Higher National Diploma: Operations and Project Management Report

This report delves into the core concepts of operations and project management, using Unilever as a case study to illustrate key principles and strategies. It begins by outlining the objectives and principles of operations management, emphasizing customer service, resource utilization, material management, quality control, and maintenance management. The report then explores various approaches to operations management, including Six Sigma and Lean principles, contrasting their methodologies and applications. A significant portion of the report is dedicated to the development of a continuous improvement plan, detailing the principles of such a plan and providing a practical application through the use of SMART objectives. Furthermore, the report investigates project management, focusing on project life cycles, methodologies, and the rationale behind these processes. It analyzes the effectiveness of project life cycles through theoretical and practical explorations, differentiating between large and small-scale projects. The report concludes with an overall assessment of the concepts discussed and their practical implications.

Operations and Project
Management

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P 1 Objective and principles of operation management..............................................................1
M1Approches of operation management.....................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P 2Prepare a continues improvement plan by using operation management theories ................3
D1 Apply appropriate theories, concepts and/or models to justify strategies of a continuous
improvement plan for achieving improved efficiency.................................................................6
P3 Formulation of project Life cycle...........................................................................................6
M3 Analyse the rationale for the project methodologies, tools and leadership within the PLC
for the given project.....................................................................................................................8
P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models..................................................................................8
M4 Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, concepts and models in the PLC
will differentiate between large and small-scale projects..........................................................10
D2 Critically evaluate the PLC through a practical and theoretical exploration of its
effectiveness..............................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION

Operation are the activities through which organizations convert their raw material into
finished gods and distribute it to final customer. By using effective operation and project
management strategies managers able to attain their goals. To understand value of these term
Unilever has been taken. This report includes objective and principle use for operation
management and strategies tools apply for managing business activities. Source and technique
use of project management through which organization able to find out way by using working
breakdown and Gantt chart structure in systemic way.
TASK 1
P 1 Objective and principles of operation management
Operation management: It is procedure of management which use in reviewing,
controlling and managing each operational business activity, which consider production,
distribution of good and services. Operations can be define as those activities which useful in
trading running business organization in effected way. Following are the objective of operation
management
Customer service: Manager on the basis of using operation management theories in
concept provide best kind of customers services which help in attract the year customer Unilever
on the basis of providing best quality of services products to the street in market about to fulfil
objective of operation management (Kavadias, 2014).
Resource utilization: There are various kinds of resources news by business
organisation for the year working procedure it is really essential to maintain sources and utilised
and according to the mail and want of business activities by using to say operation management
manager of Unilever able to utilise their resources in positive or effective.
Material management: Operation management is basically used to control manage and
analyse material required for converting going to finish products it is ready essential to control
the cost of inventory and maintain properties to manage all the materials by using operation
management tools Unilever manager materials buy this is used for managing all the product
which help in attain goal.
Quality control: The main objective of operation management is to manage control
quality of products they mean in stupid use products in a way through which they can maintain
quality it help in generating process by managing in controlling quality this is answer help in

gaming confidence of customers. Manager of Unilever reply operation management on concept
to maintain all the essential resources the manage all department with useful in achieving in
gaming this is objective
Maintenance management: Manager of Unilever reply operation management on
concept to maintain all the essential resources the menace all department with useful in achieving
in attain objective
Principle of operation management:
Agile: This principle is based on the assumption that it is used for manage and maintain
software use during operation management. It is different from other technique and principle
used by operation management concept. Thus it is essential to take part. Manager of Toyota use
or apply this for maintain their software which use for their operations.
Mass customization: This principle is used for marketing purpose. By using this strategy
organization able to customize product which they use for sell purpose. These products are
produce at low cost by using this principle.
Flexible specialization: Operation management principle are based on the concept that
organization are dynamic thus no policies and strategies are conceptuality use for this purpose
management department ned to formulate their policies in a way which flexible work.
Principle of reality: this principal bass on the concept that no of concept is applicable in
any situation everything is temporary provide universal solution for any problem does it is really
required to managers when the use operation management studies and concept within the real
business activities that the basis of situation analysing market condition the apply to stories
picture applicable according to mod their situation because no one theory give permanent
solution of any problem does management department of human liver after analysing market
condition you stories of concept of operation management student business activities (Brones, de
Carvalho, and de Senzi Zancul, 2014).
Principle of organization: This principle state that every business corporation need to
organize their each business policies strategies equipment, they use for run business activities.
All the department needs to focus on implementing and organizing those business activities
through which they can organize and maintain each source they use or implement for their
business running cycle. Management department of Unilever also apply this concept which is
useful in organizing their debarment business activities.

