Operations and Project Management Report for Unit 16: Tesco Case Study

This report delves into the core concepts of operations and project management, providing a comprehensive analysis of key principles and their practical application. The report begins by differentiating between operations and operations management, highlighting the crucial role of efficient processes in organizational success. It then reviews and critiques operations management, with a specific focus on lean management methodologies and their impact on productivity and waste reduction. The report incorporates a case study on Tesco, a leading retail organization, to illustrate real-world applications of operations management strategies. Furthermore, the report outlines a project methodology, including project initiation, and offers a critical analysis of the chosen project. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications of effective operations and project management, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement, strategic planning, and customer satisfaction for achieving organizational goals. The report also highlights the importance of continuous improvement, strategic planning, and customer satisfaction for achieving organizational goals.

Unit 16 – Operations and
Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Part 1................................................................................................................................................3
OPERATION VS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT.....................................................................3
REVIEW AND CRITIQUE ON OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT..............................................5
Review.........................................................................................................................................5
LEAN MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................5
Part 2................................................................................................................................................6
PROJECT TITLE............................................................................................................................6
PROJECT METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................11
CRITICAL ANALYSIS................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Every organisation is bound to be carry forwarded with different areas of management and which
are depicted by operations management. There are sectors that a related to organisation which
include production as well as designing the business processes which will come under the
operations management. On a whole it can be defined that operations management is the sole
responsibility that is carry forward it by a management in order to cope up with the business
operations which will bring about the efficiency of an organisation (Choi and et.al, 2018). The
business operations in an organisation will define the efficient terms that are to be inculcated
such that the resources that are allocated for every sector will have to be stipulated used by the
management and the customer requirements will have to be met which primary concern. The
operations management is necessarily important in every organisation because it is not until
when the management is properly enhanced by the method of operations that they will get to
know and understand the different roles and responsibilities that are in regard to them. For the
business growth as well as the organisational reputation it is important that the management will
have to focus upon certain substantial ways and those will defect different responsibility. The
entire report will bring forth the essence of operations management and the steps as well as the
components that are involved in it. The organisation that is chosen in this regard as Tesco. Tesco
is one of the largest grocery retailer in United Kingdom and is said to be the oldest retailer that is
making profit till date. The operations management in Tesco is put forth in the report with the
ideology of highlighting the choices that are being taken by the organisation every now and then
that made them one of the most successful and flourishing one till date (Mišić and Perakis,
2020).
Part 1
OPERATION VS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Operations are defined to be the entities that are being carried forward it by the organisation in
order to create an economic impact. The one that is chosen in this regard is Tesco. Tesco is
known to be one of the largest retailer in United Kingdom and is also one of the topmost retailing
choices. The operations with regard to the organisation Tesco will include those of suppliers
customers and technological implementations that are being taken place in the organisation. The
suppliers part is nothing but the required product or the material that is to be stipulated in the
organisation will therefore be supplied by the different supply chains that are available for the

organisation. This is one of the operational process that will inculcate the set of products that are
to be displayed in every department of the organisation. The suppliers play a crucial role because
it is not until when the good product reaches the organisation that the organisation can move
ahead with the final operations of transaction. The different set of instructions that are given to
employees in the organisation will therefore be followed by them effectively such that they get to
interact with every customer and identify their choices such that on a prior basis the organisation
can provide them with their required need. It is not until when the organisation gets in contact
with its customers that it will get to know the priorities as well as their needs. For a level of
customer satisfaction it is a mandatory that the organisation will have to identify the choices first
and therefore the processes will have to be initiated (Gölzer and Fritzsche, 2017). For this
process the entire operational unit of the organisation Tesco is divided into small sector and each
sector is provided with a manager. Every manager will take charge over the customer interaction
and the purchase along with maintaining a statistical data. All this efficient methodologies will
come under the operational unit of the organisation where the employees are involved in
generating revenue on a weekly or a monthly basis for the organisation. This will in return get to
understand the targets as well as objectives of the organisation such that the business can
efficiently work in the retailing sector. Technological implementations are another set of
operational units in the organisation where technology is at its best nowadays. The technological
implementations will have to be carry forward in the organisation in regard to the purchasing
facility or the display boards are the dashboards such that people will get to understand the
required products that are being displayed. This will also make sure that the products that are
present in the organisation will solely depicted to entire customer base and they will not face a
difficulty in picking the choices. The transaction mode when applied on a technological basis
people will find it easy in order to purchase the item and to pay for it (Lee and Tang, 2018). The
operational management in the organisation is said to be the one that will look after all the
profitable aspects of the organisation. Profit is an important criteria for every organisation and
that can only be maintained its operations are performed in the better possible manner. In a
company like Tesco where it is a retailing sector and there are different competitive advantages
that are related to the retailing sector that the operations management in this particular
organisations will have to be taken care about with regard to managing quality and the services
that are to be offered by the management to its customers.

