Organisational Behaviour: Analysing Culture, Power, Motivation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the influence of organisational culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance within Sainsbury. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory, and their application in achieving organisational goals. The report also explores the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the importance of communication, trust, and goal clarity. Furthermore, it examines how organisational philosophies can be applied within an organisational context, providing insights into enhancing employee motivation and overall organisational effectiveness. The study uses Sainsbury as an example to contextualize the theories and concepts discussed.

ORGNISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Analyse how an organisational culture, power and politics influences individual as well a as
the team performance & behaviour.............................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enables
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.......................................................5
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.......................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
.....................................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
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INTRODUCTION
An organisation refers to a combination of various individuals who comes or joins a
group in order to attain certain business objectives. Behaviour refers to a term used for defining
the attitude and a way in which the employee's acts to a situation. Hence, the organisational
behaviour refers to a manner in which the employee's behaves at their workplace in front or
among others. It is significant to study the staff attitude and behaviour as this creates an impact
upon the organisational culture and the working environment of such business (Wood, J and et.
al., 2019). The present report is prepared with an aim of understanding the culture, power and
polities in a company and an analysis of different motivational techniques towards the successful
accomplishment of goals. Also, a discussion upon effectiveness and ineffectiveness of a team is
highlighted through a team development process. Lastly, the report covers different
organisational philosophies with respect to Sainsbury. The organisation Sainbury is a UK based
retail supermarket being established in year 1922.
TASK 1
Analyse how an organisational culture, power and politics influences individual as well a as the
team performance & behaviour
The term culture, power and politics within a business develops a direct influence on the
employees and team performance. The influence of culture, power and politics are explained
below:
Influence of power:
The power refers to an authority that is being allotted to an employee according to their
work and job position. The power provided to an employee's motivates other to get such position
and image within the firm (Larijani and Saravi-Moghadam, 2018). In order to have more deeper
understanding of the power influcnese following are some elements that describes power in
relation to Sainsbury: Coercive Power: Such type of power is provided to those staff members whoa re4
responsible for managing the operational tasks of a company. Saisnbury provides this
power to its CEO who is at the top position in the company.
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 Reward Power: Reward power is provided to those employees who are having an
authority of providing appraisals, training & development or appreciation. In respect to
Sainsbury the power is being allotted to the department of HR who provides proper
remuneration and rewards to company's employee's. Legitimate Power: Such power is provided to the experienced employee's of the
organisation. In Sainsbury the power is allotted to those employee's who has spend long
term in the organisation and are now experienced with its work and culture. Referent Power: Such power is allotted to those who has an ability to influence the other
employee's. In Sainsbury this power is being provided to the leaders or managers who has
a long followers within the organisation.
Influence of politics
The politics refers to a diplomatic behaviour with peer group or with the employee's in an
organisation. The influence of politics within the organisation Sainsbury is explained below: Decrease in productivity: A negative behaviour of employee's leads to the destruction in
their tasks which ultimately leads to the decrease in productivity of their outcomes. Change in the behaviour: There is a possibility that presence of politics within the
organisation brings change in the behaviour of employee's which can harm the
organisational environment of Sainsbury.
Influence of Culture
A culture of an organisation is denoted as a guidance, values, behaviour, hierarchy and
working environment of a business within which the employee's performs their functions. The
influence of culture is being explained below through Handy's model in context to Sainsbury: Power Culture: This is related with a complete control in one hand in respect to business
authority. For Sainsbury the organisational top level management carries this power in
their hand and controls each decision as well as operational activities of a firm. Role Culture: Such type of culture involves roles and responsibilities on the manager's
shoulders. In Sainsbury, the managers are provided with all the roles related to their
function which they are further required to allot to their employee's.
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 Person Culture: This is related with the presentation of potential and abilities that assists
company in motivating their workforce. In Sainsbury, the organisation is not only
directed towards the creativity of their staff (Permana, Widjaja and Rony, 2020).
