Unit 12 Organisational Behaviour: ASDA Case Study and Analysis Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within ASDA, a major UK supermarket retailer. It examines how organisational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behaviour, performance, and productivity. The report delves into motivational theories, specifically content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and process theories such as Adams' equity theory, evaluating their application in an organisational context. Furthermore, it differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, exploring the factors that contribute to team success. The report concludes by applying concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour to real-world business situations within ASDA, offering insights into improving employee engagement, team performance, and overall organisational effectiveness. The analysis includes practical recommendations for ASDA's management to enhance its organisational practices.

UNIT 12
ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse organisational culture, politics and power that can influence individual and team
behaviour and their performance................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluate content and process theories of motivation in organisational context....................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3 An understanding if what makes and effective team as opposed to ineffective team...........5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB in organisational context with business situation..7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to study of both group and individual activity and
performance within the organisation. It is an essential concept that examines the human
behaviour at the working environment that mainly impact on the job structure, performance,
communication, leadership etc. This project study is based on the ASDA that is one of the largest
British supermarket retailer store in UK that deals in varieties of range of products such as home
ware, food products, financial services, clothing etc. By taking the ASDA this project
showcasing the various terms like power, politics and culture that will majorly impact the
individual and group behaviour at the working place. To encouraging the employees this project
involves the motivational theory and the concept of effective and ineffective team so that team
can be developed for gaining higher profits. At last path goal theory is the best option that helps
in solving the present situation at the working environment(Chumg and et. al., 2016).
TASK 1
P1 Analyse organisational culture, politics and power that can influence individual and team
behaviour and their performance
Organisational behaviour involves the various factors that includes power, politics and
culture which may influence the team and individual person behaviour for getting the proficient
results. In case of ASDA these terms can be shown below for enhancing the productivity and
performance that can be shown below(Miao and et. al., 2020).
Organisational Culture
Culture defines as a norms, belief, values and actions of the individual person that is
helpful in the longer sustainability of the business in marketplace. In context of ASDA, Hnady
culture model can be defined as follows:
 Task Culture- It refers to that culture in which manager are assigned the work as per the
abilities and knowledge of the employees to complete the work on time and in a
productive way. In this manager of ASDA can execute this type of culture for enhancing
the performance of quality of work so that profit earning is easy and firm will enjoy
longer sustainability.
 Power Culture- This culture is reflected the power that can influence the subordinates to
follow the orders and done the task before deadline. If ASDA in their organisation can
1

follow the power culture than it will not motivates the individual person for sustain in the
firm but it will helps the team members to show their high performance within specified
period of time. In this professional one can hold the power so that assisting workers is
effective and results are getting in better way(Pereira, Malik and Froese, 2017).
 Person Culture- In this type of culture, company manager can analyse the individual
potential of the staff members that helps in completing the task in effective manner. In
this employees individually show their abilities and capabilities rather than focus on team
collaboration. If this style culture follows in ASDA than it will helps in enhancing the
individual performance but reducing the team development in effective manner.
 Role Culture- In this type of culture manager can assigned the role to the employees
according to their skills and capabilities. In context of ASDA this culture model helps the
manager in assigning the responsibilities to the employees at the working place. It also
helps in increasing the overall performance of the individual and also enhance the
efficiency of team members.
Organisational Power
Within the organisation manager are holding power due to this task can be attained on
desired period of time. In this manager of ASDA can following the various types of powers as
per the situation occur within organisation so that effective and productive work can be gained
by the business. In this John French and Raven has proposed the several types of power that can
be elaborated below.
 Reward power- It refers to that power which is adopted and followed by the top level
managers for encouraging the workers for getting proficient results. In this ASDA,
manager can use this type of power for boosting the morale for effective working so that
targets can be achieved on time. As it is helpful for accomplishing the goal by enhancing
the individual performance in the team. In this top authority can appreciate the employees
good work by getting them higher rewards so that proficient results can be enjoyed by the
company(Wong, Mahmud and Omar, 2015).
 Coercive power- This type of power is adopted by business manager for punishing the
workers for their mistakes and poor performance. In context of ASDA this power reflects
that manager can fire the workers for their poor performance this will demotivated the
employees but it helps in increasing the output of the company.
2