Continuous Improvement plan
The continuous improvement plan with regard to Tesco if such that the organisation focuses
upon how far it can move ahead with the aspect of digitisation. Although every work that is to be
stipulated in the organisation will take years to complete at the organisation is moving ahead in
order to incorporate and implement different documentations as well as the leadership team such
that confidence can be built in decision-making processes. There are several Business
Development areas with regard to retailing sector and Tesco mainly focuses upon all the
strategies such that it can improve its customer base. Out of everything the major concern for
improvement as its leadership skills because the different sectors that are divided in the
organisation are said to be provided with diverse teams and they are to be guided in the better
possible manner.
REVIEW AND CRITIQUE ON OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Review
Operations management will significantly deal with the sustainability aspect of the organisation
Tescoand that can only improve the production facilities. The cost effective measures as well as
the processes that are involved in dealing with difficult investors is being included in the
operations management which is set to be one of the prominent aspect that is dealt by the
organisation (Grover, 2020). There are set of articles that will describe the origins of operation
management in test for and that with regard to a great focus on the supply chain models. It is not
until when the relationship between suppliers as well as the producer is maintained in a better
possible manner that the distributors and the customers will feel happy about. The main
functions of operations management of the organisation Tesco will deal with the supply chain
relationship and the sustainability standards that are maintained by the organisation. As it is
already mentioned that is per is one of the largest retailers in the United Kingdom and the history
of operations management is entirely dependent upon the small units of organisation that are
essentially portraying sustainability measures. The goal of the organisation as to maintain and
integrate approach towards the strategic management by maintaining their objectives and
achieving them at regular intervals of time. That comes on operations that are in relation to the
operations management of the organisation will defect the prospect of normal and traditional
mould. Every now and then there will be different changes in the business community and those
will have to be taken care about by the organisation. There is an expansive role that is being

played by your organisation in terms of management and that can only be achieved with proper
conclusions and appropriate measures to move ahead with the management policies.
LEAN MANAGEMENT
Lean management will consist of different set of tools that are essential in order to move ahead
with the product techniques as well as identification. There is certain ways that is in the
organisation which can be eliminated through different improvement that can be processed in
terms of production or through activities that can be incorporated (Guha and Kumar, 2018). The
lean management is all about the principles that are important in order to move ahead with the
production and process of waste. The waste here is the one that is of no use and the value that is
in regard to it is said to be the one that is not added. The lean processes in the organisation Tesco
will include all the processes of eliminating the waste and the primary lead the objective of the
organisation is to move ahead with stipulated resources without much wastage. This focuses on
improving the productivity which is one of the essential components to deal with in the
organisation and also improve the relationship between customers and suppliers. The flow will
have to be enhanced at regular intervals of time and therefore the principles that are originated in
this applied equally over the business balls. The common goal for every organisation is the one
that is concerned with goods and services. The organisation Tesco will focus upon a better
standard and quality that are important to maintain a good input. This is one of the major aim
which is holding the organisation into looking after the inputs of labour as well as the materials
that are necessary to be complied upon (Gunasekaran and et.al, 2018). There are certain margins
of profits that are getting tight and because of the costs that are endured upon things. Upon
adopting the lean management the organisation can minimise the cost effective measures and this
can also be enhanced in waste reduction and eradication of definite set of activities. This can
focus upon the laws and deterioration of materials which can therefore the process and eliminate
it and upon improving efficiency of the organisation. The objective lens is set to be one of those
that is developed in Japan in 1970. This is said to be defined as the management without waste.
its primary focus is to gain continuous improvement and that can result in different maximization
as well as five skilled work.

