Organisational Behaviour Analysis: Fullers Brewery Case Study Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the British brewery company, Fullers Griffin. The report explores how organizational culture, power dynamics, and political influences affect individual and team behaviors and performance. It examines Handy's model of organizational culture and various types of power, including coercive, reward, expert, and legitimate power, and discusses the impact of positive and negative politics within the organization. Furthermore, the report evaluates content and process theories of motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Vroom's expectancy theory, and how these theories and motivational techniques enable the effective achievement of organizational goals. Finally, the report defines the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams and applies organizational behavior concepts to the context of Fullers Brewery, offering insights for leadership and management practices.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1: Analyse how culture, power and politics organisation influence behaviours and
performance of individual and team...........................................................................................1
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................3
P2: Evaluate how process and content theories of motivation and techniques of motivation
enable effective achievement of organisational goals.................................................................3
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................6
P3: Define what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.............................6
TASK4.............................................................................................................................................8
P4: Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour with context to organisation
and given business situation........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is defined as the study and implication of knowledge about
behaviours and attitudes of human related to other factors of organisation such as- technology,
structure, social system etc. (ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, 2020). It is very important to
analyse and encourage the behaviours of employees for successful operation of business.
The Fullers Griffin brewery is a British brewery company founded by John Bird filler,
Henry Smith and John Turner in 1845. Headquarter of firm is located in London and the
essential product is beer.
In this report how organisation's culture, politics and power affects the behaviour of
individual and group are observed. Further different theories and techniques of motivation that
enable firm in achievement of business goals effectively, ways to make effective team of
ineffective team are explained. In addition concept and philosophies of organisational behaviours
are explained in the report with context to Fullers Brewery.
TASK1
P1: Analyse how culture, power and politics organisation influence behaviours and performance
of individual and team.
Organisational behaviour is the study of human behaviour within organisation in context
of size, structure, power, culture etc. It plays important role in smooth functioning of business
enterprises. following are the factors that affect individuals and team behaviours.
Culture :- Organisation's culture is considered as the collection of values and norms and
assumptions of business that guide and inform actions of members of firm. Strong culture of
organisation is important for employees to know how top management expect them to react to
any situation, employees believe that expected reaction is proper; employees feel that they will
be rewarded for showing organisational values (Anitha, 2016). Handy's model of organisational
culture can divide culture into 4 elements described as follows :
Power culture: Power is the authority to rule and control someone. In organisations
power remains in few people's hand and only they are enable to take decisions. The effective use
of power impacts respective organisation in positive ways while, using power to only control and
rigid people affects the firm in negative ways. In terms of Fullers spreads positive power in order
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to make guidelines to help employees in accomplishment of their tasks and duties will influence
employees behaviours and performance in effective ways.
Task culture: In task culture employees teams are made to solve specific problems and
projects and are depended on their own expertise or on their colleagues to complete task and
project correctly. In terms of respective firm specific teams and groups are made to perform
unique tasks and projects within specified time-limit and members of teams are allowed to use
their unique expertise (Whelan, 2016). This will be result in influencing the behaviours of team
members and their performance of giving productive output.
Role culture: It is found in bureaucratic organisations and is highly job-oriented. Due to
strict obligations, procedures, rules it has more negative impacts on human behaviours. To avoid
this negative impact on employee’s behaviours and performance leaders of Fullers Brewery can
delegated roles and responsibilities of employees as per their specification, qualifications and
interest to extract best out of them.
Person culture: It is found in professional organisations where employees are more
concern about own self rather than company. In terms of Fullers should have complete
knowledge about expertise of every member and should understand their needs & interests so
that they can work freely and take the responsibility of their own work. This will be result in
positive behaviours and performance of team members.
Although task culture is suggested for Fullers Brewery because it creates a balance
between power from upper level and authority of employees of performing tasks. Positive use of
power, politics and culture will result in effective productivity and performance, building co-
operation and coordination between team members that leads to smooth functioning and
obtaining of desired objectives of business.
Power:- Power is defined as the ability to make things happen things as per the
perception of someone and others are expected to done things according him/her (Askeland,
2019). Following are the types of organisational power:
Coercive power: It is the type of power used to force someone to submit to one's needs
for the fear of losing something. It affects the behaviours of employees in negative way. Leaders
and managers of Fullers should avoid using of this type of power for influencing employee’s
behaviours and performance in effective way.
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Reward power: this type of power uses perks, rewards, new projects & training and
development opportunities, monetary benefits and better roles to influence employees. It has
positive impacts on human resources of organisation. In terms of managers and leaders of Fullers
can use job status, bonus and impressive rewards to influence employee’s behaviours for
performing better.
