Organisation and Behaviour: Analysis of CAPCO's Structure and Culture

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational structure, culture, and behaviour, using CAPCO as a case study. It begins by comparing different organisational structures and cultures, examining their impact on business performance. The report then delves into the factors influencing individual behaviour at work. Task 2 compares the effectiveness of different leadership styles, explores organisational theory, and examines different approaches to management. Task 3 focuses on the impact of leadership styles on motivation, applying various motivational theories. The final task, Task 4, discusses the nature of groups, factors affecting teamwork, and the impact of technology on team functioning. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and implications for organisational success.

Organisation
and Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Compare the different organisational structure and the culture. .....................................3
1.2 The relationship between an organisational structure and culture can impact on the
business performance. ...........................................................................................................5
1.3 The factors influences individual behaviour at work.......................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisation. .......7
2.2 Organisational theory underpins the practices of management........................................8
2.3 Different approaches to management used by different organisation.............................9
TASK3...........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Impact of leadership styles on motivation......................................................................10
3.2 Applications of different motivational theories.............................................................11
3.3 Motivation theory is useful for managers.......................................................................13
TASK4...........................................................................................................................................14
4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour in organisation..................................................14
4.2 Factors that promote or inhibit development of effective team work............................15
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning.....................................................................17

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19
.............................................................................................................................................20
INTRODUCTION
The organisational is a place where people meet to manage and formed a structure to
pursue the collective goals. Every organisation have significant structure by which they manage
the role, responsibility, authority and the task that employee is going to perform. The
organisation culture includes expectation, interaction, values of a employee with the outer world.
The way of dividing & managing the work in the organisation is known as structure. CAPCO is
a global business and technology to provide the financial services. The services includes
banking, payments, capital markets, wealth & assets management. This report is about CAPCO's
organisational structure and culture. The different approaches which are useful for management
and leadership. Theories which are implies to motivate the employees and the methods of
developing effective team in the company.
TASK1
1.1 Compare the different organisational structure and the culture.
Organisational structure
The organisational structure is a hierarchy by which companies authorise are alien,
communication, rights and duties are divided in the organisation. The structure of the company is
totally depends on the strategies they made and objectives sets. The functional based
organisational structure is specialization based on the role of a employee. Product-based
organisation in which they core focus is on products and the operational activity
(Wickramasinghe and Perera,2014). This methods allows the company to be more specific.
Multi-divisional structure is refers to structure in which functions are divided into different
division, changes will make quickly and decision are made without hierarchy approval. Matrix is
where more than one structure is followed. Centralized structure means where decision are
properly formed by top management and hierarchy structure is followed. Where the decision are
taken by middle level and lower level then decentralized structure is precede. Organisational
chart is a diagrammatic representation of the structure. The way of working is according to the
need and preference of the employee is flexible working. CAPCO work is to provide financial

services and they follow the centralized structure. In this the decisions are formed by the top
management as they follow the hierarchy.
Organisational culture
Some rules are sets, the laws are made, beliefs, attitudes and regulation these factors will
help the subordinates to understand the working culture in the organisation. If a organisation is
small then they use power culture as decision are made quickly and they don't have any
consultant. Task culture is formed to complete the particular task with the team. Role culture is
mostly used by companies in which organisation are fragmented into various functions. The
CAPCO follows the Role Culture in their organisation (Bellisle and Blundell, 2013) . CAPCO is
the large organisation and they support the innovate ideas & openness in the organisation.
Comparison chart
Basis CAPCO FUNDING CIRCLE
Organisational
structure
They follows decentralized organisation
structure. By this quick decision are
made and they don't need any approval
from higher authority. Company
provides financial services like
payments, investment in capital market
and banking facilities etc.
They have product based
organisation structure. As
company provides the financial
services to small and medium
size business. So, their focus
have to been on the products.
Organisational
culture
Role culture is implies. As they are
multinational company so their culture
will always appreciate the innovative
ideas. Workers are not required to have
proper approval while making any
decision.
Power culture is followed. As
they have small business.
Where decisions are made
quickly. They don't required
any consultant advice.
Similarities between organisation structure and the culture of CAPCO and Funding circle