Principle of fundamentals: According to this principle fundamentals are essential and
vital part for business organizations. It is really required by organizations to work in accordance
it fundamental procedure According to this principle all the relevant policies and procedure
formulate in accordance with fulfilling essential work and fundamental Principle. On the basis of
that organization able to attain their business goals. Unilever thus follow specific rules which
useful in gaining and attaining their goals.
Principle of accountability: According to this principle every department in liable to
their work and tools use for controlling production resource, quality and managing each and
every level of organization business activities showcase that every department is accountable for
their work. If the will be error of defect aeries between or among product then manufacturing
department liable for the loss value. On the basis of following this principle , managers able to
control issue arises related with accountability.
Principle of variance: Management department of Unilever follow this principle which
states that nothing is permanence and change is compulsory for running organization in effective
way. And applying rule for adopting and accepting business changes. Variance useful in
accepting changes management department of Unilever focus on this principle and able to adopt
changes on the basis for applying these principle
M1Approches of operation management
Management department of Unilever use operational management theories and concept for
their business activities they apply principle as well as work for attain objective of operation
management. Unilever apply operation management approaches through which they can able to
run their business activities in effective way.
Six Sigma: This methodology use in project manages procedure. It help in working
activities or project task in systematic manner which useful in attaining business goals. Manager
identify object then formulate business strategies. On the basis of formatting effective business
strategies they apply their project activities and on the basis of that they find error and use those
policies and activities which useful in reducing business error and organization then able to work
in effect manner.
Lean principle: This methodology focus on the principle that management department
formulate project plan and on the basis of that they receive each procedure and on the basis of
that they cut throat business errors. It is most realise and time consuming methodology which

organization use . It will help in attaining business objective and able to complete project of
Unilever within given period of time.
Difference between six sigma and lean
Lean Six Sigma
This is related with produce standard product
and it is prefer low variety.
This technique is used in mostly services
organizations.
It is stable and require forecast There will be no special requirement regarding
this technique
This technique focus on controlling wastage
production activities by cutting unwanted
business activities.
Six Sigma is use for decision making purpose.
I is comparatively expenses technique. Six Sigma is also expensive technique however
not more then Lean technique.
TASK 2
P 2Prepare a continues improvement plan by using operation management theories .
Continuous improvement plan: It is systematic procedure which helpful in improvising
process, product and service offer by organization for their customer. By using various operation
and project management strategies, manager able to improve their business products and service.
It is set of business activities which design improve ongoing procedure of business activities.
The main purpose of applying and using continues improvement plan is that it will help in
accepting change require for organization and useful in providing customer satisfaction and
able to attain predetermine objective and project management objective within given time period.
Following are the principle use by management department of Unilever for improvement plan.
Improvement are reliable: Continues Continuous improvement plan based on the
junction that by using on implementing this plan organisation able to find out reliable accurate
business result which useful in improving business condition and help in attaining goal.