Expert power: People who have experience and knowledge more than others individuals
of group exhibit this type of power. Leaders and managers of respective should help and guide
their employees in accomplishment of their duties. This will impact behaviours of employees in
significant way and better their performances (Appelbaum and et. al., 2016).
Legitimate power: It is traditional type of power and acts as formalised way of ensuring
that there is someone to make decisions of organisation and someone is responsible to perform.
Leaders and managers of Fullers Brewery should make effective decisions for organisations.
This will impact employee’s behaviours and performance in effective way.
Politics:- Organisation's politics also influence the behaviours and performance of
individuals and groups (Chinomona and Mofokeng, 2016). Politics in organisation are two types
positive and negative described as follows:
Positive politics: It is defined as the behaviours designed to influence others by helping
them. For instance building professional image, complimenting and volunteering others. Leaders
and managers of Fullers should use positive politics to increases the efficiency in performance
and building interpersonal relationships between groups (Fuller’s, 2002).
Negative politics: It is designed to achieve personal goals at the cost of organisation. This
influence people social- groups, co-operation, spreading information’s and other functions of
organisation in negative ways. In terms of respective organisation's leaders and managers should
ensure team work, job satisfaction and proper communication to overcome negative politics
(Yadav and Sharma, 2020).
Thus, as per according to the above mentioned analysis it has been determined that in order
to conduct organisational operations it is essential for The Fullers Griffin brewery to make sure
that there is positive politics prevails in workplace structure. In addition to this, it is also
important for company to make sure that there is healthy conflict prevails among employees as
with the help of this company can effectively enhance its productivity in a well define and
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effective manner. Furthermore, it has been identified that with the help of positive politic and
healthy conflict The Fullers Griffin brewery can ensure positive impact upon team and individual
behaviour with more effectiveness.
TASK2
P2: Evaluate how process and content theories of motivation and techniques of motivation
enable effective achievement of organisational goals.
Motivational theories:- Motivation is defined as the process that guides and maintain
goal-oriented behaviour within organisation to fulfil the achievement of end objectives of
business. Content and process theories of motivation in context of Fullers Brewery are discussed
below:
Content theory: It is the combination of motivational theories that try to explain what
motivates employees within the organisation.
Maslow's motivation theory: Maslow gives five stages of motivation in his theory that
motivates employees for effectiveness in achievement of business objectives. This steps
considered below:
(Source: MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS, 2020)
Psychological needs: It is related to food, water and shelter needs of person to survive.
Managers and leaders of Fullers can enable effectiveness in business goals through fulfilling
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Illustration 1: MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS, 2020

psychological needs of employees by providing reasonable work hours, comfortable working
conditions necessary breaks for lunch etc.
Safety needs: It is related to personal, financial security that needed by employees at
workplace. In terms of managers and leaders of respective company should provide basic salary
and wages to its employees, insurance services, job security etc. for successful attainment of
business objectives (Suyono and Mudjanarko, 2017).
Social needs: It refers to the interaction and acceptance of oneself by groups and teams in
organisations. Leaders and mangers of respective firm can fulfil social need of their employees
by ensuring group activities, co-operative team works , kind supervision etc. this will result in
effectual goal accomplishment.
Self esteem needs: Employee wants respect and good image in organisation to fulfil their
self esteem needs. In terms of Fullers managers should offer praise and recognition for doing
good work, offering promotions, job enlargement, job enrichment for adding value in
organisational effectiveness.
Self actualisation need: It is related to the desire of someone for reaching full potential.
Leaders of Fullers can fulfil this need of its employees through enhancing employees
performance by providing challenging work, invites employees to participate in decision-
making, autonomy & flexibility in jobs (Healy, 2016).
Thus, according to the above mentioned evaluation of Maslow theory of motivation it is
essential for managers and leaders of The Fullers Griffin brewery to make sure that needs and
demand of each and every employees is fulfilled in an effective manner. In addition to this, it6
has been evaluated that it is also important for company to provide proper job satisfaction,
healthy workplace structure to employees as it will help them to accomplish their roles and
responsibilities with more effectiveness. Along with this, company is also required to provide
proper reward and recognition to employees in order to enhance their self esteem. All these
practices will help company to effectively motivate employees towards organisational goals and
objectives.
Process theory: It is defined as the scientific observation of individuals to measure how
occurrence in a specific process can leads to outcomes.
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Vroom's expectancy theory: Vroom realised that an employee’s performance is based
on individual factors such as- knowledge, skills, personality, abilities and expertise. It is based
upon following beliefs:
Valence: It is related to emotional orientation individuals holds with respect to rewards.
Leaders of Fullers can achieve effectiveness in business goals through considering emotional
values and needs of employees. For instance if a person wants job as per own choice monetary
benefits doesn't motivate in this situation (Baumann and Bonner, 2017).
