Organisational Behaviour Analysis: Culture, Power, and Politics

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of "A David & co Limited." It explores the impacts of organisational culture, politics, and power on individuals and teams, examining models like Charles Handy's culture model and the different types of organisational power. The report further delves into motivation theories, including content and process theories, with a focus on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Adam's Equity Theory. It also explains the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams and applies concepts of organisational behaviour to the given scenario. The report concludes with an evaluation of the application of these concepts and philosophies, offering valuable insights into improving organisational performance.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1: Analysis about how organisation culture, politics and power impacts individual as well as
team........................................................................................................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................7
P2 Content and process theories of motivation......................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour.......................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
An organisation is considered to be a group of people with a particular objective such as a
business or government department. It can also be considered as a social unit of individuals that
is planned and managed to meet a specific requirement to follow collective goals (Carpenter,
Berry and Houston, 2014). This project assignment is focussed on the organisation behaviour
among employees and the management of “A David & co Limited”.
This report is all about making effective analysis about the impacts of culture, politics and
power on particular behaviour of other people operating in an organisation. Apart from this,
specific motivation tools and techniques are being mentioned that could assist in achieving goals
more quickly. Understanding of corporate with skilled employees in accordance to get maintain
sustainability is covered clearly. At the end of the report, application of concepts and
philosophies of organisational behaviour in the given scenario are evaluated under this project.
TASK 1
P1: Analysis about how organisation culture, politics and power impacts individual as well as
team
Every organisation need to follow certain responsibility towards their staffs and employees
that will assist them in attaining overall aims in near future time. In the present scenario, lot of
competition is being seen because of which major impacts are observed with power, politics and

culture within an organisation like A David & co Limited. Organisational culture is said to be
one relatively considered as uniform and enduring values, norms and practices that are
exchanged among employees working in the same premises. It has been found that people used
to adopt culture as per the requirements of the company by implementing essential values,
beliefs and regulation as they carry from their past experiences. The major impacts of culture are
that it would show their vision, interest, attitude and other crucial factors (Dixon, 2017).
Culture: It is one of the crucial aspects for producers and distributions of fruits and
beverages and other goods or items supply to different hotels, restaurant and nursing care home
and school as well as different parts of the country. To make proper allocation of various work
ethic and culture that can help A David & co Limited company to make their team to face any
kind of issues that are associated with the department. In accordance to maintain a proper healthy
culture, it is essential for the department to adopt effective model that can always support an
organisation. The company can go for Charles Handy culture model that can assist them to
establish a better culture for the staffs and employees.
Charles Handy Culture model: This particular model is categories into four parts that are
mentioned below:
Power culture: While operating in A A David & co Limited or any other organisation,
power is considered to be the only few people such as leaders and managers. Like, there are
various employee’s in A David & co but there is only one leader who can lead the managers to
attain the activities more effectively. Managers are allotted with distinct department under which
they have to operate. Like a production manager will only perform their role with respect to their
operation in context to their sections. Thus, all directors are get impacted by the operations since
they work together with managers that can have influenced by their supervisors. The people that
could have power had also had right to control and have a tendency to draw attention of other
manager. They arrange employees to complete the tasks by providing proper training and
development session to them. The leader of a group or an association has the power to direct
their group so that they can work in coordination and accomplish a particular target. It is
necessary for a A David & co Ltd to lead their group with the goal that they can attain their
profitability and effectiveness to the accomplish predetermine objective of an organisation
(Fisher and To, 2012).

Role culture – Every employee is committed towards their jobs and duty while working
at A David & co Limited. It is the responsibility of management to allot the tasks to employees
as per their likes and interest so that they can perform in more proper manner. They are willingly
ready to faced challenges that are creating obligation in achieving their objective. As, each
individual includes their particular job within an association and because of this they have role
regarding their work.
Task culture: It is a significant culture for employees and organisation at the same point
of time. In A David & co Limited, various teams are categories as per the knowledge and
experience of employees to form a specific department. There is a trained team such as quality
control of chemical that is built to attain a target and deliver appropriate solution to the issues.
Henceforth, task culture will make impacts positive ways to enhance organisational performance
and efficiency that generate maximum return to the company (Fugate, Prussia and Kinicki,
2012).
Person culture: As per this culture, individual that are working within an organisation
are self-concentrated and they feel that they are more crucial than the organisation. In this
culture, A David & co can have to suffer because employees are not thinking about firm and they
are entirely aimed on themselves only. This would be made huge impacts on the overall
organisation because of this behaviour chances of downfall can be increase for the company in
near future time.
A David and Co limited must adopt the role, task and culture power which help them to
achieve the objective and goals in a specific period of time.
Organisation Power: In general term power may be defined as the control of one over the
other individual or a whole team. Organisation power is an important part of an organisation as
it is used by manager to teach and guide to perform operation and business activity that help
them to grow. Similarly, A David and co limited can adopt various kinds of power to influence
worker of company so that they can expand their company. In this context, there are different
kinds of power that are crucial to influence team and individual to improve performance that are
described below:
 Expert Power: This is related to improving the knowledge and skills of individual that
help them to react in any of the upcoming condition within company. For example, a
production manager with more knowledge is able to analyse the production of food items

