Evaluation of Leadership and Management in Organisational Context

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management, exploring the differences between leaders and managers, and delving into various leadership theories, including trait and behavioral theories. It examines the importance of leadership development and evaluates the Edward Jenner leadership program within the NHS, discussing its structure, benefits, and overall impact on the organization and its participants. The report covers key aspects such as leadership styles, organizational structure, and the effectiveness of leadership training, offering insights into the dynamics of effective leadership and management practices.

ORGANISATION; LEADERSHIP
AND MANAGEMENT

Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................................3
Difference between leaders and managers.............................................................................3
Theories of leadership............................................................................................................6
EVALUATE THE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME...................................8
Importance of leadership training and development for organisations..................................8
Leadership development program..........................................................................................9
Analyses of leadership program.............................................................................................9
Evaluate the benefits of this leadership programme............................................................10
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the ability of individual to guide and lead teams and organisations.
Leadership is also known as process and potential through which leaders influence behaviour
of others towards accomplishment of specific goal in accordance with situation. Management
refers to management of organisational functions and operations and presently many
managers are also considered as leader because of some reasons and similarities of leader and
manager. Even after some of their similarity they are not same as their functions might be
same and similar but their skills and characteristics differentiate between leader and manager.
For success of leaders and their leadership styles there are various theories and these theories
explain and determine what factors contribute in success of leadership and at the same time
what style can leaders adopt as per demand of a specific situation and on the basis of their
followers who are most likely to get affected by the leadership style of the leader. This report
will discuss difference of leadership and management. Later trait theory of leadership and
behavioural theory of leadership will be discussed. Trait theory of leadership considers and
determines some particular traits which leaders possess and that make the leader successful.
Behavioural theory of leadership is based on behaviour of leaders in context of specific
situation and what type of behaviour of leader will make their leadership successful in
specific situation. There are various reasons for importance of leadership and this is why
NHS has a leadership development academy and program of leadership development
academy will be discussed in this report with various related aspects of leadership. This
report will discuss Edward Jenner leadership program which is provided at leadership
academy of the NHS. This report will include importance, structure and benefits of the
Edward Jenner leadership program for the NHS and the participants of the program.
LITERATURE AND DISCUSSION
Difference between leaders and managers
As per the view of Mahdikhani and Yazdani, (2020) leaders are the people those who
work as leading person in business unit, they inspire people and share their vision with them
to boost them. They are the most responsible person in organisation those who motivate
others by giving them rewards so that people feel better and contribute well in success of
organisation to great extent. On other hand managers are another essential part of business

those who are responsible for managing large number of employee in firm and individual
takes responsibilities of their work so that overall goal of company can be accomplished soon
(The Difference Between Leadership and Management, 2020).
According to Kidane, (2019) management are the head person who has to impalement
some unique action for the betterment of business but they are restricted to follow instruction
of their seniors in firm. On other hand leaders create new visions and find new ways through
which business can grow well in market and company can gain competitive advantage soon.
Saletti, (2016) argued that leader and manager both are part of organisation but both have
unique duties in organisation. One of the major differences in both is that managers give
direction to the employees so that they can understand their work and can finish it on time
(Difference Between Leadership and Management, 2018). Whereas leaders do not give
direction, they ask questions with their workers whether they are facing any trouble or not
and accordingly to their issues leaders guide them so that employees can finish their work on
time and with efficiency.
As per the view of Jankurová, Ljudvigová and Gubová, (2017) leadership is all about
inspiring people whereas management is all about managing employees in organisation.
Leaders are the persons those who drive employees and managers finds issues or fault in the
existing practices so that necessary improvement can be made. Leader’s works as inspiring
person, they create such environment so that people get motivated. Leaders make followers
and managers make subordinates. Management people always cross check each activity,
monitor each task and find the suitable solution thorough which fault can be minimised and
operational efficiency can be improved. Leaders always work in a manner so that that they
can be hero of their workers. That is the reason that employees are so positive towards their
leaders. They support leaders every time. Whereas management people always work to
become hero in organisation, they have less concern towards their workers. They always
emphases on their achievements rather than comfort of staff members. That is the difference
between both hence people are not so connected with their managers. Staff members follow
instructions of management just to protect their job but they do not feel comfortable to
discuss their issues with their management.
Saletti, (2016) argued that leadership is the act that inspire others and enable them to
be loyal and contribute well in success of entity. Whereas, manager has controlling behaviour
where managers have to control over employee’s actions and working behaviour so that no