Both the organisation accepts the innovative ideas, integration and the openness in the
environment. They appraise the employees if they have some innovative and unique idea.
Company reward them by the incentives, promotions or any other positive reinforcement.
1.2 The relationship between an organisational structure and culture can impact on the business
performance.
Organisational structure and culture are the backbones of an organisation. There is a
strong relationship between the organisational structure & culture which can effect the
performance of an individual as well as business. The structure are formed to achieve the
objectives and the appropriate distribution of roles and responsibilities in the company (Agarwal,
2014). The working culture implies the criteria by which they are going to make decisions. The
company manager have maintain the principles, customs and the morals by which positive
outcome will be resulted. If the structure of the company is very complex then the decisions-
making effect by which employees gets demotivated.
CAPCO financial services culture support the innovative ideas, integrity and the
openness in the business and the structure they follow is not hierarchy by which employee get
motivated and the performance of the employee will increase. As they are appreciated by their
work. Being a large organisation company follows the power culture in which decision are
formed by hierarchy then employees performance will negatively effected and they also
demotivated by their work.
The structure have to formed well to formed with accordance to the culture by which
positive business performance will be achieved. If structure and culture are formed well then its
leads the organisation towards the achievement and business performances will increase because
employees are well motivated and they are willing to do work.
If companies follows the centralized structure and power culture will effect the business
performance. Because to make any decision employees are required to have approval from
higher authority which leads them to intended. The culture and structure shares the positive
relationship as these changes the business performance will definitely get effected.
1.3 The factors influences individual behaviour at work.
All individuals are different and they work differently in every situation. There are so
many factors that influence the individual behaviour at workplace (Alfes and et. al., 2013). The

perception, perspective and personality factors influence the individual behaviour. There are the
factors that influences the individual behaviour in CAPCO are:
 Perception: It's a process in which a particular person analyse the what they hear and see.
And try to judge that situation according to their perspective. The individual behaviour
will be effected by this factor at workplace. As they don't understand in the organisation
but according to their thinking they made the perception. The perception will be made
through Of sound, Of speech, by the Touch, taste and other sense. Its very important for
manager of CAPCO to understand own perception but also the subordinates perceptions
by which behaviour will be change.
 Attitude: Its mean the way of thinking. The way person thinks towards the task and the
attitude of the person will differ from person to person. Their creative style thinking will
effect the individual positively as well as negatively. So, the Waitrose manager have to
think creative. This will effect the behaviour by which employee feels uncomfortable, by
which they to rectify their mistakes which will create disagreement between them.
 Ability: The ability of a person will effect the performance of an individual on the job.
Its a perception of a person for their knowledge and the skills they are going to perform.
Manager have that ability to perform the task creatively. If these come together then
person can do excellence in their job.
 Conflict: The conflicts have to be resolve appropriately in the organisation. Solutions
have to be design very constructively. The manager always try to control the conflict by
which performance will not be effected. If conflicts are manage and resolve on time then
the behaviour of an individual will positive towards the work. To maintain the positive
behaviour conflict should be solve on time.
 Personality: Personality don't change over the period of time, it takes a lot and time to
change the personality (Ashby, 2013). As a multinational company CAPCO manger are
required to have influential personality. If a person is introvert and not ready to accept the
changes then job performance will be effected. Person extrovert, openness,
conscientiousness and agreeableness these are trait which person have in them.

TASK 2
2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisation
The leadership style is depends upon the functions of the leaders, subordinates and
situations. The leadership style is used to interact with the different situation in company. As
some employee lack the ability and the desire to assume the responsibility then company have to
choose the effective leadership style (Galenson and Roiphe,2018). The CAPCO applies the t
transformational leadership style. The funding circle applies the transactional leadership style.
The leadership style used by CAPCO and the Funding circle:
Transactional leadership style Transformational leadership style
This style refers to when companies used the
chain command process. In this employees
have to follow the hierarchy in the
organisation. As they applies the carrot-stick
approach which means they reward and
punishment to induce the individual behaviour.
In this individual is influence by their because
they have innovative, creative and critical
thinking styles. They actually follows the
imaginary thoughts which helps the company
to be innovative among the other firms.
Funding circles uses transactional leadership
style. In this leadership style subordinates have
to follow their leaders order and decisions are
made by leaders only. This leadership style is
mostly followed by the small organisation in
which they have to follow the hierarchy in the
business.
The CAPCO follow this leadership style. In
this style the leader is creative and influence
the subordinates through the thoughts not
because of some reinforcement. This type
leaders style is followed by the large
organisation in which subordinates have
authority to make decision in emergency.
Funding circle small company which provides
financial support to the small and medium size
business. Workers are not at all authorized to
take decision and perform any task without
approval.
This leadership style is effective due to which
employees are motivated and their work
performance is keep on increasing. Workers
are not required to do work under pressure.
2.2 Organisational theory underpins the practices of management
Modern theory