Expectancy: Employees have different levels of confidence and expectations about their
capability of doing work. Managers of respective organisation can motivate employees for
working with full potential through discovering the resources, training and supervision needed
by employees.
Instrumentality: It is related to the performance of employees about whether they will
really get what they desire or if it has been promised by their manager. In terms of managers of
respective organisation can achieve better performance of employees through ensure that
promised rewards are complicated and staff employees are aware about these promise fulfilled.
With respect to Fullers Brewery should adopt Vroom's expectancy theory because it
focuses more on fulfilment of emotional needs and expectations of employees that gives
employees satisfaction of working in healthy and co-operative environment.
Motivational techniques:- These techniques have internal and external influence on
employees that contribute to productivity and satisfaction at work and significant contribution to
projects (Idowu, 2017).These techniques are as under:
Job security: If employees don't have job security they feel distracted at workplace.
Thus, job security is the major factor that motivates employees to work without carrying out
emotional burdens. Leaders of respective firm should offer employees ownership of their work
and give them proper training for stay on top of the list. This will encourage employees for work
with full potential.
Sharing in profit: Another important technique that motivates employees behaviours
which results in better performance. Managers of Fullers Brewery should offer shares in
company's profit to its employees. So that they can feel pride for their co-operation in
accomplishment of business objectives.
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Create a comfortable workspace: This is also an important motivational factor for
employees. In terms of managers of respective organisation should ensures comfortable and
inspiring work place which allows employees to feel comfortable in their own space.
From above techniques management of respective company should focus on profit
sharing. This will motivate employees and give them feeling of part of organisation.
TASK3
P3: Define what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
A team is a group of individuals working together for achievement of common objectives
with co-ordination with one another Rao, 2016). Team work is important for effectiveness in the
business. There are some types of teams described as follows:
Types of teams
Functional teams: In this type of team all members that belong to the same functional
area are responsible to single manager who is responsible for managing the individuals of whole
team. This type of team used by managers of Fullers to fulfil day-to-day activities and functions
and tasks are divided according to expertise of employees.
Cross-functional teams: This type of teams is formulated of members of different
departments to perform specific tasks and that requires different inputs and expertise. Managers
of respective firm made up of cross-functional teams to fulfil specific tasks within specified time
limits with expertise in results.
Matrix teams: In this type of team employee report to different mangers. It helps
managers to mad control over the project without being involved in decisions making. Leaders
and managers of Fullers Brewery use matrix teams for uniting other organisations structures to
give them a balance.
Difference between effective team and ineffective team:- The main focus in effective
teams are on people, while in ineffective teams main emphasis is on performance. There is an
open discussion in effective teams members participates and give their contribution and being
prepared themselves to listen and learn from others. While there is a lack of agreement on
opinions and suggestions of one another which creates situation of conflicts and clashes between
members of groups. In effective teams decisions are taken on the basis of mutual co-ordination
as compared to ineffective teams, where decision is taken through voting. Objectives of group
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tasks are understood well and accepted by the members in effective teams while, in ineffective
teams it is difficult to understood what are the tasks and objective of group. In terms of members
contribution everyone participates in discussions in effective teams as compare to ineffective
teams, where some people tend to dominate the discussions. Leaders of Fullers should maintain
effectiveness in team formulation by assigning groups according to the skills and expertise of
team members. It is the responsibility of leaders and managers of respective company to ensure
proper co-ordination and co-operation between groups so that people can helps each other in
accomplishment of common objectives over personal goals. Managers of respective firm should
assign authority in hands of members to fulfil tasks and allocate required resources for
achievement of task in specified time period. Leaders of Fullers should motivate their employees
through different techniques such as- offering monetary and fringe benefits, rewards & perks
taking care of their emotional values etc. this will influence employees to perform better with full
potential for the accomplishment of business objectives in effective manner (van der Haar and et.
al., 2017).
Tuckman's team development model:- The group development model was first
introduced by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. According to this model forming, storming, norming and
performing are necessary phases for grow up of team members, face up challenges, solving
problems etc. (Natvig and Stark, 2016). In terms of Fullers Brewery these phases are discussed
below :
Forming: In this stage teams gets together and learns about opportunities & challenges
and agrees upon common goals. The leaders of respective firm should guides & direct their
teams and answer questions of purpose, objectives and external relationships.
Storming: Is starts when there is a conflict between team members due to different
working styles. Leaders of Fullers Brewery should use their specific skills and knowledges to
resolve differences between and complaints of team members, so that they can comfortably
participate within groups.
Norming: In this stage agreements are formed among teams. Roles and responsibilities
are clearly accepted by members. In terms of leaders of respective organisation should allow
their employees in decision-making so that they can work with freedom and comfort.
