This report delves into the core principles of operations and project management, offering a detailed analysis of how these concepts are applied within two case study organizations: Marks & Spencer (M&S) and Portakabin. Part 1 examines the differences between operations and operational management, critiques the execution of operations management principles, and analyzes their usefulness for businesses. It also explores continuous improvement as a philosophy, describing Lean principles and providing a continuous improvement plan. Part 2 focuses on the project life cycle, critiquing its effectiveness through concepts and models, and analyzing how different theories can be applied to projects of varying scales. The report highlights the importance of organizational principles, change management, quality control, and the adoption of innovative technologies to enhance efficiency, profitability, and customer satisfaction. The analysis includes recommendations for improvement, emphasizing the need for effective supply chain management, innovation, and the adoption of strategies like Lean manufacturing and Total Quality Management.