ITECH7410 Software Engineering: State Diagram for Oral-B Toothbrush

This report provides a detailed analysis of the Oral-B electric toothbrush, focusing on its functionality and interaction with the SmartGuide. The core of the analysis is the development of a state transition diagram, achieved through the application of an H-Bridge motor design with low voltage and an integrated regulator. The methodology includes connecting the motor to output terminals, applying power with specific voltage and current settings, and utilizing a TIDA-00602 control unit. The report further outlines the functions of the Oral-B Braun 5000, its cleaning modes, and the smart guide features, such as pressure sensing, quadrant prompts, and brushing timers. The results section examines the vibration characteristics of the motor, and the conclusion highlights the Oral-B toothbrush as a dentist-recommended tool with advanced features for effective oral health maintenance. The report includes diagrams illustrating the prototype and block diagram of the toothbrush, and references relevant research on electric toothbrush efficacy.

Oral B Electrical toothbrush1
ORAL B ELECTRIC TOOTHBRUSH
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Date

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Introduction
The discovery of the Oral B PRO 5000 smart series that can be connected to the electricity for
recharge and to be used in the maintenance of the oral health is one of the best ways of keeping
the oral health. The technologies with the common power toothbrushes are majorly focused on
the oscillation and the motion caused due to the rotation of the toothbrush. With this, it is a
requirement of the use of smart guide hence gives a motivation for the use of this toothbrush.
This kind of toothbrush is accompanied by a number of the modes of action, designs that are
brittle and different kinds of features. This electric toothbrush has got more significant functions
as compared to the normal toothbrush since it has introduced the brushing technology that uses
the wireless remote that aids in the controlling of the toothbrush. Its, therefore, provides a
professional tool to maintain the oral health1.
Fig 1 :Showing the prototype of oral B toothbrush (Ainamo 2011)
Methodology
1 Ainamo, J., Q. Xie, A. Ainamo, and P. Kallio. "Assessment of the effect of an
oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on oral health A 12‐month longitudinal study." Journal of
clinical periodontology 24, no. 1 (2011): 28-33.

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The design that is applied in this case is the use of the H Bridge motor with low voltage and has
an integrated regulator that regulates the amount of voltage into the circuit.
Equipment
 A battery with a voltage between 1.5 to 6 V
 An 8amp drive peak current and 5Amp continuous current.
 A PCB with a small size of about 42.9 by 13.9 mm
 Components with low counts to reduce the cost
 The battery that has less current leakage when off.
Procedure
I. The motor is to be connected to the output terminal namely OUT1 andOUT2
II. Then the connection of the VM and GND pads was done to the power source, the output
voltage that was used was set between 2V and 4.5 V the current was also set at a
minimum level of about 8A
III. The LDO voltage regulator was turned off due to the pressing down of the switch that led
to the putting of the DRV8850 at a low state of power2.
2 Hickman, J., D. T. Millett, L. Sander, E. Brown, and J. Love. "Powered vs manual tooth
brushing in fixed appliance patients: a short term randomized clinical trial." The Angle
Orthodontist 72, no. 2 (2002): 135-140.

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Specifications of the system
Description of system operation.
In the control unit, there is the use of the TIDA-00602 that controls the circuit and the amplifier
to the motor of the electric toothbrush. The appropriate waveforms are generated using the ultra-
low power microcontroller that is connected to the driver of the H-Bridge motor. The signal that
is coming from the microcontroller is amplified by the motor driver that is either DC or Magnetic
vibration motor3.
The H-Bridge that drives the motor is normally used due to its capability of driving loads with
high currents under low voltages. The bridge is bitterly used in the control system due to its low
minimum input voltage thus maintaining the battery powering system. The board foot prompts is
reduced by the integrated LDO, hence give solutions to the economy and create more compact
solutions. The H-Bridge driver, therefore, is applied in the application of power to the
microcontroller and to the lead-emitting diodes.
3 Van der Weijden, G. A., M. F. Timmerman, M. Piscaer, Y. IJzerman, and U. Van der Velden.
"A clinical comparison of three powered toothbrushes." Journal of clinical periodontology 29,
no. 11 (2013): 1042-1047.

