CHEM 108: Experiment 2 Lab Report - Organic Compounds Analysis

This report presents the findings of a chemistry lab experiment (CHEM 108) focusing on organic chemistry concepts. The assignment is divided into two main parts: organic compound naming and melting point determination. The first part involves naming various organic compounds based on IUPAC rules, including alkanes, alkenes, and compounds with functional groups. The second part details an experiment on melting points, where students determine the melting point ranges of tetracosane, 1-tetradecanol, and their mixture. The report includes data tables, observations, and post-laboratory questions that require students to analyze the relationship between molecular structure and melting point, the effects of heating rate on melting point accuracy, and the purity of substances based on melting point behavior. It also explores the functional groups present in the organic compounds and the significance of experimental procedures like using fresh water and fresh samples for accurate results. The assignment aims to reinforce the understanding of organic nomenclature, intermolecular forces, and experimental techniques in determining physical properties.

REPORT SHEET: LAB 4 CHEM 108
name section date
WORKSHEET: Organic Names
Fill in all the information in boxes highlighted in yellow!
1. PART A. Name the following organic compounds. Use IUPAC rules for the compounds. Fill in the
names in the boxes highlighted in yellow!
butanoic acid 2-methylbutane
3-Ethylpentane 3-Ethyl-2-heptanol
3,3-dimethylcyclobut-1-ene ethylcyclopentane
5-methylhexan-2-one pentanal
but-1-yne (2E)-but-2-ene
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CHEM 108
ethylbenzene 1-phenoxyprop-ane
(3Z)-hex-3-ene 1,2-dimethyl-heptane
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane octane
1. PART B. List all functional groups that appear in the following organic compounds (disregard
alkane as a functional group). Fill in the functional groups in the boxes highlighted in yellow!
Ether Carboxylic acid and amine
Methoxy, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amine, methyl Carboxylic acid
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CHEM 108
.
Hydroxyl group
EXPERIMENT: Melting Points
Use rules of significant figures.
Data Table: Derivative Melting Point Table
Trial s 1, 2, and 3 Temperatures (ºC)
M.P. range for tetracosane
M.P. range for 1-tetradecanol
M.P. range for mixture
Estimated eutectic temp.
Post-Laboratory Questions
Show work whenever feasible! Use rules of significant figures; include units with each result.
A. Using molecular structure, explain why tetracosane has a higher melting point than 1-
tetradecanol despite the fact that solid tetracosane is held together solely by London forces and
1-tetradecanol has the potential for hydrogen bonding.
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CHEM 108
B. If you had heated the water bath too quickly, would your recorded melting point be too high or
too low? What would be the probable effect on the melting point range? Is the chemical identity
of a substance altered when it melts?
C. From your data and results, was the tetracosane a pure substance? Why or why not?
D. Why is it necessary to use fresh room temperature water for each trial, instead of simply
placing the crystallized sample back into the boiling water bath? Why is it necessary to use a
fresh sample to determine melting point instead of using the original sample that was already
melted?
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