 Task Culture: This is related with the focus on achievement of objectives. Sainsbury
being a international firm focuses on the task completion because of which they are able
to have business growth.
Influence on individual behaviour &
performance
Influence on team behaviour &
performance
Power When the staff members does not
performs their task accordingly then
this can head to unfavourable
influence on the outcomes & would
lead to complexities.
If this power is adopted more then the
requirement then this will result into a
negative environment or behaviour
which will in last affects the outcomes of
such objective.
Culture The work culture of an organisation
is based on the powers that lies in
manager's hand. When those power is
provided to a person who is not
competent then this would give birth
to unhealthy working culture due to
which the employee's may get
dissatisfied (Khaola and Rambe,
2020).
The employee's performance is based on
the culture as well as environment of a
whole team. In case the team is
operating with unfavourable culture then
this will lead to have an influence upon
whole team in negative manner.
Politics In case employee is carrying a high
attitude or behaviour in diplomatic
manner then this would become
tough to manage for a healthy
environment.
If there comes any scope of political
behaviour or game then this can have a
direct impact upon the whole team
which will ultimately get affected in
unfavourable manner.
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TASK 2
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enables
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
The content theory is also known as needs theories, which focus on “what's” of
motivation. This theory identifies that what are the needs of the company and what motivates
employees to fulfill these needs. The two main content theories are “Maslow's needs hierarchy
and Herzberg's two factor theory.
Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory
This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow's which is completely based on needs of
people. The theory suggests that organisational employee's are motivated by satisfying their
basic needs before moving on to other needs. This hierarchy is presented in a form of pyramid in
which the lowest level become the dominant need and more powerful while the top level become
more complex. The different motivational factors of this theory are described below:
 Physiological needs: These are the basic needs for the existence of human being. These
needs are highly dominant in nature as these are directly concerned to the survival and
maintenance of human life. These needs consists of food, water, shelter, clothing, air and
other basic needs of life (Ghalamkari, S and et. al., 2021). Sainsbury with this respect can
fulfil its employee's need through providing them their adequate salaries on time as well
as bonuses so that they can buy their necessities timely.
 Safety and security needs: This is at the second level in theory which is related to the
need of security and safety that has become more powerful & includes financial security,
health and wellness, insurance, stable job. A company Sainsbury can fulfil this need
through providing them a stable job assurance and an employee insurance.
 Social needs: At this level the emotional relationship motivates the human behaviour
which includes friendships, attachments, family, social groups, community groups. All
these needs motivates the people to work hard. Sainbusy in this respect can provide an
opportunity of informal gatherings or discussion through which an employee will be able
to satisfy its social needs.
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 Self esteem needs:- This stage identifies that an individual carries a desire to be
respected by others. This include self respect, power, freedom, attention, appreciation etc.
fulfilment of these needs leads to self confidence and inability to fulfilment of such needs
leads to loss of morale and confidence. Sainsbury can provide recognition or appreciation
to its employee's for their work done so that employee feels motivated and perform its
task with greater productivity (Powell and Tilt, 2017). Self actualization needs: In this need Maslow's reflects an individual desire to grow and
develop to their full potential. Every individual has a potential to serve their best within
the organisation and becomes an experience personnel of such skills or competences.
Sainsbury at this stage can allow its employee's to furnish their skills and works
accordingly (AZIZAH, 2020).
Herzberg's two factor theory
This theory is also known as motivation-hygiene theory in which some of the factor cause
job satisfaction whereas some towards job dissatisfaction. The theory is based upon two job
factor which includes hygiene factor and motivational factor.
Hygiene Factors: These are those factor which motivates the employees at work place
through the organisational factor such as salary structure, companies policies, internal
environment and various others. Sainsbury can work upon the development of health working
culture along with providing appropriate salaries to their employee's so that the environment can
be maintained in positive manner (Erthal and Marques, 2018).
Motivational Factor: These are those factors which motivates the employees for their
excellent performance through providing growth opportunities and bonuses or appreciation at the
time of hard work. Sainsbury can motivate its employee's through promoting them according to
their position and hard work.