complications take place in business unit. Personality is the biggest factor that creates
difference between them. Leaders have great charisma. They have risk taking personality
where they find unique ideas to finish work with more efficiency. Some times it may give
them negative results but leaders have risk taking personality that makes them different from
managers. On other hand managers have strong will personality, they are intelligent , they
analyses each situation carefully and rather than taking risk they like to work with pre
determined formulas. They think that it may give equal results an enterprise can sustain in
market for longer duration (The Difference Between Leadership and Management, 2020).
Starostin, (2018) stated that leaders are the person those who are more people oriented
that means leaders think more about staff members. They always care for their employees
and try to resolve their problems soon. This behaviour or orientation of them make others
positive towards them and people like to follow their instructions. Whereas managers are task
oriented person as they give more attention to business activities and task. They do not
compromise with the quality and efficiency. They talk to rest staff members with relation to
task only hence they make only formal conversion with employees whereas leaders try to
build strong bonding with workers so that they discuss their each problem with leaders. This
is the personality differences that make them different from each other.
As per the view of Moos, (2017) leaders have influencing behaviour where they
influence other employees with their positive behaviour and approach. They inspire others
and involve them in each decision. That is the reason that people are very connected with
their leaders hence they accept decision of leaders every time (The Difference Between
Leadership and Management, 2020). Whereas managers work as formal authority in
organisation, they show their position every time. Managers guide people but it reflects their
position in the firm. Hence many times employees fail to build bond with them. According
to....leaders are the persons those who encourage change, as market conditions get changed
every time hence it is required for the company to makes modification in its process and
policies in order to gain competitive advantage. Hence leaders find innovative ideas to bring
positive changes in business unit. Whereas managers are the people those who always try to
bring stability in company. Hence they avoid bringing changes at workplace, they always try
to work with pre determined policies. This minimises risk and enterprise can sustain in
market easily.
Similarities between leaders and managers

As per the view of Samartinho and São João, (2019) management and leaders are both
responsible people those who work for the growth of business unit. They work for
developing functional structure in firm so that employees can work better and perform their
duties with efficiency. Bratton, (2020) argued that managers and leaders influence business
environment and always try to improve company’s performance to great extent. They work
hard to accomplish goal of business unit to great extent.
According to Hajro, (2019) they main concern point of managers and leaders is to
allocate resources in effective manner so that everybody can manage their work better and
overall company’s performance can be raised soon. They both are result oriented people as
both wants that firm grow well and employee’s expectation get meet soon. Both works as
supervisors as they lead group of people so that enterprise can get positive outcome. They
both communicate with employees, make them understand their duties so that all the workers
can manage their work and overall gaol of business unit can be accomplished. Leaders
always work to enhance capabilities of staff members hence they train them and make them
learn new things so that people can perform their job role more effectively. Same managers
also arrange training sessions for their employees so that staff members enhance their
capabilities and become able to manage their work on time and with efficiency (The
Difference Between Leadership and Management, 2020).
As per the view of Samartinho and São João, (2019) Leaders are the people those who
align people and managers also align workforce. They both direct staff members. They
ensure that employees have all the knowledge and detail and they guide employees
accordingly so that people can work better. They both cope up with changes and develop
healthy workplace culture so that staff members can work comfortable and they retain in
business for longer duration. They both build commitments and ensure that no worker has
complain in workplace. They are responsible to make plan and organise activities in
systematic manner. This work arrangements aids in managing resources well and utilising
time in so effective manner so that overall goal can be accomplished soon.
Theories of leadership
Trait theory
Hellström, and Hagquist, (2019) argued that Trait theory of leadership states that
leaders are essential part of business unit. Leaders are different from other employees. This
theory pays attention in personality traits of leaders and how character of leaders is different

from others. Leaders are drivers and they are honest. This is very important and essential
character of leader. As leaders of company always try to drive people so that they finish their
allotted work on time. Leaders give instructions to all staff members and ensure that they
become able to manage their work on time with efficiency. This is the essential feature of
leader which helps other employees to work better in organisation and show their capabilities
to organisation (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2020). Self confidence of leaders is another
essential trait of them, as they show their confidence to others and always take such decision
in which they are confident that company will get positive results. Leaders are drivers as they
put hard efforts so that company’s performance can be improved. They think so much to get
more achievements. They have energy and work tirelessly so that people finish their work in
better manner (Bratton, 2020). Leaders always take initiatives so that positive changes can be
brought in the organisation and entity can gain competitive advantage.
Trait theory explains that leaders have high desire to lead and influence employees.
They show full enthusiasm towards company and perform their responsibilities well. Job
relevant knowledge is another essential trait of leader that is explained in trait theory.
Effective leaders or potential leaders have good knowledge about every activity and has
experience to deal with each critical situations well. In-depth knowledge about business
process and activities help the organisation in taking right decision and getting positive
outcome (Chao, 2017). Leaders are intelligent as they are able to interpret each data in
effective manner. Leader’s analyses detail and after analyses of data they make decisions so
that business problems can be resolved soon. Cognitive abilities of leaders make them able to
take good judgement for the welfare of company. Leaders are emotionally mature as they
understand needs of employees and also take care of business profitability as well. They
make balance between both hence people follow their instructions and work hard to meet
organisational goal.
Trait theory emphasises on personality traits of leaders that is the biggest strength of
this theory because it reflects the extent to which leaders are essential for the growth of
business unit (Tal and Gordon, 2016).
But limitation of trait theory is that it is complex to understand because only traits are being
focused. It emphases on subjective judgements and only on the bases of traits decision of
effective leaders are taken by this theory.
Behavioural theory

