Organisational Behaviour Analysis: A Case Study of Tesco PLC

This report provides a detailed analysis of organisational behaviour within Tesco, a British retail company. It explores organisational culture using Handy's model, examining power, role, task, and person cultures, and delves into the impact of organisational politics, both positive and negative, on employee motivation and performance. The report further analyses organisational power through French and Raven's Forms of Power, linking its influence on culture and politics within Tesco. Motivation theories, including Maslow's Need Hierarchy and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, are discussed in the context of motivating employees. Finally, the report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the characteristics that contribute to managerial targets and overall business performance. Desklib provides access to this and other solved assignments for students.

Organisational
Behaviour

INTRODUCTION
Organisational Behaviour is related with individuals, group of people working together in
teams. It is therefore an interesting concept which is useful for the purpose of analysing the way
in which the people interact within the organisations (Abdulmuhsin, Zaker and Asad, 2021).
Thus, it becomes quite necessary that its appropriate analysis can be carried out which will help
the organisations a lot. The managers of an organisation should make sure that they are able to
create a positive organisational culture in the organisation so that the individuals and teams are
able to contribute at their best towards the attainment of the different types of goals and
objectives quite effectively and efficiently in a proper and appropriate manner. This report is
based on Tesco. It is a British Retail Company which provides different types of products and
services to the customers in the market. In this assignment, a detailed and specific focus will be
made on the Analysis of Organisational Behaviour in the organisations.
TASK 1
P1: Analysis of organisational culture, politics and power
It is quite essential that the analysis of culture, politics and power is done so that the
conclusions and recommendations can be drawn. This can be done in the following manner-
Organisational Culture-
It refers to the culture which is prevailing within the organisation (Fernando and Bandara,
2020). It is quite important that the proper and appropriate analysis of culture can be done which
will help the organisation a lot. For its analysis the use of Handy's model can be made. Its use
can be made in the following manner-
 Power culture- In it, the power is concentrated among few people and thus it can be
stated that in this type of culture the managers take the important decisions by themselves
which can help them a lot. If Tesco adopts this culture then this will lead towards
autocratic decisions by the managers.
 Role culture- In it, the managers of an organization are required to make sure that they
assign the different types of roles to the people which they can perform according to their
skills and capabilities. This is quite important in Tesco.
 Task culture- In this type of culture, the managers can make sure that they can allot the
tasks to the people according to their skills and competencies. In Tesco, this is highly
1

important and crucial so that the tasks are allotted to the employees according to their
skills and capabilities.
 Person culture- In this type of culture, the managers can ensure that they respect the
opinion which is provided by the individuals. Thus, in this type of culture, the managers
can make sure that they can use the opinion of the individuals in such a manner so that
the attainment of goals and objectives can be carried out by taking the right decisions. For
Tesco, it is highly important that it is able to make sure that it can make the use of this
culture so that it takes the right decisions quite effectively and efficiently.
Organisational Politics-
Organisational Politics refers to the Intentional behaviour's which are designed to
enhance/protect a person's influence and self-interest (Jacobs and Manzi, 2020). It is therefore
important that its use should be made in a right way. There is a Positive as well as Negative
impact of Organisational Politics in an organisation. It can be explained as follows-
 Positive impact of Organisational Politics- In Tesco, the managers motivate the
employees for the good work which has been done by them and also appreciate them.
Therefore, it motivates the employees and therefore can be quite helpful for them so that
they are able to attain the goals and objectives quite effectively and efficiently in a proper
and appropriate manner.
 Negative impact of Organisational Politics- In Tesco, the managers scold employees
even for a small mistake made by them. Therefore, it can create an impact on the
employees because due to this particular reason they will not be able to concentrate on
their work and thus this will affect them a lot.
Organisational Power-
It refers to the ability of the organisation structure to utilize the mandatory resources in favour of
organisation development like man, machine and other resources (Khaola and Rambe, 2020). In
Tesco, this is required so that the decisions can be taken appropriately.
For the analysis of Organisational Power, it is quite important that the use of French and Raven's
Forms of Power can be made. Its use can be made in the following manner-
 Coercive Power- This refers to the way in which the use of coercion can be made by the
managers so that they are able to make sure that they can get the work done by the
people.
2