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
The company Sainsbury executes motivational theories like Maslow need hierarchy &
Herzberg two factor theory so to polish employee's morale and productivity. The maslow theory
is used in order to furnish an effective motivation by satisfying their essential needs so that
employee's can work with higher dedication and productivity. Simultaneously the Herzberg two
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factor theory mentions about the company's hygienic condition & regular motivation that is
essential to be there in an organisation so that staff can work in healthy condition. The major so,
of executing these theories is to have successful outcomes from its targets (Prasanna and
Haavisto, 2018).
TASK 3
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Effective Team
A Team work may be stated as the a combination of individuals who comes together for
the achievement of common objective. An effective team work assists in accomplishing the
organisational goals in a way that increases in the productivity. Along with this it develops a
feeling of confidence in employee which then is more dedicated towards the organisational
activities. Team work indulges believe, strong trust & faith between each team members in order
to have collaborative efforts towards the success of Sainsbury.
Characteristic of effective team:
The various characteristics of an effective team with respect to Sainsbury are as follows: Focused: Each member within a team is highly attentive and dedicated towards the
organisational goal having positive attitude. Goal Clarity: A team when working with in effective manner possess a high level of
clarity in its goals and objectives (Zvavahera and Tandi, 2021). Communication: Communication is the most important element which is needed to be
present in a team. This allows each member to present and discuss their views so that
they can be able to achieve their objectives effectively. Trust & believe: It is highly essential to have belief and trust in each member so that can
work together. When the members does not carries any trust then this would lead to
conflicts and miscommunication (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). Mutual decision-making: Effective team is called when each member of that team comes
to a mutual consent and makes decision accordingly.
Ineffective team:
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A team is called ineffective when they does not produces beneficial outcomes or gives
existence to conflicts and other negative elements that can affect the performance of whole team.
Characteristic of ineffective team:
The various characteristics of an ineffective team with respect to Sainsbury is mentioned
below:
Lack of belief & trust: If there is a presence of lack of belief & trust among each team member,
then this would lead to conflicts or differences among team.
Lack of commitment: If the members from a team is not focused or motivated towards the work
then this would lead to lack of commitment (Kotni and Karumuri, 2018).
Lack of communication: An ineffective team is one which does not develops a strong
communication in a team. When there is an ineffective team then this would not allow team
members to achieve their objective.
Belbin Theory:
Belbin Theory:
The Belbin theory states that every employee in a business holds their own behaviour
dependent on that they are provided with various roles in a team. The Belbin theory mentions
employee's roles and responsibilities that are required to be worked upon to have successful
achievement of goals. The team roles in respect to Sainsbury are described below: Team Worker: Team worker is an person who handles & deals with all the affairs of a
team and helps its team in their work with more guidance. Team worker in Sainsbury is
held responsible for taking required decisions and manages the team effectively. Coordinator: A coordinator is an individual who has the responsibility of managing tem
activities and guiding to the team members (Zheng and Bai, 2018). Coordinator at
Sainsbury is generally the team head who has an expertise of work and team
management. Specialist: Specialist is the member within a team who has an experience of such
activities and are ready with their solutions if any contingency appears. The major role of
a specialist in Sainsbury's is to react to the hurdles according to its force with proper
solution & directs the whole team for the achievement of objectives.
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 Implementer: Implementer is one who executes the best plans within a team & takes such
decisions which assists the employee's in performing the activities effectively (Scholl,
2018). An employee in this category is treated as a practical person & offers his views in
a manner that provides healthy working culture to Sainsbury.