Its a integration of valuable concepts of classical and modern theory. This is the study of
social and behavioural science. Its changes according to the environment changes whether
internal or external (King, 2017) . It consider the open theory, it interact with the environment to
grow in the market. Through this several feedbacks, inputs, process and output will be done. Its
consist that system is dynamic and the organisation have to be adaptive in the nature. The results
are not pre determined and the situations are very uncertain in the business. This theory supports
the management in planning, organising, controlling, commanding and coordinating . As they
use the modern approach by which they can easily manages these factors. If these factors support
the theory than organisation can build effective and efficient working environment.
Neoclassical theory:
Neoclassical theory is the extended version of classical theory. it is the combination of
formal and informal form of organisation. this theory focus on the human side of the firm and see
how the people relate and interact within a group.
Different practice of management should be discussed below:
 planning: It deal with the chalking out a future course of action& deciding in advance.
This practice help the manager to make a good plan.
 Organising: it means to determine the activities that is needed to be done in order to
achieve the desired goal.
 Commanding: given clear cut order or instruction to their employee ,a manager can
give the command to their employee work in a proper manner. This also help to
motivate the employee.
 Controlling: it means to control the activities which is perform in the company . Manager
can measure the actual performance with the standard for achieving the desired goal.
 Coordinating : it is the important part of any organisation. Proper co-ordination maintain
a harmonised behaviour in the organisation.
2.3 Different approaches to management used by different organisation.
These theories are set for the individual, groups and subgroups to perform the activities
which accomplished the common goals. They are also always the interrelated concepts while
interacting with each others. Its also reflects the social relationship between individuals within
the organisation along with the actions of an individual. To examine overall effect on
performance of individual working together with the organisation will be done through

organisational theories (Bonanni and Cafazzo,2014). Scientific management, classical,
bureaucracy, human relation, system, contingency approaches are used by the company which
supports the practical management.Theories are as follows:
 Scientific management: Its a basically engineering science production theory. It main
focus is on to improve the efficiency of the employee. Main emphasize on the production,
intensive technology, human being. This approach supports the effective planing and
organising activities in the company.
 Classical theories : Its a traditional theory that focuses on organisation rather than the
workers. They consider the human being as a machine. This will support the
commanding function of the management (Bonanni and Cafazzo, 2014) . Because in this
individual are also considered as a machine. Funding circle uses the classical theory to
manage the company. As they are small organisation so they have to follow the
hierarchy. But CAPCO don't use this as they are multinational company. They hierarchy
structure would not fit here.
 Bureaucratic management theory: At first they construct the organisation into
hierarchy then divides the governed rules related to decision-making and rational-legal.
This supports the organisation part of the company. As they maintain the hierarchy in the
business.
 System approach: This approach is used by the company to examine the market
condition. It is basically inter-dependence and interactive stress line between the external
and internal factors. They control the factors in market which effects the business.
 Contingency theory: This theory will implies the direct relationship between
independent and dependent variable to study the organisational behaviour. There is
specific way to solve the structure and solve the problem. It all depend upon the
situation. To organize the solution in a proper format.
 Human relation theory: This theory is human centric theory. In this approach they used
don't used the model related to the machine model. But used the model related to the
individual perspective. This supports the all the functions of management. CAPCO used
this approach because they are multinational company so for them to be people oriented
organisation is important.