Part 2
PROJECT TITLE
Theoretical in-house project is what is being mentioned in this report. This report one can easily
understand the onset of criteria that is being taken place and the team where movements like that
of reducing staff from the premises during the lunch break as well as creating condition issues
are being highlighted (Demirkesen and Ozorhon, 2017). As a part of the project it is always
essential that the staff will have to be provided with certain help and that can be helpful in
developing a Healthy lifestyle. For this different methodologies will apply and the tools of
leadership will have to be derived. a project is set to be criteria for a concept that is designed in
order to meet the Expectations of the organisation with regard to any stipulated task that is being
taken or is allotted. There are different development areas that are associated in every project that
will bounce back into the mechanism where the employees can get to habituated to the fact that
they will learn something from the derived project.
Project Initiation: Every project is composed of initiation phase which is also known as the
project initiation phase. this is the point where every opportunity that is to be drawn in regard to
the project is determine. The reasons that are to be undertaken in order to identify the choices
that are to be developed during the project will therefore be identified in this prospect
(Radujković and Sjekavica, 2017). It is necessary that an assembly will have to be required in
order to move ahead in defining the details of the project. The project initiation stage will define
the crucial role of every project life cycle. The company Tesco formulates groups or teams to
move ahead with this approach. In this case study where the teams will have to be provided with
adequate amount of knowledge as well as the division will have to be carried in the way they are
to be such that the state that is associated in developing the opportunities that are to be
highlighted will therefore be listed. In this particular stage there is an advantage of which the
opportunities that are in regard to the project that is being initiated will therefore be granted
towards the entire project. There are certain things that are to be included while developing a
project initiation. The project manager role is said to be one of the crucial role where he will be
in charge of identifying all the choices that are to be made and which are necessary to be
understood. It is mandatory that the project necessity will have to be understood and then the
evaluation of time and cost per estimates will have to be decided. The project cannot be defined

unless and until all the activities are constituted at one particular instance. There are a set of
activities that are to be taken care about while dealing with project initiation.
Assignment of project to project manager: as mentioned earlier project manager is defined to be
one of the crucial prospect for every project (Ika and et.al, 2020). This is to ensure that we have a
project manager is being detailed in order to stipulate for the project that is necessary to be taken
care about will have to develop a deep understanding regarding the orientation and will also have
to identify different prospects of opportunities as well as the risk that are involved in at. There
are different stages where the project manager will have to identify and will have to develop the
strategies in order to win over the circumstances. In the case study that is provided the employee
is in the team will have to be provided with at most orientation that they will get all the skills that
are necessary and are to be included.
Understanding business case: the case upon which the organisation has oriented the project and
is initiated towards a project manager will have to be thoroughly understood. It is not until when
the comprehend reasoning will have to be initiated that the understanding processes will not be
justified. There are a range of initiatives that are to be fulfilled and understanding the project
requirements and that will have to be carry forward in the better possible manner highlighting on
the elements of the project. These considerable benefits will have to be monitored.
Project planning: The project planning is also defined to be the phase of the project initiation
where there are a list of quantities as well as the probabilities that are being stipulated on to the
project management. Project planning is defined to be a crucial asset of every project
management (Picciotto, 2020). The project manager will have to deal with certain entities of
project planning and this will have to include all the schedules that are to be derived in order to
move ahead with the circumstances that are to be incorporated in the project. Setting stages will
have to be initiated while building steps for project planning. Project planning is the phase which
will define a different set of entities as well as it will also stand as a guidance to the every step
that is to be taken by the organisation Tesco. Upon completely identifying the choices that are to
be included in order to raise the performance of every individual in the product it is necessary
that the project manager will have to highlight all the essential that are required in order to make
the team engage in the activities that are required to bring about good opportunities. the
successful implementation will only be possible when everyone in the project will time to
identify the different essential that are to be contributed and take them as a priority. Efficiency of

every project will only be defined by the execution as well as the planning. Planning is necessary
in order to additional you move ahead with the analysing and prioritising different set of entities
that are to be included in making a project plan. The different stages that are included while
making a project plan are as follows:
Outline the business case: the business case on which the project is being stipulated will have to
be correctly identified and will also have to be outlined (Armenia and et.al, 2019). This outlining
will require a set of entities that will include all the resources as well as the strategies that are to
be implied upon. In the case study that is considered in this report the planning will have to be
initiated for exchange program in the organisation. For this it is necessary to understand the real
terms of the organisation and also the business objectives that that whatever kind of
identification of the specific measures that are to be introduced or to be included in the particular
set of entities that are a conceptual argument in this project will therefore be initiated.
Meet with stakeholders: taken as a part of every organisation and in some product stakeholders
will also play a major role (Kivilä and et.al, 2017). It is necessary that the planning process will
have to include the stakeholder and their choices also such that they can move ahead with the
allotment that is required and also the necessary resources that are to be stipulated from their
side. It is not until when the project is uniformly divided between everybody in the team along
with the stakeholder that it gets a major priority as well as it can be completed on time.
Defining project scope: the project scope will have to be defined which means that all the
accomplishing factors the objectives that are included in generating the required output will
therefore be identified and set forth.
Set goals and objectives: the goals and objectives will have to be identified. The goals will also
required to be the short-term of the long-term goals based on the deadline of the project. usually
every organisation will work on a project for over a short period of time and that will revolve
around two to three months. When this paying the short period of time then the short-term goals
will therefore be identified and will have to be completed. For this set of plan the short term
goals will be such that the weekly plan will therefore be fulfilled and followed by the monthly
plan. Whatever be the onset of planning it must be regularly executed and monitored such that all
the controllable factors will therefore be delivered. The planning phase is an important criteria
where the requirements of project deliverance will be identified. Once these requirements are
identified the project can be scheduled and can be put into creation. The steps in order to move