TASK 4
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
Path Goal theory of leadership:
The path goal theory defines various leadership styles which a organisation adopts
according to the company's working situation as well as staff behaviour. The major aim for its
application is that it helps to furnish effective motivation to the employee's and enhances the
organisational productivity (Lynch, Lynch and Clemens, 2018). There are different elements of
path goal theory which can be found in Sainsbury, these are described below: Employee's traits: This helps workforce in acquiring distinct knowledge associated to
such forces that are indulged in motivating employee's. Sainsbury could provide this by
offering certain rewards, training and working flexibility, etc. Environmental and task characteristic: This includes those activities that are required to
provide to organisational staff members dependent on their skills and knowledge so to
have more productivity (Driskell and et. al., 2017). In relation to Sainsbury, a manager is
needed to perform a survey within the business so to identify the task requirements.
 Leadership: A leader in the company is responsible for encouraging & guiding is team
through his or her capabilities that is refereed as a leadership. There are various styles of
leadership like autocratic, democratic, laissez fair, etc. that a leader implements and
influences the employee's (Bickle, 2017). In Sainsbury a leader executes democratic style
of leadership through which each employee is provided with an opportunity of presenting
their views for the decision making.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it could be concluded that, the workforce productivity & their
performance is dependent upon the organisation's working culture and the behaviour of
employee's. The efficiency level & company's growth is based on employee's performance that
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could be improved through furnishing continuous motivation. There are two major theories of
motivation such as Maslow need hierarchy theory & Herzberg two factor theory that acts as a
favourable decision to the firm. In respect to have finest results it is essential that a team must
perform its activities in effective manner & avoids the scope of ineffectiveness. If the
organisation feels that the team is required to be enhanced then it must execute relevant theories
that emphasis upon the team development. There are some philosophies which gives a proper
direction towards the successful achievement of business goals.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
AZIZAH, S.N., 2020. Pengembangan Konsep Manajemen Optimisme Jawa sebagai Pemediasi
Gaya Kepemimpinan Path Goal Theory terhadap Pengembangan Konsep Manajemen
Optimisme Jawa sebagai Pemediasi Gaya Kepemimpinan Path Goal Theory terhadap
Produktivitas Karyawan (Studi pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Kebumen dan
Banyumas) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman).
Bickle, J.T., 2017. Developing remote training consultants as leaders—Dialogic/network
application of path‐goal leadership theory in leadership development. Performance
Improvement, 56(9), pp.32-39.
Driskell and et. al., 2017. Team roles: A review and integration. Small Group Research, 48(4),
pp.482-511.
Erthal, A. and Marques, L., 2018. National culture and organisational culture in lean
organisations: a systematic review. Production Planning & Control. 29(8). pp.668-687.
Fallatah, R.H.M. and Syed, J., 2018. A critical review of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. employee
motivation in Saudi Arabia, pp.19-59.
Ghalamkari, S and et. al ., 2021. Investigating the impact of innovation on organisational
performance given the mediating role of organisational culture and the moderating role
of market demand. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. 26(1).
pp.110-125.
Khaola, P. and Rambe, P., 2020. The effects of transformational leadership on organisational
citizenship behaviour: The role of organisational justice and affective commitment.
Management Research Review.
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motivating retail salesforce. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior. 17(1). pp.24-42.
Larijani, F. and Saravi-Moghadam, N., 2018. The effects of positive organisational behaviour on
entrepreneurial personality and innovation. International Journal of Productivity and
Quality Management. 23(2). pp.247-272.
Lynch, D.S., Lynch, M.J. and Clemens, C.M., 2018. Belbin Team Roles. The Handbook of
Communication Training: A Best Practices Framework for Assessing and Developing
Competence.
Permana, A.I., Widjaja, A.W. and Rony, Z.T., 2020. (PEER REVIEW) Performance in
Organisational Behaviour: Strength of Work Discipline and Employee External
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Powell, L. and Tilt, C., 2017. The examination of power and politics in a conservation
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Prasanna, S.R. and Haavisto, I., 2018. Collaboration in humanitarian supply chains: an
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Scholl, W., 2018. Effective teamwork—A theoretical model and a test in the field. In
Understanding group behavior (pp. 127-146). Psychology Press.
Wood, J and et. al., 2019. Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John
Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd..
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