than any other leader of company (Greenberg and Colquitt, 2013). As a result of
specialised individual in A David and Co limited would help them improve the efficiency
and behaviour of worker.
 Referent Power: In company A David and co-manager handle and treat other employee
or team member with great respect and get collaboration and develop trust among them to
do certain business activity. Referent power is held by the team leaders who directs a
team and it’s their responsibility to manage work among team members with a
collaboration. So that they can enhance organization productivity and performance and it
influence team work.
 Legitimate Power: This is related to those people believes that an individual can order
them while being on that position. For example, manager may provide instruction to the
worker comply the order because it is given by an authorised person. This will have a
positive result on the team behaviour and increase the performance of employee that help
them to do work assign by manager.
 Coercive Power: An individual is liable to give punishment to other possess coercive
power. In selected company if employee does not behave well with other team member
then manager has the power to terminate them. It will protect company culture and
influence the team behaviour (Hsiung, 2012).
Organizational politics: It is said that power and policies both plays a crucial role in
company which help to govern decision that are made for employee interaction. In A David and
Co limited they can be affected in the different ways:
Positive result: It is advantageous to those workers that acquire to navigate politics at
works. As it increases organisation's productivity and in order to do so A David and Co limited
necessarily to create a political society within the firm. It supports employees to get the
information which they need and they can also spend their time in the production of quality
work. Team will pursue in organization work due to positive politics and it will also increase
company performance.
Negative Result: there are different ways that may influence a company bad effect such
as worker employed in unethical work and they must involve in dishonest activity that reduces
the quality of their work. As a result of this performance and productivity of company will
reduce.

It is clear that A David and Co limited must involve their employee in positive politics
that will help them to gain more benefits as productivity of company will increase. This will
have a positive result on both manager as well as worker and they will learn new thing to
respond in changing and challenging time (Clarke, 2013).
TASK2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation.
Motivation is defined as the activity of inspiration that help people to fulfil its action,
needs and wants in a given period of time. This help them to behave in a specific manner which
guide them to do activity in more effective way so that company goals may be achieved. So there
are various motivation theories that are classified on the basis of specific feature that they
provide to worker such as content and process theory that are described below:
Content theory focus on “WHAT” to be done so that individual and determine their needs
and try various ways to fulfil their requirement (James and Williams, 2013). Whereas the process
theory may be defined as “HOW” individual can be motivated to achieve their task. It is totally
depended upon how motivation will be triggered and what kind of process can be influence
motivation. Some of these important motivational theories are described below:
Maslow Hierarchy theory:
(Maslow Hierarchy theory, 2017)
It is a motivational model theory comprises of five-tier model of human needs which is
best explained through pyramid structure of hierarchical level. Hunger, security, thirst and

respect is a basic thing which an employee needs throughout his/her life. This theory will help to
understand all needs of human life and expectation. This theory will put emphasizes on the
motivation to an employee. There are five different elements in this theory and A David & Co
Limited adopts this theory. All the elements are explained below:
 Physical: These are the basic needs of an individuals which needs to be fulfilled by A
David & Co Limited. These needs are air water, food, rest and health.
 Security: These needs are the second main needs of an individual that a company is
required to fulfil. These needs are safety, stability and shelter. If individuals are not
getting these elements, then it may reduce their motivation level.
 Social: These are the society related needs that may occur when an individual is having
high standard in society. These are being loved, belonging and inclusion.
 Ego: It is need that occur when all the social needs are satisfied and it affects the
individual ego. It consists self-esteem, power and prestige.
 Actualization: These are the last needs of the individual that occurs at the old age. It
includes requirement of development creativity.
Adam's equity theory: This theory was developed by Stacey Adams, as it defines that
worker compare themselves to predicts what they are getting as a result of doing certain work.
According to Adams worker compare with those employees those are equal in term of education,
skills and knowledge. In general, it means that worker evaluate their inputs and result of those
what they have invest while performing in company and if the result is same they get same salary
and benefits that will motivates them or if result do not match it may demotivate them as well. In
Company a David and Co limited worker gives their time, efforts, loyalty, commitment, skills to
do certain work and coordinate well with employee of company so that goals can be achieve.
Employee calculate input share with the results and then they also separate with others if they
find themselves less than others at that time they feel downcast and unmotivated. That’s it is
necessary to treat every employer equivalent so that they can be satisfy with their job roles and
work with full of zeal to attain objectives and goals of the organization (Jex and Britt, 2014). By
making expectation more clear for the employees without goals that will be naturally aimless.
Provide continues feedback from the employees that can assist them to attain overall profitability
and growth for the company.