ahead with different on set of execution will be identified and that is all necessary in order to
purely get oriented with the output.
Project execution: Project execution phase is an important phase of every project management.
The life cycle of every project is dependent upon how far it is being executed (Tereso and et.al,
2019). This is also defined to be most demanding face of every project management and that is
carried for by different activities that are constructed in order to deliver the essence of project.
This project execution phase will probably require the amount of focus that is necessary in order
to put forth by the project manager such that every change that is to be adhered in the project will
therefore be supervised. The continuous monitoring is required in order to move ahead with the
progress and it is also to be ensured that the tasks will only be the milestones if the team stick to
certain deliverables that are required for projects to be scheduled. The project execution phase is
such that the team that is oriented in order to constitutes for the project management will
therefore be included on an immense basis. As a project manager it is the duty to give entire
team the required analysis to carry forward the plan as well as the prospect of the project such
that the project management can be carried forward in a more harmonious way. During the
project in execution stage it is necessary that people will have to be managed in the team. A
project team consists of four or more members that are constituted as a part of teams at that every
activity that is required to be performed in regard to project execution will therefore be fulfilled
(Banihashemi and et.al, 2017). There are a set of processes that are involved in managing the
entire resources that are necessary to be stipulated other strategic early or physically. This is to
be taken care about because of proper communication is necessary that is put forth by entire team
members along with the manager that is coordinating with entire team. While executing the
project it is necessary to keep in mind the time as well as the budget that is stipulated because
these two are the essential factors to determine the pace of every organisation. When the project
is crossing it stipulated deadline it means that what number of resources are being consumed and
there will be a wastage of finances. A team morale will have to be maintained that will bring
about good satisfaction and the results that are a part of project progress will be attained. A set of
sequential organisational preferences that are a part of execution phase will have to be initiated
that will bring about the project scope. Project scope is necessary because whatever the team is
putting forth their energy or the resources will entirely dependent upon the scope of the project.
Team work will have to be managed by the amount of corrective actions that are being taken.

Throughout the project a proper communication will have to be maintained between manager as
well as the team members. When the manager will not convey its prospective to its team member
it becomes difficult for the entire team to work upon the principles that are designed to be
obtained. This communication will act as a barrier in the coming days of the project where they
might feel difficulties when there is lack of communication. The execution phase is such that
whenever a task is completed it means that it represents a complete milestone that is being
achieved in the project life cycle. It is also necessary that all the implementations of the changes
will have to be documented at regular intervals of time such that whenever there is a correct and
that is to be made then it becomes easier. All the principle that are listed in the project planning
will have to be initiated and will have to be executed in the better possible manner that that
yielding results will be a major criteria that can be counted on.
Project closure: Project closure is a final stage of every project management. Project closure
will include all the deliverables as well as the criteria that is to be met with regard to project.
This is an important phase which will also be included as one of the most prominent one in the
project management. The project closure is something when the team that is stipulated in order to
work for the entire project will therefore be handing the project to its management (Sanchez and
Terlizzi, 2017). After it is being handed over to the management than the management will give
it to the customers who is responsible for the entire project. Before closing the entire project it is
necessary to identify all the stages that are listed such that everything will be guaranteed while
the project is being completed. This will also be the post implementation review such that every
element that is to be included will be guarantee. The template that will include the closure of the
entire project that will bring about a quick and efficient analysis of the entire points that are to be
highlighted. The documentation is being prepared which will bring about all the business
contracts as well as the equipment that are being used in processing of the project. This can be
entered upon the activities that are organised as part of a set such that the entire experience of
highlighting the choices that are acting as a part of consistent documentation can therefore be
prepared.
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
Adaptive project framework: The adaptive project framework is one of the methodology that is
inherited by Project Management and by the project manager such that here the scope of the
project will be a variable one. The scope that is mentioned in the project area will therefore vary

