Organisational Behaviour Report: Unit 12, Task-1 Analysis, Morrisons

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of organisational behaviour, examining the intricate interplay of culture, politics, and power within an organisational context. It analyzes how these elements influence individual and team behaviours, particularly within the case study of Morrisons. The report further evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and their application in achieving organisational goals. It contrasts effective and ineffective team dynamics, exploring the factors that contribute to team success and failure, and provides recommendations for enhancing team performance. The report also discusses different types of organisational power and their impacts on employees. Finally, the report provides a comprehensive understanding of organizational behavior concepts, providing a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Content.
Table of Content............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
TASK-1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyze how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual and
team behavior and performance..............................................................................................1
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................5
RECOMMEDATIONS...........................................................................................................11
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team....................11
How effective team is different from an ineffective team....................................................12
Difference among impressive and unproductive teams.............................................................14
Different ideology and notion used in organization..............................................................17
Evaluation of team development theories which influences behaviour for enhancing the
performance of business..........................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is the part of educational look on how people interact inside
businesses and where its standards are implemented usually to make business function more
effectively. Organization is setup where employee comes together to work in close coordination.
Organization behaviour is the study of human behaviour and its other factors which include
structure, generation and social system. Additionally, it also analyse the impact of social and
surrounding elements that may have an effect on individual employer or team. Area of concern
for organization behaviour is with understanding, manipulation and prediction of human
behaviour. Aim behind it is to focus on human attention from humanistic point of view. For
reference here, the company choose is Morrisons, that is largest supermarket of UK. Morrisons
offer range of products which include food grocery and many more. Report includes the effect of
culture on organization, politics and power effect , different theory of motivation used in
organization, philosophies of organisation behaviour, effective and ineffective teams (Balwant,
2018). ‘the relationship between
MAIN BODY
TASK-1
P1 Analyze how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual and
team behavior and performance.
Every organization consist of some defined values and policies and they follow some
specific guidelines which helps to find differentiate the particular organization from others.
These specific principles and beliefs in organization is responsible for forming culture.
Organisation culture is the supposition, treasure which are applied to avail the actions of the
members of the organisation. These practises affect all the angles of the organization.
Organization culture is used for the representation of culture values of the organization members.
It has a big role in forming the structure of organization. This organization culture is based on the
Hanky's model. Handy model focus on the specified task and projects (Bouraoui and et. al.,
2018). Model consist of 4 different cultures which are given below:
Culture: -
 Role culture- Role culture is a culture where employee gets duties or roles depending
upon there specification, educational background or employee individual interest to
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extract the best quality out of the employee. In this type of culture, employee gets a fair
chance to determine what quality they could willingly do and will accept every upcoming
challenge with full motivation. Every employee is chargeable for work they have
assigned with (Novilla and Bean 2020).
 Power culture- Power is the type of culture which defines authority. There are some
organization in which power remains in few employee or to the best legal authority is
assigned to take decisions. These power controlling authorities are the one who witnesses
the unique privileges in workplace. They are most important panel in workplace. These
panel authorities provide different responsibilities to other junior employee. Due to these
authority employees don't have the choice of liberty to express their views (Cui and et.
al., 2021).
 Task culture- Here teams are formed to work on a particular area. Focus of this culture
is towards task completion, it does not focus or rules or policies. Here the individuals
with common interest and ability come together to work as a team. It is important for for
every member to impart equally and carry out tasks in the most modern way.
 Person culture- The organization which follow person culture make their employee feel
that employer’s reviews play a very important role in growth of organization.
Organization which follow person culture, there the individual employee focusses more
towards the self-improvement and growth rather than the organization. The only
motivation for employee is to just earn money and these types of employs are never loyal
towards the organization (Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
Morrisons exercise role culture, for the potency of the organisation as they envoy the duty
according to employee’s ability. Morrison used this pattern to reduce muddiness between
employs by giving peculiar set of tasks. Role Culture companies will provide employee with a
lot of stableness and state of mind but organization might have faced trouble in adapting the new
changes.
Organisational politics: -
This is a way to assess the operational susceptibility, which involve the social networking
or utilise the physical phenomenon to achieve the organisational goal. Politics is an important
purpose within the administration. It is analysed that employees use organisational politics as a
instrument to exercise their power in wrong way, to gain utmost popularity and stain the mental
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image of someone else in their company. Politics power is getting processing more day by day to
reach at desirable result (Grant, Garavan and Mackie,2020). The organisational politics aim is to
affect decision making. There are four metaphor of organisational politics given below:
 The weeds- This is used to influence individual in unethical way and it is dynamical
which grows naturally without any disruption in maintenance. To carry off the weeds, the
knowing of informal networks is very primary to cover up the mishandling of situations.
It is good thing to grow as its development saves the organization but this might lead
organization to a downfall if left ungoverned, as nothing else can grow so it is advised to
fill gap by identifying the lacking points.