Employee idea are essential: It is ready essential for using a taken employees idea
during changing in manufacturing procedure for improve business quality and products as
employees are reliable related with market conditions that they have knowledge regarding
customers to on the basis of that management apartment of Unilever continues improvement
plan with helpful in maintaining quality of the business organisation (Artto, Ahola and
Vartiainen, 2016).
Improvements are inexpensive for implementation: Improvement plants and not
comparatively expensive it maybe suggested by changing policies main result in causes of high
cost button the other side it seems that appliance improvement continuous helpful in adoption of
changing policies as well as organisation able to fulfil their project activities on the basis of
requirement in fulfilling in provide full satisfaction to customers does it has been seeing that
improvements and not expensive for implementing essential business operations.
Employee takes ownership: It is the duty of employees that they've help in decision
making as well as providing suggestions regarding improvement continuous plan management
department of Unilever on the basis of taken situation from the employees and analysing market
condition change in the project business activities for providing full satisfaction to their customer
and managing there product quality.
Improvement is measurable: This improvement continuous help in measuring
performance of business organisation band evening and performance analysing technique there
also using in total quality management as well as a using six sigma and methodology through
which organisation able to attend a project activities improvement continuous miserable in
financial through which marketing department able to understand changes arises after using
improvement policies and plants
Improvement is reflective: This principal based on the concept that improvement is the
deflection of strategies and procedure of policies use by this is organisation the reflection of
human being worked performance does by adopting effective improvement plan organisation
able to attend the call with in given time period. For continues plan management department of
Unilever use SMART, policy. They use specific, measurable achievable relevant and time bound
project
Objectives Resources Cost involved Time Who is Review Outcome of

Required required responsible time the review
Attain 20 %
hike in
retail
market sale
All the
essential
resource for
manufacturing
products
It require
Hugh cost for
attaining the
goal of
thinking sale.
As cost
required for
advertisement.
T takes 2 to 3
years time
for achieving
goal.
By using or
formulating
effective
business
project ,
employee are
responsible
One month Two month
Achieve
online
selling
target
Use online
resource.
Software for
applying
digital
marketing
tools
Comparatively
low cost
required for
gaining sales
target .
It requires on
year
By using or
formulating
effective
business
strategies it
as possible
aching this
target.
2 months Within 30
days.
Establish
new outlay
at Central
London
Human,
material, all
resource
essential for
establishing
new
organization
set up.
It required
huge cost for
establishing
new outlay.
Organization
need 3 years
for setting up
new outlay.
Management
department
6 months 2 months
Attract new
market
customer
Effective
communication
and marketing
strategies .
Compatriot
low cost.
Required 2
months
Management
marketing
department.
2 moths 30days.
2.2 Analysis of effectiveness of the continuous improvement plan
Strategies for achieving continuous improvement and efficiency at Unilever
Total quality management: This strategy is used for improvement continues planning
procedure as applying this technique helpful in effective compaction, prove customer satiation
and use for formulating business policies by unseeing strategic management tools. In this
manager take decision on the basis of fact the have and analysing market condition. It useful in
continuous plan for attain business goals.
Kaizen: This word is basically generate from Japanese’s origin which means to change .
It is really essential for use or adopt changeling business strategies. Thus management

department of Unilever apply this concept and on the basis of that they formulate changing
business start as well as apply this in improvement continuous plan procedure. This helpful in
achieving business objectives (Kumar, Mookerjee, and Shubham, 2018).
Process re engineering: This procedure is part of business development process. It is
tool of business management strategies. The main purpose of using this procedure is to focus on
designing and workflow of business activities. Re engineering process useful in taking decision
regarding how they can able to change or convert their business procedure and all the product
they use because customer demand has been change within short time period thus by using this
procedure organization able to change their operations tools.
D1 Apply appropriate theories, concepts and/or models to justify strategies of a continuous
improvement plan for achieving improved efficiency
Management department apply those business strategies through which they can able to
improve their organization performance by applying continues improve plan. Management
department of Unilever by applying effect business strategies and using objective as well as
principle of operation management able to generate and change quality performed. All theses are
help in maintaining business quality of organization and maintain their sustain it the market.
P3 Formulation of project Life cycle
Paul and Penny for starting their new project they need to apply those strategies and
formulate project life cycle plan. It help in attain goal and organization able to maintain their
position in market by attaining business objectives.
Project life cycle: It is the process which showcase essential business phase which help
in determining each and every business element on the basis of that organization able to
formulate strategies and run business cycle in effective way. Project life cycle able to find the
correct path which useful in attaining correct business objective. Following are the project life
cycle for the project of Paul and Penny, they formulate life cycled plan to start up renovating
project at Cyanide.
Project initiation: This is the first stage of project life cycle in which personal think
about how they start or idea generation with on the mind regarding project basically an idea
generate when problem arises regarding with business activities this is organisations on manager
for finding out solution generate ideas to mistaken able to apply on implement it as in the form of
project with helping solving the problem or issues project initial is the first page of project life