based on the time and the cost of the constants that are highlighted for the project. In this
particular aspect the scope will not be a uniform one all over the project management. It will be
based on how far the resources are being stipulated in order to carry forward the operations of
project management. This for adjusting the scope to an extent to which the resources are
available will therefore be a proper framework that can be adaptive. This will also help to attain
maximum business value.
Crystal method: The crystal method that is used as a part of the project management in this
particular case study is such that it will reflect upon the processes in a low priority basis. It is not
that the processes are highlighted but the methods that are focused upon like that of the
communication which is essential for every team in order to build the components that are
required. In this agile software where there are different crystal methods like that of people and
their interaction will be highlighted in order to move ahead with the processes that are included.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Organisations like Tesco as to ensure that they are being able to take appropriate steps by which
their performance within the marketplace is being improved. This is necessary for corporation
because by improvising its work productivity it can ensure that it is being able to take
appropriate innovative approaches by which overall work productivity will be increased. It
becomes significant because by implementation of innovative approaches level of services which
have been provided to the customers will be improved. However it is not as easy as it is being
said because companies have to make several changes within their daily operations by which it
tends to ensure that its employee workforce is able to take appropriate steps as per the current
requirements. This can be seen in the case in which the company has to establish work
synchronism approach within its factory working area and office area therefore since a step has
to be taken to improve synchronism among departments due to which overall work complexity
will also be increased.
Company have to take several suitable steps by which the amount of complexity which are being
faced by the company is being reduced. Does in order to accomplish this strategy has to be
developed in context with all the associated factors like the organisational stakeholders as well.
The strategy developed by the corporation will empower it to identify the current requirement
while also empower the Tesco that it is being able to take innovative approaches as per the
forecasted market requirement. It is not as easy as it is being said because in order to implement

changes, company has to sure that it is having efficient economic growth (Chen and et.al, 2019).
Due to which it has to take several market penetration approach by which its market share can be
increased which will result in strong economic growth to manage its operations.
Operation management can also be accomplished by the company through implementing
computerized approaches in which software’s are being used for daily operation documentation.
With this overall work productivity can be identified efficiently and organisation can ensure that
it is being able to achieve desired target within minimum efforts. Implementation of
computerized approach within the operation management activity will allow Tesco to track the
daily operation properly. It is being accomplished through the help of internal communication
platform in which inter departmental communication platform is been provided to the employees
in which they are being able to discuss the overall task requirement with each other and then and
that basis are being able to take appropriate steps through which overall work productivity will
be improved. Despite of several associated advantages there are certain challenges as well which
have to be faced by Tesco in order to implement computerized approach for operation
management. These challenges include the facts of high initial investment in terms of installing
the internal communication network while also so there are certain changes as well which
include challenges like time consumption and training to employee for their appropriate
utilisation of computerised platforms.
CONCLUSION
The entire report concludes of on explaining the aspect of operations management and its
importance. Through this report one can easily understand that operations management is
essential in an organisation in order to deal with the business processes which are mandatory to
be inculcated. The Definite set of practices that fall in regard to the business or an organisation
will be included in operations management and that can cope up with the efficiency of an
organisation. The report also explains that different resources are stipulated for the primary
concern of customer requirements and that can only be process the until the management is
properly enhance by the method of operations that are understood by different roles. Theory
regarding operation vs operations management is being depicted which helps to understand and
create economic impact. The Chosen company in this regard is Tesco which will highlight the
topmost retailing choices that are being inculcated in the organisation. The report also brings for

the different technological implementations that are put forth in operations management that will
define it from operations. The complete set of review and critique on operations management is
being provided at which will help to analyse the set of articles that are being mentioned upon
operations management. The sustainability standards will have to be maintained and that can
only be possible if sustainable measures are maintained in the organisation. Critique is also
provided which will provide the basic negative traits of the operational management and those
that are to be taken care about by the management in order to inculcate the choices that are
necessary for the organisation to move in regard to noise of implementation.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Chen and et.al, 2019. How do project management competencies change within the project
management career model in large Chinese construction companies?. International Journal
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Gunasekaran and et.al, 2018. Bridging humanitarian operations management and organisational
theory.
Ika and et.al, 2020. Cross-learning between project management and international development:
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Online
Operations Management: [Online]. Available through: < Operations Management - Overview,
Responsibilities, Skills Required (corporatefinanceinstitute.com) >
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