 The Rocks- It demonstrate the ability which occurs in individual interaction and through
the formal sources such as responsibility, skilfulness or approaching to the resources. It is
used to demonstrate that what are different initiatives organization took during calamity.
(Huang, 2021).
 The High Ground- It helps to pool the organisational quality with various formal
sources. It is used to describe the structure, plan of action or the measure of the company
which is considered as a basis of political activities. These groups are responsible of
bringing innovation or changes. This legal behaviour can help in betterment and new
conception for company. These regulation and basic plan benefits organization to keep a
check against the rocks gives. These rules helps to provide a check against the notions of
individuals by authorities. They are the rails for the rocks.
 The Woods- The woods usually provide safety or cover for the well-being of individual
employs or set the desirables changes required. The role here is to take a review from
clients, or recent hires or employee about their advice which they can provide after the
observation or experience they gain (Jnaneswar and Ranjit 2020).
Morrison's politics might impact the employees in a destructive way by reducing their
work potential. Additionally, these politics low the level of attention which can lead to
demotivation in the employees. These political relations can be overcome by authorizing task to
employees on the basis of their capabilities. Companies should promote team work and effective
communication between the employees.
The external powers and Uk’s political situation influences the corporate culture of
Morrison's. The impact of nations political scenario can be eliminated by implementing the
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cultural standards a models of organisations culture. Changes in Morrison's management has
been taken place after examining politics and culture. There is increase in organisational
creativity results in improvement in culture of organisation. Organisational politics affect the
relationship among the employee's and management which affects the firm’s productivity.
Organisational power
This is the prospective ability to determinant the action of another stakeholder in the
organisation. Mainly the power is the capability to make changes according to own self by
agreeing other employs on something they might not prefer to do. In an organization the role of
head is to provide proper path to every individual employ that how to complete the particular
take on given time (Kaehne, 2018). There are three main types of the power within the
organisation given below:
 Coercive power- This type of power is commonly used in most organizations though it
doesn't have any major effectiveness. This is an ethical power where manager has right to
force an employ to follow an order by forbidding them of losing their job if the
employees does not obey the order efficaciously (Khaola and Rambe, 2020).
 Legitimate power- Type of power one receive after getting a definite position. The
managing director and other major authorized body in a company usually hold this
quality due to their current position, which defines their role. This power contains casual
rules of conduct. Effective employee doesn’t depend on these power as these powers are
not permanent, it can be taken away anytime.
 Reward power- It is the quality of the administrator to provide rewards such as
promotional material, exclusive right and money etc. which is given as an incentive by
the appointed head for completion of provided task. This type of ability helps to achieve
good growth and result as it will provide employee enthusiasm to work hard. Morrison
use this power with the aim of providing encouragement to co-employs for the potency
and productivity of work (Lam and Xu 2019).
 Expert power- This type of power is hold by the experienced employees of organization
as they influence and guide other junior and co-workers to gain their path. These type of
power comes from huge experience this expertise have with their technical knowledge.
To withhold this power, it is necessary for them to upgrade their knowledge time to time
to maintain their reliability.
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These power impact teams of the Morrison in a positive manner as it helps employ by
increasing their work productiveness. The organization uses the Legitimate power to
influence employees for work effectively (Lampaki and Papadakis, 2018).
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Motivation is a basically the action which initiate or guides the employee to be goal-
oriented. It is a force which is used by organization to push an individual closer their goal and
this action also make them active towards their workplace. Employ motivation is directly
responsible for organization success. When these action aren't practise in company then company
might experience low level of productivity and reduction in output. The other source of
motivation include autonomy, curiosity and beliefs etc.
Content model of motivation attempt to check out to link up status to fulfil employee's needs.
This model specify on the different adjustments required according to the human needs
(Lockhart, Shahani and Bhanugopan, 2020). This model consists of system of needs that
motivate employ or people for their goals. It is as subset of motivational theories which tries to
define what encourages individuals. They describe needs system which motivates actions of
individuals. Meanwhile the process theory of motivation tells about the explaining of why and
how motivations impacts behaviours and needs. It is enlisted with various plan of attack
mentioned below are:
 Maslow's hierarchy of needs state that peoples are driven to attain definite needs.
Different needs can have assorted priority over others. It is one of the famous
motivational theories and used for classifying the motives of humans. Developed by
Abraham H. Maslow including the 5 hierarchic classes. According to this theory
individual are motivated by needs which are not satisfied. Needs are listed from very
basic to most complicated which are physiology, safety, social, self-esteem and self-
actualisation. To complete their needs, people motivate them by completing one need
after other.
o Physiological needs- These are the most powerful need of every individual as
they are characterised as basic or primary requirements of employs. These are
essential as if they aren't fulfilled, body functioning will be effected. These
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includes survival kit which are food, drink, shelter, sleep, etc. Additionally, it also
involves temperature, humidity, etc. (Mansouri, Singh and Khan, 2018).
o Safety needs- As soon as psychological needs are fulfilled, employ or people next
focus on security and safety. It is required to overcome the risk and uncertainty.