Lord and et.al., (2017) stated that This is another modern theory of leadership that
emphases on behaviour of leader and their actions. This model states that behaviour of
leaders makes them unique from other persons in organisation. As leaders have positive
behaviour and they take right action to meet organisational goal successfully. Leaders have
technical knowledge and also they are able to manage people. They use their knowledge and
skills to manage workplace activities in effective manner. This theory states that behaviour
of leader makes them good or bad leader. Leaders analyses each situation properly and
accordingly they make their judgements so that goal of enterprise can be accomplished.
Leaders are not born leader, they can be made by learning new things (Behavioral Theories of
Leadership, 2020). Managers and leaders both need to behave professionally with workers.
Their professional behaviour is important to manage all employees and ensuring their
commitments. Managers and leaders always ensure that they do not misbehave with any staff
member in any critical circumstances. If leaders have clam behaviour and encouraging
attitude then followers support their leaders. This support is helpful in brining positive
changes at workplace and gaining positive results. Unacceptable behaviour or negative
behaviour demotivate staff members and in such condition people do not like to work with
their leaders.
One of the main strength of behavioural theory is that it focuses on collaboration and
concerns of people in business unit. Behaviour of leaders towards other employees
encourages others and make them positive or loyal towards the brand (Bratton, 2020). Hence
they perform their work with efficiency and contribute well in success of business unit. But if
leaders do not behave properly then it may create problem in handling workers and business
activities as well.
EVALUATE THE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Importance of leadership training and development for organisations
Leadership is the act of leading employees and making them ready to work hard to
meet organisational goal. Leaders are the back bone of business unit, they encourage
employees and ensure that all staff members maintain efficiency. It is very important for
NHS that it organise training and development programs so that leadership skills of people
can be developed (Hajro, 2019). By this way people will be able to manage their work by
own and will require less guidance. Such kind of training programs is essential for the growth
of firm and also for the growth or employees as well. After getting such training workers can

raise their skills and can get promotion in business unit. Hence such kinds of activities are
helpful in boosting energy of staff members and enhancing their workplace performance.
These kinds of leadership training programs are important to raise employee’s satisfaction.
Leadership development programs plays significant role in NHS and rest other
organisations as well. As it makes leaders aware with requirement of talent hence leaders can
identify skills of existing employees and can find more talent those who can work better in
business unit (Moos, 2017). By organising leadership development programs, leaders can
analyses workers who has potential to be the future leader and give opportunity to that person
so that enterprise can get more leaders those who work for development of NHS. Hence
training of leadership is important for the success of business. Strong leadership practices are
helpful in motivating employees and people become loyal towards NHS that results in
improving operational efficiency (Why Leadership Development is Important, 2020).
Leadership training and development are important to make balance between
employee management and company process. As many times workers do not accept
company’s guidelines hence such kind of training programs is helpful in understanding needs
of staff members and offering them such facilities so that their needs can be met and they
support the firm in every critical situations (Jankurová, Ljudvigová and Gubová, 2017). If
such kind of trainings are not there then leaders will not be able to know about issues of
workers hence they may get fail to take right step for making balance between company and
workers. Training programs are important to understand company’s requirement and making
working environment in such manner so that organisational can be accomplished and workers
can also be retained in the NHS. Being a social firm NHS needs experienced and talented
firm those who can work effectively to provide amazing support to consumers. Hence such
leadership training programs help NHS in managing the workplace culture. By this way all
staff members can work better and they may feel to retain in business for longer duration
(Samartinho and São João, 2019).
Leadership development program
NHS is a leading firm that is continuously working for the social welfare. Edward
Jenner Programme is organised by NHS in which it ensures to develop leadership skill of
leaders so that they can lead large number of employees in effective manner. It gives training
to both clinical and non clinical staff. This training session has all the detail related to social