Performing: It is the stage where group members are focuses on accomplishment of
common purpose. Teams not needed to be assisting and instruct. Leaders of respective firm
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should allow their teams to complete tasks by own and ask for assistance if needed. This will
create effectiveness in outcomes.
Thus, according to the above mentioned analysis of tuckman team development theory it has
been evaluated that it is essential for The Fullers Griffin brewery team leader to make sure that
each and every individual in team get roles and responsibilities according to their expertise,
education qualification, capabilities and knowledge. It will not only help company to enhance
workplace or team goal effectiveness but also allow leaders to increase performance of
employees with more effectiveness. As it has been evaluated that with the implementation of
tuckman team development theory The Fullers Griffin brewery can effectively accomplish their
goals and objectives with more effectiveness and can further assure more profitability as well as
productivity.
TASK4
P4: Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour with context to organisation
and given business situation.
Organisational behaviour is related to examine the behaviours of human resources how
they act and react towards situations within the organisation. There are different concepts and
philosophies of organisational behaviours with respect to solve and find out solutions in a
particular situation in context of Fullers Brewery.
Situation: Internal conflicts between members or employees of respective organisation
are arise due to various factors such as- lack of fulfilment of employees personal needs, bias
behaviours of team leaders, organisational structure etc. this will solve in following ways :
Path- goal theory:- This theory is based on the specific behaviours and styles of leaders
that fits the organisational environment as well as employees with respect to achievement of
business objectives (Olowoselu, bin Mohamad and Mohamed Farag Mohamed Aboudahr, 2019).
Leaders of respective firm can use four styles of leadership given by path- goal theory discussed
below:
Directive: In respect of this style of leadership, leaders of respective firm can provide
specific guideline to their employees, make them clear about what is expected from them, sets
performance standards and control their behaviours if performance standards are not met. This
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will makes everything clear and reducing chances of confusions and conflicts between
employees.
Supportive: According to this leadership style leaders of Fullers can make healthy work
environment and interact with their employees tos how personal concern about their needs,
welfare and well-being . This creates good interpersonal relationships between leaders and sub-
ordinates and makes it comfortable for employees to ask leader's for their assistant if conflict and
confusions arise.
Participative: As per these leaders allows their sub-ordinates to participate in decision-
making. Leaders of respective firm can resolve conflicts between employees through building
group decision-making system, sharing information about tasks, goal and path of goals
achievements.
Achievement-oriented: Another important leadership style of path-goal theory is related
to setting goals and encouraging employees towards achievement of these objectives. Leaders of
Fullers can use this style by setting challenging goals and motivate employees to reach their peak
performance level. This will engaged employees in task achievements and they have no time for
conflicts.
Thus, leaders of Fullers Brewery should adopt directive style of leadership because leader
is only person here who holds authority and power to give tasks and directing
& controlling behaviours & performance of employees. Leaders don't allow their employees in
decision-making and define everything clear so that there is no chance for confusions and
conflicts. This will result in achievement of better performance without any barrier.
Contingency theory: It is based on the fact that there is no best way to organise co-
operation, take decisions and lead the firm ( Kulkarni, 2017). Leaders of respective company can
use this style depending upon following factors:
Employees characteristic: It is related to the factors such as- need, experience,
satisfaction, perception of employees. Leaders of Fullers should focus on resolving or reducing
employee conflict by satisfying personal needs and wants of employees.
Characteristics of work environment: This style of leadership is related to factors such
as- organisational structure, teams dynamic which are uncontrollable. Leaders of respective
company should also focus on observing organisation may be reason for internal conflict and
take necessary actions to resolve these conflicts.
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Thus, conflict may arise due to various factors like- employees personal characteristics,
organisation's work environment and lack of proper focus of leaders etc. leaders of Fullers
Brewery should analyse all these factors and then taking corrective measures to resolve them for
effective performance of employees with full potential. This creates smooth functioning of
business, contributes towards achievement of end objectives of firm.
CONCLUSION
From above discussion it is observed that various cultural, political and power factors
influence behaviours and performance of employees in positive and negative ways. Thus, leaders
and managers of respective firm should focus on forming different teams for successful
accomplishment of targets within specified time limits. There are different theories and
techniques of motivation which plays vital role in achievements of effectiveness in employee’s
performance. Leaders of respective firm should constantly use these theories as per the
requirement of situation. Formulating teams according to skills, abilities, expertise, knowledge
and proficiency is important for making a team effective. Different styles and theories of
leadership performs significant role in achievement of effectual performance of employees and
teams. It is important for constant and smooth functioning of business which helps in reaching
final targets and purposes of business enterprise.
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