specialization
It is a business strategy where the main focus has been given to the employees and machinery
or equipmentin order to improve the competitive advantage of the company.The company
Rolls Royce should give more importance to their flexibleareas to enhance their productivity.
Lean production
It mainly focuseson reducing the unnecessary activities from the operational activities of the
organization to enhance their values, workflow and for increasing the productivity of the
company.
Mass customization
This process is mainly used to manufacture good quality of products by understanding the
expectations of the customerswith low cost and flexibility for mass production (Zue and Paik,
2017). The Rolls Royce Companyshould allow their target customers to express their needs
and expected design so the company can manufacture the products according to them.
Agile manufacturing
This is a type of process through which the organization can respond to the need and
expectation of the customers and market change bymaintaining the unit cost of the product
low.

Six-sigma
Six-sigma can be defined as an efficient protocol that can be applied by a company
organization to enhance operational management quality and to eradicate relevant risks and
errors to accomplish the operational activities successfully.
D1 Theories or concepts to justify improvement planning to achieve enhanced efficiency
Taylor’s scientific management theory: The Company Rolls Royce can implement this
theory as it will aid the organisation to develop workflow by increasing workforce efficiency
and effectiveness of the operational activities.
Flexible specialization
If the company can try to enhance the skills of their employees to implement the machinery
for manufacturing purpose then it will definitely improve their operational activities.
Lean production
If the company applied the lean environment in their workplace they can easily eradicate the
unnecessary activities from their business operation which will improve the effectiveness of
product manufacturing (Matějkaet al. 2016).
Mass customization
The Rolls Royce Company should try to allow their customers to express their expected
design which they want from the company's products by keeping the unit cost less. in such a
way, it will enhance the sale of their company's car and will increase their business profit.
Agile manufacturing
In order to respond to the target customer's requirements and the present market changes, the
company needs to implement different processes and tools which can be created if they
implement agile manufacturing in their business operations.
Six-sigma
If the Rolls Royce Companyimplements the six-sigma in their operational activities then it
will definitely enhance the quality controlby eradicating waste and errors to improve the
quality and efficiency of their business

Task 2 Continuous improvement and its application
P2 Continuous improvement planning
Improving efficiency and effectiveness of operational functions
Cost reduction
The company can reduce the extra expenditure of the supply chain cost of the materials for
manufacturing products (Enshassi, Kochendoerfer and Al Ghoul, 2016). The company can
also lowdown their company's turn over and can also implement open source software for
reducing the cost of their operational activities.
Quality improvement
Quality management reduces the unit cost of the operational activities by cutting down the
waste and unnecessary activities to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of their business.
Scheduling team engagement, activities, implementation of advanced equipment and
techniquescan relatively enhance quality improvement.
Utilisation of lean project management principles in continuous improvement cycles
Better customer service: The lean principle helps to response the feedback and the needs of
the customers for better relations with the customers to enhance their business reputation and
business.
Value the customers: Lean principles generate value for the customers by eradication of the
errors and reorganization their approach.
Good staffing: The company need to recruit skill full and knowledgeable employees and also
to monitor and supervise them so they can work efficiently and can improve theircompany’s
productivity.
Business development: The Rolls Royce Companyneed to identify their weakness in order
to improve its car manufacturing with respect to compete in the market place.
Positive working environment:As lean principle support to eliminate physical waste from
the business activities then it will be beneficial for the company as it promotes their brand as
environment-friendly which will be a good sign for their brand reputation.