medical problems so that leaders can develop employees or volunteers to resolve issues of
consumers (Hellström, and Hagquist, 2019).
This program train leaders to understand challenges that may occur in health care
sector and how to deal with these issues. As current COVID 19 issue has destroyed the entire
health care system of world hence this training programs will help NHS leaders to know
more about understanding use of better equipments so that better care can be provided to
patients. This training programs make them able to lead services so that needed people can
get timely care services (Mahdikhani and Yazdani, 2020). Training programs has major
focus on patient and taking practical decisions so that medical services can be reached to
large number of population. One of the major benefits of this Edward Jenner Programme for
individual is that this program train new health care professionals or inspire leaders so that
they can lead a great team to provide amazing and quality care services to needed people.
This training program help individual to make connection with other members and share their
ideas to support network (Kidane, 2019). This training program is very important to find
immediate improvement in the system so that patient can get immediate care.
Analyses of leadership program
This Edward Jenner Programme is also beneficial for NHS as well as its staff
members are able to serve each person in better manner that fulfil goal of NHS soon. This
training program is able to build personal resilience and develop confidence of health
workers so that they can handle each critical situation effectively (Samartinho and São João,
2019).
Mary Seacole programme is another NHS leadership program in which authorities are
giving 100 hours training and also face to face training to NHS health care workers. This
training program are organised to resolve workplace related issues of health care
professionals and make them ready to work systematically so that complications can be
resolved and they can become able to manage their work in effective manner (Programmes,
2020). Benefit of this training program is that it increases awareness among NHS workers
and develop clarity regarding their job role and how to perform their responsibilities. This
kinds of leadership training programs are beneficial to make the health care workers of NHS
aware that how to transform their emotions into assets. Mary Seacole programme is
beneficial for organisation as well; as NHS can make better succession planning that raises
capabilities of leaders to great extent. This program gives benefit to NHS in making powerful

strategies so that necessary changes can be made and positive results can come out (Tal and
Gordon, 2016).
Evaluate the benefits of this leadership programme
Edward Jenner Leadership program is beneficial for both participants of the program
and NHS. Benefits of the program are as follows-
For Individual
The program has been designed for those who are new to health and care service and this is
also beneficial for those who are aspiring leaders (Boag, 2019). This enables them to start
their career from proper idea of what they will have to do in their health and care service and
as a leader.
Participants get to invest in their personal leadership development which is delivered in two
levels. Launch and foundation of the program is online available and free to access this
enables participants to learn in their own time without compromising with their work and
other activities.
This program of the leadership enables participants that they can be part of wider
membership of the leadership academy and at the same time they can also connect with other
health and care colleagues at the academy. This enables them to share their idea, solve
difficult problems, and build their own support team. This increase area and scope of learning
for the participants and others can also get benefit of their knowledge.
Participants can apply their skills immediately at their work and they can understand practical
application of what they have learnt and this allows improving their practices on the right
time immediately after learning (Oxtoby, 2018). This also contributes in improving patients
care at the NHS.
Organisational Benefits
This program has been designed for health and care staffs who are working in any context of
health and care and this helps NHS to employ best and competent employees at all its
working level and they can work efficiently from their initial days at work.
This program helps health and care staff in the first step of their career.

This program offers support and leaning to build personal resilience, confidence and
capabilities which participants can take back to the NHS while they work there.
Launch and Foundation are provided online so participants can learn at any time and at any
place, the organisation does not have to provide extra time to Health and Care staff for their
training.
Participants are learning and at the same time they can work and in such case they can apply
their knowledge at their workplace and they can also compare their workplace practices with
what they have learned in their program (Nicholson and Rogstad, 2019). This enables them to
take initiative at right time and as required.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the discussion it can be concluded that leadership is very important for
the success of an organisation and organisational success is very much dependant on success
of the leadership of the organisation. There are some of the functions which are carried out by
the manager and they reduce the difference of leadership and management but both these
management and leadership context have significant difference which is mainly based on
skills and characteristics of the manager and leaders. This report also discussed some of the
theories of leadership which are based on leadership style and attributes of the leader which
contribute in their success as leaders. The theories discussed were trait theory of leadership
this theory says that leaders possess some specific attributes which are important and play
role in the success of their leadership. Another theory which was discussed in the report was
behavioural theory, unlike trait theory which states that success of leadership is based on
attributes this theory considers that successful leadership is based on the behaviour of the
leader. Behaviour of leader in context of specific situation contributes and plays role in their
success. The situation context of leadership is based on the followers and team mates of the
leader and orientation of the leader which might be task and relationships. Later this report
discussed Edward Jenner leadership program which is provided at leadership academy of the
NHS. This program is delivered in two stages and from online platforms and access of the
program is free. This enables participants of the program to learn in their own time. This
program is designed for those who are new in health and care service and at the same time
those who are aspiring leaders. This is provided as initial training so that they can apply this
knowledge at their work and make immediate improvement whenever and whatever required.

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