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The microcontroller aids in the independent control of the sides of the H-Bridge both low and
high sides. The low power sleep mode is always maintained to reduce the power consumption
and the driver only wakes up when the controller is changing the output drive. The
microcontroller also operates under the frequency of about 1MHZ due to the conservation of
power.
Block diagram
Fig 2: Showing the block diagram of the oral B electrical toothbrush (Warren, 2011)
Theoretical design of the system
The simple way to design the electric toothbrush with high performance but of low cost is the
use of the electric toothbrush design reference. It has the switch that helps's in the putting of the
system OFF and ON since it has the logic converter and the D type Flip-Flop switch4. The
4 Warren, P. R., and B. Chater. "The role of the electric toothbrush in the control of plaque and
gingivitis: a review of 5 years clinical experience with the Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover [D7]."
American journal of dentistry 9 (2011): S5-11.

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existence of the H-Bridge motor helps in the amplification of the signals from the
microcontroller that aids in the driving of the motor and power supply to the microcontroller
unit.
Video showing the design of the toothbrush is on the link below:
https://youtu.be/krJpqZc-YbA?t=38
 List the functions of the Oral B Braun 5000 electric toothbrush
This kind of toothbrush helps in the removal of the plague that is located along the lines of the
gums compared to the normal toothbrush. With the newest version of the triple action for
controlling of the pressure with the signals ranging from the auditory, visual and sensory that
helps in the adjustme3nt of the speed.
The Oral B toothbrush comes with the interchangeable brush heads that are three, a station for
changing, the case for travel and two pin plugs also for charging.
It has got 3D cleaning action that is clinically proven, it also rotates and pulsates around the teeth
and the gums thus helping in the removal and cleaning of the gums this action hence is more
efficient in cleaning as compared to the normal toothbrush.
This kind of toothbrush is also recharged with modes that are 5: Daily clean mode, the mode that
helps in the taking care of the gums, modes that are dealing with the sensitive part of the teeth,
whitening mode and mode dealing with the deep cleaning. This toothbrush helps in the sensing
of the hard brush and therefore provides an alert on the same.

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This kind of toothbrush also helps in the determining the areas to be brushed since it has the
switching mode that operates in every 30 seconds to give an alert on the areas to be brushed at
that particular intervals.
List of the functionality of the toothbrush smart guide
The toothbrush has a glowing handle that enables the user to grip it easily making it easier to use
while brushing. The pulsation may stop when the excessive brushing is done and the mode
switches to sensitive. The toothbrush has got three types of the signals that aids in the
determining when one is brushing so hard.
When brushing too hard there will be a change of the sound that comes as a result of the stopping
of the pulsating action of the toothbrush hence an indication that one is using the toothbrush so
hard. Furthermore, when the toothbrush is used hard there will be a flash of the light on the
handle of the toothbrush this is an innovative red light that that is integrated into the handle of
the toothbrush. Nevertheless, when the brushing is hard there will be switching of the brushing
mode to the sensitive mode this will intern leads to the reduction the speed of the rotation hence
leading to the reduction of the excessive brushing.
The smart guide unit that is wireless has got a timer for brushing, this aids in giving time for
brushing as recommended by the dentists. The smart guide also sets off a warning that is visual
to protect one from harming and endangering his or her gums while brushing. The smart guide
also have the quadrant prompt, it helps one to brush across the quadrants of the mouth also gives
prompts after every given interval5.
5 Timmerman, M. F., M. Piscaer, Y. IJzerman, and P. R. Warren. "A comparison of the efficacy
of a novel electric toothbrush and a manual toothbrush in the treatment of gingivitis." American