 Referent power- It is adopted by the ASDA manager to boosting the employee morale
and courage for effective working. In this leaders can motivates employees for
representing the impactful functioning of the team members. It reflecting the major team
performance that also develops the trust and loyalty in the workers of ASDA.
 Legitimate power- This type of power is adopted by CEO of ASDA for controlling and
managing the activities of the employees. This helps in enhancing the team performance
in effective and appropriate manner so that targets can be achieved on specified period of
time(Anagnostopoulos and Papadimitriou, 2017)).
Organisational politics
Politics within organisation is refers to the involvement of workers in the informal
discussions that can includes the negative impression on the overall working place. In terms of
ASDA, politics can be played by the managers that impact positively and negatively on the
performance of the employees. It also impacted the team working and affected the work. It can
be affected in two ways i.e. positive and negative way that can be shown below.
 Positive impact- If manager of ASDA can implement the politics in positive way by
listening the ideas and suggestions of the workers at the time of taking decisions that it
would helps in maximising the overall performance of the team members due to this task
can be attained on time frame(Chang and et. al., 2016).
 Negative impact- Politics within the ASDA, negatively affect the working productivity
and proficiency of the employees because in this top authority does not listen to their
workers due to this they feel demotivated and does not work interestedly but in this they
work forcefully due to this goals can be attained in informal ways.
By analysing the above several aspects i.e. power, politics and culture it is evaluated that
using all this in an appropriate way helps in maintaining the proper decorum at the working
place. This also encourage employees for effective and productive working so that organisation
may gain higher profits and sustain for a longer period of time.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate content and process theories of motivation in organisational context
Content theory
3

It refers to that motivational theory which defines what motivates the employees towards
working within organisation. In context of ASDA, manager can adopts the Maslow's need
hierarchy theory that can be shown below.
Maslow's need hierarchy theory
This refers to that need which can divided into five different motivational factor such as
basic needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self actualisation need and it can be set as
per the particular set of actions. The manager of ASDA can follow this model for encouraging
the employees towards attaining the targets that can be shown below.
 Psychological needs- This type of needs indicates food, water, shelter etc. In this ASDA
manager can motivates the employees by offering fair pay and accommodation facility to
those employees who are belongs to different cities. This helps in boosting the morale of
staff members and helps in gaining higher profits(Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017).
 Safety needs- It can includes safety benefits that encourages the employees for efficient
working. In terms of ASDA, top authority can provide the safety benefits to motivates
their employees for best work by providing them health insurance and medical facility.
 Social needs- At this level employees of ASDA motivates by getting the healthy and
friendly environment within the working place so that they can maintains the good
relation with other employees. This helps in gaining higher profits and revenues.
 Esteem needs- It refers to those needs in which manager of ASDA can provide the
rewards and recognitions to the employees best efforts. This helps in encouraging the
other one to give their best and get the higher rewards. Due to this goals can be achieved
on specified period of time.
 Self actualisation needs- It refers to that highest level needs in which employees focus
on their abilities and do practices for becoming a specialist in that activity. This helps in
getting the best employees by the company who can attaining the goal on time.
4

Illustration 1: source: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Definition, Theory & Pyramid
Process theory
It refers to that theory of motivation that helps the managers to take decisions by
evaluated the efforts for the results. In case of ASDA, manager can adopts the Adams Equity
Theory that can be shown below:
Adams equity theory
This theory was established by J. Stacy Adams that suggest that the employees within
organisation is majorly affected by benefits and rewards, generally means getting the fair
treatment within organisation. As it suggest the balance between inputs i.e. related with
employees performance and outputs i.e. related with profits and revenues that a company can
earn. In case of ASDA, manager can provides the higher rewards to their workers as per their
efforts and performance this helps in enhancing the productivity and overall performance of the
organisation. In offering the pay to the experienced one company can majorly emphasis on the
job equity that helps in presenting the prominent results. On the other hand if manager cannot
focus on the job equity that firm will get the dissatisfied employees and due to this targets cannot
be attained on time period(Barbaranelli and et. al., 2019).
To evaluate the above content and process theory i.e. Maslow need hierarchy theory and
Adams equity theory it is analysed that both the theories helps in encouraging the employees for
effective work so that targets can be achieved on the specified period of time. In this maslow
theory helps the manager to understand the employees basic needs for insisting them towards the
effective work whereas Adams equity theory reflects that manager can motivates those
employees who do more efforts in completing the work.
5

TASK 3
P3 An understanding if what makes and effective team as opposed to ineffective team
Team
It refers to that where two or more than two persons are involved and working in a group
for achieving the common goal and objectives on the specified period of time is called team. In
context of ASDA, there are several types of teams can made as per the circumstances that can be
shown below.
 Problem solving team- It refers to that type of team which is developed for solving the
critical issues in the organisation so that proficiency can be maintained within the
working environment. In case of ASDA, manager can assembled the experienced
employees and make a team to solve the major issues that effect the company profits and
after the problems are solved the team cane be dissolved(Mohammad and et. al., 2015).
 Virtual team- It refers to that team that is geographically dispersed and connecting
through via E-mails, Video conferencing etc. In terms of ASDA, manager can develops
this team to make a efficient results in all the locations where the company is exist.
Comparison between effective and ineffective team
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Concept Effective team refers to the
foundation of successful
business. Without it no
company can gain the higher
profits and revenues and also
does not sustain long for a
longer period of time.
Ineffective team refers to the
foundation of conflict ridden,
unfocused team due to this
failure can be faced by the
enterprise.
Communication In this type two way
communication can done
where employees are also have
right to convey their ideas and
thoughts.
In this type one way
communication is reflects
where only leader can delivers
the orders and subordinates
can follow it.
Goals In this leaders have clear In it leaders does not have
6