CAPCO and the Funding circle used the different management theories to support their
functional management (Lawrence and Lee,2013) . The CAPCO used the human relation
approach in which employees are more important as compare to work. Funding circle used the
classical approach as they wants to follow the traditional path.
TASK3
3.1 Impact of leadership styles on motivation.
Leadership is the process of influencing people to work willingly towards an
organisational goal with authority. It is an ability of individual to induce subordinates to work
with zeal and confidence to accomplish organisations goal (Norton, Zacher and
Ashkanasy,2014). Different leaders posses separate leadership styles in an organisation and
influences everyone from top to bottom. Leadership styles have significant effects not only in
small business but also in large corporation. They impact the organisation by affecting employee
morale, productivity, decision making, etc. By selecting the most suitable leadership style for the
situation, an impressive leader provides a lasting impact (Leadership Theories.2018).
Different leadership styles
Various leadership styles affect the motivation in an organisation. There is a strong link
between motivation and leadership such as :-
Autocratic leadership style
These styles clearly define the division between leaders and workers. Leaders following
this style can make decision with little or no involvement from employees. This style is useful in
immediate situations, where decisions are to be taken quickly. Leader gives order and expect
instant replies without argument and directs the organisation. CAPCO organisation can use this
style in motivating employees in many ways like:-
 Provides clear vision and employees are well informed about what is the objective and
how it is to be achieved for the benefit of organisation.
 Decisions are taken quickly which increases the forward processing of the work.
 Employees are motivated to learn new ways and techniques quickly and adapt to
changing environment.
 Most important motivation in this style is reward in form of salary, pay, wages for which
people work.

Democratic leadership style
This style is considered the most appropriate option for many organisation. Decision are
made by involving participation from subordinates and is also referred to as participative
leadership style. In this, final decision is taken by leader but it motivates employees to suggest
ideas, give feedbacks, etc. This motivates employees of Waitrose as they get attention, improves
morale (Willits and Nowacki, 2014). It builds fruitful relation between employees and leaders
and enhances them to work towards the ultimate attainment of organisational goals.
Laissez- faire leadership style
In this style, leaders of CAPCO do not take part in decision making process and final
decisions are taken by group of people or individual who ever is willing to take part in. It helps
in understanding own strength and potential. Following are the points which motivates an
employee to work for accomplishing goals and objectives :-
 As there is no guidance from leaders, it enhances individual to learn and train themselves
according to the organisation structure and culture.
 Provides freedom to the followers which can motivate them to take part in various
processes.
 Leaders provide the necessary tools and resources which are needed to the subordinates
for effective functioning.
 Helps in building team efforts as group problems are resolved on their own.
3.2 Applications of different motivational theories.
Motivation refers to the internal process that directs, energises and sustain a person's
behaviours. Motivating employees of Waitrose organisation is one of the most essential and
difficult responsibility of management. If employees are motivated in right and correct way then
it will contribute to the development of individual and organisation and vice versa. For this
purpose various theories were developed by several people like :-
Maslow's theory of motivation
This theory was developed by Maslow who considered that all people have different
needs which are to be satisfied and they will work towards satisfying those needs. These needs
could be arranged according to their importance in a hierarchical structure (ooni Lebn, 2013).
Waitrose can motivate employees by fulfilling needs of individual from basic to the self
actualisation which is a highest need in a hierarchy tree.

 Psychological needs : Needs which are necessary for survival like air, water, food,
shelter, etc. are included in this. For instance, CAPCO maintain its quality and provides
good environment for employees which provides them with basic needs.
 Safety needs : When basic needs are fulfilled then individual wants safety which
includes job safety, health safety, insurance, etc. For instance, CAPCO provides their
employees with safety of job through some agreement, also provides insurances related to
health, vehicle, etc.
 Social needs : These needs are important for people so that they don't feel alone. It
includes friendship, love, acceptance, etc. And in this way CAPCO fulfils needs of their
employees by encouraging team work, promotes good work life balance to their workers,
etc.
 Esteem needs : It refers to the needs of self esteem and respect, CAPCO fulfil these
needs by offering recognition, promotions, and additional responsibility to the
employees.
 Self- actualisation needs : It describes individual highest need. CAPCO fulfil these
needs by providing challenging work to the people, employee participation in decision
making, etc.
Herzberg motivation theory
This motivation theory was developed by Herzberg which is also know as two factor
theory which emphasises on two main factors which influences motivation at workplace that is
Hygiene factors and motivators factors.
Hygiene factors : These factor do not lead to positive satisfaction but if they do not exist
at work place then they lead to dissatisfaction (Green and Peloza, 2014). It includes factors like
pay, company policies, fringe benefit, working conditions, status, etc. CAPCO motivate their
employees by:-
 Following proper and reasonable pay structure.
 Providing job security to the workers.
 Building relationships with employees and supervisors.
 Clear, safe and hygienic working atmosphere for people.
 Clearly defining company policies and administration to the workers, etc.