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The smart guide also provides for the determination of the areas to be brushed since it has the
switching mode that operates in every 30 seconds to give an alert on the areas to be brushed at
that particular interval.
Results
In order for the proper vibration of the motor, there has to be an alternation of the current
through the magnetic vibration at a specific period. Cording to the test above, the vibration of the
waveforms were made at a frequency of about 470Hz.This frequency was either increased or
reduced to obtain a better result on mechanical response towards the motors. The limitation of
the amount of current that could be used is determined by the time that the output stays on. When
overcurrent is tripped during the starting of the motor in the brush, some waveform can be
developed in such a way that there is low output or higher frequency could be obtained. Higher
operational current can be obtained once the firmware has switched to more optimal waveforms.
A strong mechanical vibration is achieved once the operation voltage is held at 2 to 3.6 V.
The graph below shows the turn-on the characteristic, a peak output voltage. But during the
standby state there is no leakage since the circuit is open but in case of any leakage then it’s due
to the VM pin in the circuit. The microcontroller is also supplied DRV8850 hence the leakages
are also minimal.
journal of dentistry 11, no. Spec No (2012): S23-8.

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For the case of the DC motor, there is low frequency, that will allow the turning of the motor to a
particular degree and then to return back to the normal state, Hence that graph below is obtained
giving the waveforms as indicated below. The waveforms show the alternation of the
microcontroller with the motor at a frequency of about 200Hz.

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Conclusion
The Oral B toothbrush is currently the most recommended toothbrush by the dentist to be used
by people around the world. It has got a look that is more sophisticated, the handle is more
advanced and easier to grip making it more comfortable to use during brushing. It also has a
finger stop that enables easier stoppage of the operation. The Oral B electric toothbrush is also
fitted with the smart guide that helps in increasing the mode of operation by giving the guideline
on thorough but gentle way of brushing. This kind of toothbrush aids in the elimination of the
errors that might be caused by human during brushing hence protecting the users from more
serious gum problems. It’s also the best kind since it is fitted with newest version of the triple
action for controlling of the pressure with the signals ranging from the auditory, visual and
sensory that helps in the adjustment of the speed. This Oral B toothbrush comes with the

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interchangeable brush heads that are three, station for changing, case for travel and two pin plugs
also for charging.
This kind of the toothbrush is clinically proven by the dentist and removes plaque as compared to
the normal toothbrushes. This kind of toothbrush is accompanied by a number of the modes of
action, designs that are brittle and different kinds of features. This electric toothbrush has more
significant functions as compared to the normal toothbrush since it has introduced the brushing
technology that uses the wireless remote aiding in the controlling of the toothbrush, hence
professional tool to maintain the oral health is being provided by this Oral B electric toothbrush.
There is a reduction of the risk of injuries since there are no leakages that may lead to the electric
shock.

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Bibliography
Ainamo, J., Q. Xie, A. Ainamo, and P. Kallio. "Assessment of the effect of an
oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on oral health A 12‐month longitudinal study." Journal of
clinical periodontology 24, no. 1 (2011): 28-33.
Barnes, C. M., and L. Menaker. "A comparison of the Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover (D5)
electric and a manual toothbrush in affecting gingivitis." The Journal of clinical dentistry 4, no. 2
(2012): 48-51.
Boyd, R. L., P. Murray, and P. B. Robertson. "Effect on periodontal status of rotary electric
toothbrushes vs. manual toothbrushes during periodontal maintenance: I. Clinical results."
Journal of Periodontology 60, no. 7 (2010): 390-395.
Clerehugh, V., P. Williams, W. C. Shaw, H. V. Worthington, and P. Warren. "A practice-based
randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of an electric and a manual toothbrush on gingival
health in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances." Journal of dentistry 26, no. 8 (2012): 633-
639.
Cronin, M., W. Dembling, P. R. Warren, and D. W. King. "A 3-month clinical investigation
comparing the safety and efficacy of a novel electric toothbrush (Braun Oral-B 3D Plaque
Remover) with a manual toothbrush." American journal of dentistry 11, no. Spec No (2014):
S17-21.
Heanue, M., S. A. Deacon, C. Deery, P. G. Robinson, A. D. Walmsley, H. V. Worthington, and
W. C. Shaw. "Manual versus powered tooth brushing for oral health." Australian Dental Journal
50, no. 2 (2005): 123.
Heinzelman, Bert D., Donald R. Lamond, and John Moldauer. "Toothbrush head." U.S. Patent
Application 29/025,657, filed June 4, 2015.