 Reward Power- Here the use of rewards is made by the managers so that they can
motivate the employees to give their best and attain the goals and objectives of the
organisation.
 Legitimate Power- It refers to the power which is derived from a position or from formal
relationships.
 Expert Power- It refers to the power which is derived due to the expertise of an
individual.
 Referent Power- It refers to the power which is derived by the individuals due to their
perceived value, worth or attractiveness.
 Informational Power- It refers to the ability to control the flow of information that is
needed to get the things done.
Organisational Power is quite crucial and important and therefore it can be stated that its
application can be done quite properly and appropriately for taking of important and crucial
decisions. Therefore, for Tesco's managers it is important that they should be able to make its use
in a right way so that the overall enhancement in the efficiency and effectiveness level can be
done which will therefore help it a lot in managing the different types of needs and requirements.
In Tesco, the Organisational Power can be linked with Culture because the way in which the
managers in the Organisation make the use Power creates a detailed impact on Culture. Also, it
can be linked with Politics because the use of Power shapes the Politics of the organisation.
M1 Examine how power, culture and politics of a business entity influence performance and
behaviour
There is decrease in productivity and profitability in the business if power, politics and
cultural factors will not get suitably utilised. There is power culture that are utilised in Tesco and
it will decrease the profitability and efficiency of all people who are performing their work in the
business. When managers utilise their course of power in an effective way, it will follows
general key terms. If power is utilised by leaders in negative way, then profitability will get
decline. Politics is an important term in the management. Negative politics involves partiality,
change, bias, stress, depression and many other factor that will have an impact on the
profitability and productivity. Conflict management is an essential thing that are need to be
managed if power is utilised by leaders at the field of area. Internal politics will develops
negative impact between candidates. When employees are annoyed or bullied then it will
3

develops negative impact on the candidates. Hence, Tesco managers have to make sure that no
such sort of actions will take place in the field of management.
TASK 2
P2: Theories of motivation
Motivation- Scientists define Motivation as the general willingness to do something. It
means a set of psychological forces which can compel you to take action (Miao and et.al., 2020).
In Tesco, the managers are required to make sure that they are able to make its use for the
particular purpose of attaining the goals and objectives in the future.
There are different types of theories of motivation which can be used within a particular
organisation. Their explanation can be made as follows-
Content theories- It focuses on the internal factors which can energise and direct human
behaviour. There are various types of Content theories. Tesco makes the use of Maslow's Need
Hierarchy Theory.
Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory-
In this theory the explanation of the different types of needs has been made. It is therefore
quite important that the analysis of these needs can be made so that they can be fulfilled
(Pradhan, Jena and Panigrahy, 2020). The explanation of the needs can be made as follows-
 Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of every human being. Therefore, for the
managers of Tesco it is quite important that these needs can be fulfilled.
 Security and Safety needs- These are the needs which are related with Security and
Safety of a person. For the managers of Tesco it is quite necessary that they are able to
make sure that they can fulfil these needs.
 Social needs- These are the needs which are related with social needs and requirements
of the human beings. In the context of Tesco, it is highly necessary that they can fulfil
these needs in a proper and appropriate manner.
 Esteem needs- These are the needs which are related with appreciation and respect. For
Tesco, it is therefore important that they can be fulfilled.
 Self-Actualization needs- These are the needs which are related with a person achieving
his/her full potential. For Tesco, it is necessary to make sure that these needs are fulfilled.
4

Process theories- These are the theories which provide an opportunity to understand the thought
processes which can influence behaviour. There are various types of Process theories. Tesco
makes sure that it is able to make the use of Expectancy theory for the purpose of motivating its
employees.
Vroom's Expectancy theory-
The explanation of the Expectancy theory is as follows-
It assumes that behaviour results from the conscious choices among alternatives where
the purpose is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. It has the following variables-
 Expectancy- It means that the increase in effort will lead towards an increase in
performance. Thus Tesco's managers must encourage the employees to increase their
efforts so that they can enhance the performance level.
 Instrumentality- It refers to the belief that by performing well a valued outcome can be
received. Tesco's managers should make sure that they motivate the employees to
enhance the overall level of performance.
 Valence- It refers to the importance which is placed by the individuals over an expected
outcome (Tran, 2020). In Tesco, it is important that the employees are able to place this
importance which will help them a lot in attaining the goals and objectives.
M2 Measure application of these theories influence others behaviour.
It has been crucially measured that such theories are practical in the business in an
efficient way by which individual can encourage their staff faculty. Such theories will have an
impact on the management and also on managerial performance in negative way.
TASK 3
P3 Discuss what makes a team effective and ineffective.
Effective groups are termed as the team of person, in which they are coordinate with each other
with the purpose of attaining organisational goals. The management of Tesco can enhance their
productivity and profitability by having effective term of groups. In relation to the Tesco, the
managers try to create effective teams to attain managerial targets in specific period of time. As
there are two sort of teams that present in the management involving efficient and inefficient
groups. The characteristics of both the teams which are different from each other that are as
follows -
5

