This assignment analyzes four papers related to organizational analysis, focusing on leadership and technology in education. The student critically discusses the arguments presented in each paper, examining the authors' contexts, methods, and conclusions. The analysis includes evaluating data collection and analysis techniques, as well as matching the papers' rationales to organizational analysis frameworks. The papers cover topics such as the integration of digital technology in learning, teachers' pedagogical behaviors, the impact of new technology on education, and Biesta's language of learning. The assignment draws on concepts from Hirschheim and Klein's paradigms, exploring how the papers align with sociological positivism, social relativism, neohumanism, and radical structuralism. The student assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each study, providing a comprehensive overview of the research and its implications for organizational analysis.