cycle it runs out during all the stages in the case of they are for renovation of the year work the
generator idea taken able to solve a problem by starting up office in new project (Todorović, ,
Petrović, Mihić, Obradović,. and Bushuyev, 2015).
Project plan: This is the second stage of project life cycle in this stage on the basis of
idea generation management department for later strategies and plan for making respective
business policies to enable to project with any given time period in project planning Paul and
Penny, all the essential resources required cost and expensive in operate for initiation of project
on the basis of that before minutes policies and collect resources required for exhibition of plans.
It is the most essential page of project like cycle as all the necessary decision has been taken by
management department during the time of project planning become the reason of success of
project on the basis of project planning this is organisations able to use effective strategies theses
are use in formulate plan in effective manner.
Project execution: In this stage all the plans for me later regarding projects has been
project execute activities are running and organisation observe all the project work which the
decided to to do on the basis of formulate engaged network diagrams this is organisation able to
take part in use guideline regarding internet every step they need to take after completion of
previous step in the case of power starting up of the year project the user festival and by for
meeting of vibrate destruction in critical path are able to recognise activities required to long
term the basis of these day find correct path and business activities with able to execute their
projects is the most difficult phase of project class cycle but during the time of problem
management department this it is a ability of team that day can able to cover up all the spread
problems and issues and on the bus of that they able to attend the business objective basically by
using official management tools like total quality management keys and techniques 6 sigma
methodology organisation able to fulfil their goal and work with in the given time period the able
to complete the project this is directly impact on working cycle of business organisation in this
case by utilisation every of operation management in product management technique this fall
able to attend the year goes by using improvement continues plans there also change in activities
which are not suitable for the year project (Padalkar, and Gopinath, 2016).
Project closure: This is the last page of project life cycle in this piece project has been
initially close the project is activity with has been formulate for specific time period and on the
time of completion of all the task management department need to close the app project at this

stage management department give you their work and on the basis of that the monitor in control
all the business activities they find out a differences between budget it and then achieved by the
organisation in on the basis of that the public policy project completion face by fulfilling and
organisation able to give their business take and on the basis of their therefore minutes strategies
triple seeker able to attend the year business objective animals a performance within period and
not the mistake did address project in the case of another able to all project by using effective
operation management and project management tools and activities.
M3 Analyse the rationale for the project methodologies, tools and leadership within the PLC for
the given project.
Paul and Penny for executing their new renovation project. They need to formulate
effective business plan. For this purpose they need to use to formulate project life cycle which
helpful in attaining their project goals. On the basis of using project life cycle plan they ale to
understand each and every business activity for this they use project managed strategies.
Formulating project life cycle useful in
P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models
Paul and Penny for formulating effective business plan they use to formulate breakdown
chart and critical method help in find best result through which they can able to effective path
method and out best way which useful in attaining business goals.
Working breakdown structure:This tool is used for project management activities my
appliance this technique organisations of personnel able to understand internet free activities
related with projects it is well essential to formulate vibrate on structure on the basis of that
organisation able to understand requirements related with organisations management apartment
by applying structures able to understand time acquire for each and every business activities as
well as cost required for fulfilling every activities on the basis of that business organisation able
to understand systematic procedure of each activities it is essential for business.
organisation to forward it by structure on the basis of that the evil to a complete the project with
any given time period all these are essential requirement through which organisation able to

complete the work with and given time period and project activities able to complete for specific
time Paul and penny need to start up the project for this they need to complete there business
activities.
It in a given time period each activity requires particular time and cost on the basis of
formal eating vibrate downstairs it has been analyse is that they need much time for planning and
searching for sight time required for building balls pounding insulting of particular area all these
are helpful in providing initial space to organisation project after finding out planning they are
able to install software years as well as security system they need to require personal and label
for the of in every resources required cost on the basis of that they formulate budget structure is
essential part of every project management technique and process of the used to start first
competition of the particular time period and the basis of working background structure the
finding out slow and activities to which day care able to find a way with helping guiding as well
as working in systematic with us working structure useful in providing correct path for returning
business objective (Kiani, Hosseini, , Taji, and Gholinejad, 2019).