Inefficient teams not have basic aim and goals. The staff faculty of ineffective team are
not definite about managerial targets. As there are higher opportunities of issues and problems in
the group (Dartey-Baah, and Agbozo, 2021). Such groups are not suitable for Tesco as it will
have an impact on the performance of the business. On the other side, effective teams are those
that have distinct aims and goals. The staff faculty of this group have higher potential to
accomplish all the tasks on definite time in an effective way. As it is advantageous for further
Tesco's advancement and productivity.
Tuckman's Theory of team development -
It was introduced by Bruce Tuckman in the year of 1965. It is a team management model
that follows the team that have individuals who are expertise in specific area. The theory
involves five sections of team growth that are as follows -
Forming - It is the primary level of team development theory. In it the team has to
introduce several tasks and actions that has to be perform. The several actions that involves at
this sections are collecting the source of data, planning and coordinating. As there are diverse
individuals who have come from varied aspects and will get time to talk with each other.
Storming - In this level, the formed team are started sharing their roles and advising
thought of orientation to each other with the purpose of executing the task (Fernando, Akter, and
Bandara, 2021). As all of them present varied field of orientation by which there will higher
opportunities of issues between staff members.
Norming - In this section, group associates perform varied exercises that are collaborate
on various values and standards that should be get functions.
Performing - This section is ascertained by higher term of freedom, knowledge,
motivation and competency.
Adjourning – As it is the last section of team development where task is executed and
staff members of the groups that are distinct.
Team direction is an important component that supports the leaders to execute and attain
managerial roles and functions in definite framework of time. The managers of Tesco have to
make sure that they are creating efficient teams that involves each and every individual expertise.
Team management supports in maintaining and collaborating the roles and task for its success as
effectively. As there are also various issues that are important to be get solved on time.
6

 Effective team - A team that hold an effective objective and work together in the manner
of accomplishing them rapidly and efficient as possible is termed as effective teams. In in
the respective management, basically target are form an effective team by which the
management can grow effectively. Some of the the factors that are responsible for the
formation of effective team that are as follows -
 Sturdy commitment - This factor is apparent inside group by clear aim and individuals
with strong will power. Managerial focuses on encouraging their group members with
bonus and development opportunities by which they can show real and strong sincerity to
their allotted project.
Ineffective team - Ineffective team are those team that do not poses or have any lucidity in their
aims. They lack holding and have very weak relation and that is because of that have deficiencies
of the commitment and tending to their outcome. Team members separately are not so hard-
working and deficiencies of the creative skills too. By the respective management that try to
make effective team and neglect the mistakes but sometimes due to uncertain conditions and
scenarios leads to arrangement of ineffective group. As there are some of the factors that are
responsible for the arrangement of ineffective team:-
 Lack of loyalty towards team members - This might be a leading factor accountable for
ineffective group formation and the managers of top levels sectons try to ignore such
scenarios.
7

M3 Examine effective theories of team development.
Tuckman theory offers effectiveness of the group and group management. This theory
will support the management in maximising their relationship among workers and performance
of their roles as in the team towards their mutual targets (French, and et.al., 2021). This theory
linked with the team development in which the leaders develops groups by which their targets
will get accomplish by increasing the goodwill of the business at the field of the management.
TASK 4
P4 Apply various philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour in context of
management.
It is the procedure of measuring the behaviour of respective who are performing their roles in the
business. It involves several factors like standards and beliefs, ethics, practices and many other.
As it follows essential role of managers and leaders is to attain the targets on time and encourage
their candidates on daily basis. In relation to Tesco, the managers of the business utilise varied
term of theories and concept that are as follows -
Business Environment - In the relation of Tesco, current scene of the business is not
effective because there is no suitable connection among the workers of business that will get
effected on the global performance of management as effectively and efficiently. It produce
higher term of confusion among team individuals and will have an impact on the managerial
aims (Luturlean, and et.al., 2021). To follows the suitable conditions in an effective way, the
leaders and managers applies Path Goal Theory that are as follows -
Path Goal Theory
Path goal theory will concentrates on particular sort of leadership styles with the purpose
to attain the targets of the business. In relation to the Tesco, the management require to maximise
the motivation of the workers and provide them satisfaction in respect to get higher term of
profitability.
8

Categorization of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics – As in relation to the Tesco, the high section of authority will
maximise the knowledge about the requirements and needs of their workers. Hence, it is
effective for them to encourage employees on an uninterrupted basis. It will create positive
sections in the business and also encourage other workers towards attaining of the common
targets of the business.
Environment and Task attributes - In this division the managers of Tesco will
concentrates on the issues that are faced by the candidates in the field of management. In context
to this section, executives will concentrates on making sure that there will be no issues arises at
the field of work and they also create positive working environment (Rao, Abdul, and Kamel,
2021). The global term of result of the working performance and profitability of workers will get
enhanced.
Leadership Behaviour - In this section of the Path goal, the managers will concentrates
on choosing an efficient section of maintaining section that are effectively aware about the
individuals of business and about other section also. The consequence of this is that the leaders
of the Tesco can effectively accomplish their managerial targets and aims in an efficient way in
the present duration of time.
In context to the Tesco, there leaders are concentrating on adapting an effective structure
that are termed as participative management style. In this style, it will basically concentrates on
their performance and hard work that are given by candidates and managers who should make
sure that candidates are include in the decision making procedure. This procedure will supports
in creating positive environment when individuals can effectively discuss the conflicts that are
faced by them by developing communication procedure effective.
Characteristics of Path Goal theory
 Conquering hindrances – Managing the barriers and overcoming them is the main
direction of this theory. If the hindrance get too powerful for candidates then manager of
the respective business should take charge and lead the candidates to overcome them.
 Work group - If any group is not supportive then managers should take initiative and
take suitable steps in accomplishing orientated targets. In the respective management, the
leader concentrates on team working and that is why accessory team is very essential part
in the business.
9