Cross organization activity
This activity can be implemented in the Rolls Royce Companyby integrating all the
departments of the company together to achieve their organizational goals.
The technologies related to the operational functions
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): It is business management software which will be
beneficial for the company to manage their business activities and operate their
organizational functions effectively (Baker, Akka and Glass, 2018)
SCM(Supply chain management): It helps the company to streamline its operational
activities to enhance their competitive advantage.
NDP (New-product development): It is an effective process through which the company
can design and manufacture their company’s products which they have developeddetermining
the customer’s needs and wants.
CRM (Customer relationship management): CRM mainly helps the company to
understand the customers' expectations from their products through which they developed
their products. In such a way, CRM helps to maintain a good relationship with the customers
and helps to develop their business.
M2 Analysis of the continuous improvement plan effectiveness
Total quality management
The concept of total quality managementwill help the Rolls Royce Company to detect their
negative areas, weakness from their business operational activities. By eliminating the errors
it enhances eth quality of the products along with this it also pushes the employees to work
efficiently in order to achieve their organizational goals (Ashraf, Parveen, and Khan, 2016)
The paradigms of process re-engineering and Kaizen
The concept of Kaizen suggests that the company should implement such improve activity
andtheory in the business which will not enhance productivity but also improve the
standardized programs of the company. The Kaizen concepts are very beneficial to enhance
the communication system, quality improvements of the products and engagement of the
workforce towards their work.,

On the other hand, process re-engineering suggests the involvement of redesigning and
advanced process into the functional activities of the organization to improve the product
manufacturing and other operational functions.
D1 Theories or concepts to justify improvement planning to achieve developed
efficiency
Total quality management or TQM is driven by the theoretical paradigms of Kaizen and
process re-engineering. It involves the continuous improvement plan supports the lean
environment and six-sigma theory in the Rolls Royce Company in order to improve the
quality of their operational activities. All the concepts and theories suggest the same
perception for the company that their management should understand the needs and
expectation of the customers to redesign and develop their product manufacturing (Cha and
Maytorena-Sanchez, 2019). However, the process re-engineering and Kaizen theory suggests
the organisation to eliminate errors and waste from their operational activities in order to
reduce unit cost and enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of their company’s business.

Task 3 Project Life Cycle
P3 Phases of PLC (Project Life Cycle)
A PLC is the series of stages by which Rolls Royce can attain project success. The four
stages of PLC are discussed below:
Initiation: This stage can help Rolls Royce to identify the business requirements, issues,
opportunities and suggest ways to meet those requirements, solve these issues and grab the
opportunities presented. During this stage, the company can find out the objective for their
project, verify whether the project is practicable, and recognise the key deliverables.
Planning: This is the second stage of PLC where the company can break down the bigger
project into smaller jobs, making sure that every goal is positively achieved (Baker, Akka and
Glass, 2018). By doing this, Rolls Royce’s executives can foresee potential risks and quality
barriers.
Execution: The execution stage helps the organisation to convert their planning into action.
The executives can keep track of the work process, systematize team members, direct
timeline and ensure that the task is completed as per the actual plan.
Closure: This is the last stage of PLC where the executives present ultimate deliverables,
discharge project resources and verify the success of the task. After completing this, the
executives must evaluate the positive and negative things of the project.
Figure: Stages of PLC

(Source: Wang, 2018)
Business case development and undertaking feasibility study
Business case
The business case is build up during the initial phases of a project; racing or skipping through
the stages of PLC. It has four main steps that need to be followed while writing a proper
business case. They are:
Firstly, the business problem must be identified.
Secondly, alternative solutions must be recognised.
Thirdly, there must be an ideal solution.
Fourthly, the implementation approach must be described.
Project plan
It is a comprehensive documentation tool that is constructed to direct project execution as
well as control. A project plan is very important to maintain success in a project. It is the
most essential document that can design and improve the Lean principles and Six Sigma
methodology of Rolls Royce (Mason, Nicolay and Darzi, 2015). Project management plan
(PMP) is possibly the major communication document of a project. The contents of the PMP
include:
 An executive summary
 Organisational or strategic alignment
 Project scope description
 Contingency plan and feasibility assessment
 Limitations
 HR requirements
 Tools requirements
 Budget estimation
 Milestones
 Communication management
 Change management

 Related deliverables
 Approvals
 Attachments
Work breakdown structure
Figure: Work Breakdown Structure
(Source: As created by author)
ProjectLifeCycleManagementToolsBusinessCaseProjectDocumentationProjectplanInititionPlanningExecutionClosure