vision and objectives that
helps in easily understand by
the team mates so that goals
can be attained on time.
clear vision and targets due to
this employees are not
understanding effectively and
conflicts may arise.
Belbin Theory of Team development
This refers to that model that was proposed by the Meredith Belbin in which they suggest
that in what manner teams can achieves the goals by accomplishing the work on time as per
skills and experience. In context of ASDA, this model is useful for developing the team in
effective manner so that objectives can be achieved on time. Some aspects that is effective for
ASDA can be shown underneath:
 Team work- It defines that aspect in which issues can be handle in effective way by the
active involvement of the team members. It can assist in attaining the target in an
appropriate manner. In context of ASDA, manager can organised the task in every
situation by providing the active participation of the employees so that high performance
can be showed.
 Coordinator- This aspect represents that the coordinator can manages their team
member for attaining the task on desired period of time. In terms of ASDA, coordinator
can maintain the experience team who are confident and smart in solving and gaining the
desired goals. The main motto of this is to reduce the conflicts and misunderstanding at
the time of performing the task.
 Specialist- This play an essential role in the enterprise as this person contains the high
knowledge related to achieving the goals in appropriate manner. As in ASDA, this type
of person creates a confidence and dedication within the team members so that they can
effectively understand the task and fulfils it for getting higher outcomes(Memon and et.
al., 2017).
 Implementer – They are the person who implement the plan in effective and efficient
manner so that goals can be attained on specified time frame. In ASDA, implementer is
the person who are practical person that only works for turning the best ideas into the
reality so that company can gain the competitive advantage and gain higher profits and
revenues.
7

TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB in organisational context with business situation
Organisational behaviour denotes as a combination of customs, values, beliefs and many
more. As a leader of the ASDA they are responsible for coordinating and managing the attributes
of the employees related to accomplishing the targets within the business environment. In this
manager can understand the situation for gaining higher revenues and for this they can use the
path goal theory that can be elaborated below:
Path goal theory
It can be propounded by the Robert House in which they states the several styles of
leadership as per the situation arise within the company. In context of ASDA, manager can
adopts the path goal theory that involves three aspects which can elaborated underneath:
 Employee characteristic- This aspect includes the perception of the individual abilities
and locus of control so according to that managers can make the effective strategies to
encourages them. In context of ASDA, employees are demotivated and not satisfied with
the current use of the legitimate power due to this major conflicts may be arise and task
cannot be done effectively(Bakotić, 2016).
 Task and environmental characteristics- In this aspect leaders of the organisation can
assure that the environment that can sustain within the business firm is friendly and
healthy where employees can effectively work and targets can be achieved on given time
frame. In case of ASDA the working environment is very complex and rigid due to this
conflicts may be between the team members.
To examine the above scenario, that is based on two aspects in which ASDA can face the
problem in communicating with the other members because of rigid environment and legitimate
power so that conflicts may be arise in the employees that will impact the productivity and
performance of the individual employee.
 Leadership behaviour- In this leaders can give more emphasis on using the appropriate
style of leadership so that problems can be solved effectively and targets can be done
smoothly and team mates can do their work productively. In case of ASDA, negative
environment can be created because of legitimate power and poor communication
between the members. To overcome this criticisms leaders can adopts the Participative
style of leadership within the working environment. Adopting this approach of leadership
8

helps in giving the major opportunities to the workers because in this they can share ideas
and thoughts for getting maximum profits and revenues. This also satisfied the staff
members in their jobs due to this they get high extent outcomes. At the same time using
this style of leadership company may face the delay in taking decisions because of
participation of employees within the decision making process(Weng and et. al., 2015).
This participative leadership approach is impact negatively and positively on the working
of the employees. In ASDA, following this style of leadership helps in getting the higher and
productive results from the employees side as they are satisfied at the job position. This helps in
enhancing the image of the brand into the marketplace. It shows positively within the firm. As it
also impact negatively by consuming more time in taking decisions because of selecting the best
one out of many ideas of the different employees. It also creates complexity for the leader to
select the best idea out of several ideas.
By analysing the above path goal theory it is evaluated that this model is very effective to
solve the conflicts and misunderstanding between the employees. In this above two aspects can
defines the situation so that leaders of the organisation can select the bets style of leadership out
of many according to the situation that helps in gaining higher profits and revenues(Alasad,
2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that organisational behaviour is an effective
term for understanding the individual and group behaviour within the working place. It
inculcates the power, politics and culture that impact effectively on the team and single person
performance at this time theories of motivation can help by boosting the morale of the employees
by giving them rewards so that company will gain higher profits and revenues. At this time both
content and process are effective. This analysis also involves the effective team and ineffective
team difference so that company can adopts as per the success criteria. In this leadership style
play a significant role by removing the conflicts and taking the corrective measures on random
basis.
9

10