TASK 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
There are various differences in an effective team and ineffective team. These differences
are as follows:
Effective team Ineffective team
In such type of team, every individual is
provided separate duty and liable to perform it
effectively with coordination.
In ineffective teams an idea is established by
leader and other team members have to follow
the perception, views of team members are not
considered in decision making.
In effective team all the team members are free
to provide their opinion to make a strategic
decision that can help the organisation to attain
predetermined goals.
There is a lack of objectives in team and this
results in conflicts and tensions among team
members (Pieterse, Van Knippenberg,
Schippers and et. al., 2010.).
In this type of team leadership is restricted to a
single person other than the situation is not
very critical. Whole team is responsible to lead
to enhance profitability and improve
performance of each individual.
Ineffective team can affect negatively to the
organisation and decrease profitability.
There is no communication barriers in
effective team as every subordinate have right
to speak with their superiors.
There is little bit of communication channel
that can be carries in between the employees to
understand the goals more clearly.
Members of team are selected by analysing
their skills and ability to perform tasks.
This is not chosen by organisation as there is
no guarantee of members that they will work
hard to attain organisational goals.
Tuckman theory: This theory was introduced by Bruce Tuckman. It has five different
stages that are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning which helps to develop
team. These stages are followed by A David & Co Limited to for an effective team. All stages
are explained below:

 Forming: It is the first stage of Tuckman's theory in which individuals are pooled by the
leader to form a team. In the five to 6 members are allotted to a term and main objective
behind this formulation is to attain organisational goals with the help of team members.
All the team members do not each other and have no idea of their behaviour. As all of
them are strangers hence, they have to struggle to know and get familiar with all the
members of group to achieve the allotted task with high accuracy. On this stage they do
not have any idea of their particular job in which they do not know what actually needs to
be done. In this situation it the responsibility of the leader to supervise them while work.
Leader can guide them when they are attaining the task and have to communicate with
them (Podsakoff and House, 2013). This will help them to solve their problems and
issues easily and won't affect their work quality.
 Storming: It is the second stage of team formulation process, in which all the team
members are aware of each other’s behaviour. There is a negative element which is that
team members will have conflicts as all of them want to show their expertise and skills to
grab the attention of managers. Team members can blame to the leaders that they do not
support and supervise team members effectively and they want a good guidance to
complete their task.
 Norming: In third stage all the members of the team are aware of knowledge and skills
that can help them to reach their personal as well as organisational objectives. This can
help to resolve their conflicts among employees and they will start to appreciate
colleagues. This can result in increased strength as they will give value to others point of
view and opinion.
 Performing: Success of a team depends upon the hard work and satisfaction level of
team members. If members are playing their role effectively and in effective way than it
will result in the success of task. In this stage all the problems will be solved easily and
frequently at the time they occur.
 Adjourning: This is the last stage of Tuckman's theory in which success of the team is
celebrated after completion of all the tasks. It is not compulsory that team structure will
remain same this can also be changed.
Belbin theory: It is used by A David & Co Limited to study behaviour of each individual
of the team. It studies nine different roles that are coordinator, shaper, completer, investigator,

team worker, evaluator, shaper, examiner and other specialists. All these roles are played by an
individual within the organisation. Such roles are very important for an organisation to reach
success for an individual to reach personal objectives.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Success of an organisation totally depends upon the good leadership skills of the leaders,
that helps to perform all the tasks effectively and attain organisational goals. A leader plays an
essential role to guide and motivate all the individuals who are working under that leader. In A
David & Co Limited Path goal theory is used to analyse behaviour of leaders, and it is explained
below:
Path goal theory: It is introduced by Robert House. According to the developer
employees within the organisation should be motivated by leader in order to achieve
predetermined goals of company as well as individuals. In A David & Co Limited this theory is
implemented to examine behaviour of its leaders (Robertson and Barling, 2013). It facilitates to
individuals of the firm to analyse that where they stand and what is their position. It helps to
removes the hurdles for individuals that can drag them back from the way of their goal. It is
based on four different styles of leadership that are as follows:
 Supportive leadership: In this type of leadership, the leader creates a positive
environment for the subordinates in which they can perform their tasks effectively. The
aim behind the adoption of this leadership style is to make employees feel good and treat
them as family members. This the best way to motivate employees.
 Directive leadership: In this type of approach the leader always directs and provide
guidance to the subordinates while they perform their duties. It provides a proper time
schedule for the tasks that needs to be done.
 Participative leadership: This type of leadership style is very helpful because in such
type of leadership leaders consider the opinion of the employees and then make
decisions. This can enhance employee’s engagement in the organisational activities.
 Achievement oriented leadership: This type of leadership style is implemented in the
situation of increased complexity (Van der Vliert, 2013). If tasks are very complex than
leaders help and support them. This is a good option to enhance employees work quality

and it is also helpful for employees when they are willing to improve themselves by
taking challenging and tough responsibilities.
All the above mentioned types of leadership are very helpful to enhance organisation
performance as it guides leaders as well as workers while work. Path goal theory helps to
increase the performance level and work quality by providing proper supervision and analysing
behaviours of employees and leaders.
CONCLUSION
In this project report, it is concluded that organisation behaviour is a manner that help
employee to coordinate and interact with other employee that will increase their performance and
improve the productivity of company. In this report Charles handy culture is described that is
most beneficial for positive results to the company and power, politics for growth of individual
and team is discussed. Various motivational theories are discussed such as Maslow Hierarchy
Theory and Adams equity theory that helps in motivating employee to perform well. Importance
of effective team over ineffective team is discussed and various leadership style are focused to
improve the performance of employee.