People wants a definite amount of certainty and control in their lives, these types
of necessity might be consummated by the relative and society. However, this
also includes emotional or financial security with freedom of fear and healthy
well-being.
o Love and belongingness- These type of needs consist of human emotions,
connections, affiliating or being part of a group. These are type of social needs
which involves feelings. Here people demands for a transparent relationship
where both can ask from help to each other. This relationship is formed to reduce
individual loneliness.
o Esteem needs- These type of needs consist of confidence, strength, and especially
the respect from other co-workers or surrounding neighbours and initially the
achievements to. These needs are involving in achieving satisfaction or pleasure.
Human beings revolve around to overcome or gross their needs, these needs
consist of feeling of self-importance. These play an important role in motivating
as it provide them feeling of prestige and personal worth.
o Self- actualization- It is the advanced level here which basically refer to the self-
fulfillment and apex experience which is concerned with self-aware and personal
growth. It is a process through which individual achieves their overall potential. It
is the ultimate goal for any individual or an organization also. This type of needs
happen when someone is ready to use their abilities to get extra benefits while
keeping in mind about their limitations in work space.
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 Alderder's ERG theory of motivation altered the Maslow's hierarchy of needs which
states that people is actuated by multiple level of needs at identical time. In this the needs
are at the very basic level and includes needs like foods, shelter, drink and safety. Next
are relatedness needs for feeling connected to other groups and persons. All these needs
are fulfilled by establishment and maintenance of relationships. At the top level the needs
for growth are mentioned for self-actualisation and personal achievements. can be
change upward or downwards as it depends on existence or growth level. It consists of:
o Existence- This needs are related to physical and psychological needs. This basically
comprises of all the needs which are related to the psychological and safety needs of
the individuals. So all the safety needs which came under the Maslow group are
came under this category because of the same nature.
o Relatedness- This necessity is related to Maslow's association- related and honour
needs. It basically includes personal and family relationships. These are basically the
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social needs which an individual want to fulfil through developing relationships. This
need basically covers the social and self-esteem needs of Maslow’s theory
o Growth- This need has correspondence to self- actualization needs and it include the
need of self-worth, advancement and individual growth. This basically comprise of
internal feeling of individual’s like feeling of being unique, personnel growth, etc.
which influence the individual to work with full potential.
Morrisons are using the Maslow's hierarchy hypothesis in practice. They focus on
employee’s profit and this hypothesis cover all stage for their employee's satisfaction. By
implementing this theory within the business organisation the management effectively
understand the needs of individuals and by fulfilling them they motivate their employees.
Process model target towards mental and behavioural processes, which human follows. This
consist of how might a single need may affect action for achieving goal.
 Skinner's reinforcement theory is based on fact that action is repeated when rewarded
and when punished for a particular behaviour its chance of continuation is relatively less.
There are different factors of reinforcement theory are given below:
o Positive reinforcement basically consists of sensible input which is required to
enhance the profitable behaviour. For example, like if the management of the
Morrison company prise their employee for coming early in the office then this
will result in increasing the probability of doing this again and again. Reward is
also being considered as a positive reinforcement.
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o Negative reinforcement is done by eliminating the obstacles. So that, one can
perform efficiently. The management of the Morrison company can utilise both
positive and negative reinforcement in order to remove the consequences.
o Punishment is done to prevent someone from repeating unwanted behaviour.
o Extinction is done by authority to lower the undesirable behaviour.
 Locke's goal setting theory- This theory is based on setting goals which says employee
works harder when they get a hard challenge. The theory explains that setting of goal is
important for linking to the performance of activities. It states that particular and goals
which are challenging with proper feedback contributing to the higher and better
performance of activities. In short goals direct and indicate the firm’s employee's about
needs to be done and how much efforts are needed.
o Clarity- Here goal understanding should be on mark to reduce the risk or
misunderstanding.
o Challenges- It helps to keep employee focused and engaged.
o Commitment- Employees should feel committed to the goal they are assigned.
o Feedbacks- Should be provided to understand how they are doing.
o Task complexity- Should be divided into multiple desires to ensure effective
working.
Morrisons uses the Skinner's reinforcement theory, as it provides rewards to those who
show positive behaviors. It also boosts morale and productivity of employee's.
Managers influence on employees for motivating them- For understanding how
managers can influence in making employees more productive so first managers of Morrison's
have to understands what encourages employees as a human being on professional and personal
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level. As every person is encouraged by the regular process of satisfying wants. By using
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs model executives of Morrison’s can motivate employees for
productive work by giving them what they need for survival like water, food, shelter etc. If all
these are satisfied, then employees will move to others stage for making friends in office so
managers can motivate them by providing better environment. By the use of Edwin A. Locke’s
goal theory is the best theory used by executives of Morrison's for motivating them by setting
goals as it aids them to feel connected to work and they are more committed towards the work.
The relationship between Handy's model, types of power and politics with motivational theories
is discussed below: -
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