Bentley Motors: Organisational Culture, Politics, and Motivation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within Bentley Motors, a luxury car manufacturer. It begins by examining the company's culture, politics, and power dynamics, using models like Handy's and Hofstede's to illustrate their impact on individual and team behaviour. The report then delves into motivation theories, including content theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer's ERG theory, discussing their application in achieving organisational goals. Furthermore, it differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting key characteristics and factors that contribute to their success or failure. Finally, the report applies various concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour to the context of Bentley Motors, providing a holistic understanding of its internal environment and operational effectiveness.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................3
P1. Demonstrate the organisation culture, politics and power which can influence
individual and team behaviour of an organisation.....................................................3
P2. Describe content and process theory of motivation with their techniques for
achieving goals..........................................................................................................7
P3. Differentiate between effective and ineffective team........................................12
P4. Apply various concepts and philosophies of Organisational Behaviour...........16
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................18
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Organisation Behaviour refers as the study of both individual and team
performance for an organisation to achieve goals and objectives effectively for
competing with rivalries. The main purpose of organisation behaviour is to
encourage employees for increasing their activities which helps company to
establish strong and trustworthy relation among each other (Abstein, Heidenreich
and Spieth, 2014). The organisation selected for this project is Bentley Motors as
being the world’s most luxury car brand celebrating its Centenary year which is
headquartered in Crewe, United Kingdom. This project demonstrates the
organisation culture, politics and power that influence individual and team
behaviour of an organisation. It further describes content and process theory of
motivation with their various techniques for achieving goals and objectives.
Additionally, this project differentiates between effective and ineffective team of
business with application of various concepts and philosophies of organisation
behaviour.
Bentley Motors:- The Bentley Motors is the world’s most luxury car brand
celebrating its Centenary year which is headquartered in Crewe, United Kingdom.
The organisation was established by its key founders that are W.O. Bentley, H.M.
Bentley with its parent organisation is Volkswagen Group. It produces 9,107 vehicles
in 2012 and 7,593 vehicles in 2011. The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
Bentley Motors is Adrian Hallmark. It is an automobile customisation service industry
with its products is Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentayga SUV, Mulsanne, etc.
P1. Demonstrate the organisation culture, politics and power which can
influence individual and team behaviour of an organisation
Organisation Culture:- This is defined as the workplace where managers,
leaders and employees share assumptions, values and beliefs which describe the
behaviour of workers within business. Managers of Bentley Motors focus on this as
to analyse and evaluate their actions through dress, act and performing jobs criteria
in order to achieve goal. It is further explained with the implementation of Handy
culture model that is mentioned as under:-
Handy Model:- This model was introduced by Charles Handy as being the
leading authority of organisation in 1999. Managers of Bentley Motors implement this
model as to develop co-ordination among workers and deliver their best action for
achieving organisational goals and objectives (Handy Model. 2012).

 Power:- It is the process through which power and control of business
activities for various group of individuals to few persons. Managers of Bentley
Motors monitor and control radiates from centre, concentrates power and little
bureaucracy by shifting decisions as possible.
 Task culture:- This refers as manager and leader delegate roles and
responsibility to their workers through decentralisation in accordance with
capability of workforce. Managers of Bentley Motors discriminate the specific
target into division of work and have certain power to change in accordance
with situation (Althonayan, 2017).
 Person culture:- The people believe that they are doing their best and
implementing superior action for achieving success. Managers of Bentley
Motors provide training and development programmes to improve skills which
reduce the possibility of errors and lead to achieve specific target efficiently.
 Role culture:- The effective teams are formed to solve the particular
problems which delay in accomplishment of goals. Managers of Bentley
Motors derive the power to expertise for controlling the risk of errors through
strategic decision of corrective measures.
Hofstede’s Model:- This framework is a cross-cultural communication,
developed by Geert Hofstede. It demonstrates the effect of society culture
towards the members of organisation in performing their actions. Managers of
Bentley Motors implement this model as to analyse the behaviour, culture and
beliefs of society members which impact the performance of workers (Hofstede
model. 2012).

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 Power Distance (PDI):- The managers of Bentley Motors use this power
distance as a willingness of a culture to accept status and power of
difference among its members. The company focus on this as to
differentiate the roles and responsibility of individuals in accordance with
the capability to deal with it.
 Individualism versus collectivism (IDV):- It is the process through which
managers of Bentley Motors emphasize leaders to motivate their workers
for completing task to achieve rewards. The role of leaders in Bentley
Motors is to encourage employees for achieving individual and
organisational goals by completing their task with collaboration to
accomplish it efficiently. This result in gaining the monetary and non-
monetary rewards such as bonus, incentives, promotion, performance
appraisal, etc.
 Masculinity v/s Femininity (MAS):- The managers of Bentley Motors
focus on developing equality among its workforce either male or female. It
majorly aims to provide equal compensation to its workers for motivating
them to complete their task effectively with time management.
 Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI):- This refers as uncertainty faced by
workers through lack in tolerance and not able to follow the rules and
regulations of company. It is essential for managers of Bentley Motors to
provide training and development programs for guiding its workforce to
manage and deal with various problems effectively.
 Long-Term Orientation (LTO):- Bentley Motors managers focus on
achieving short and long term goals by encouraging workers to perform
their business activities achieve personal goals. The Company further
motivates workforce to give their high level of efforts for gaining desired
wish that embarks their individual objectives.
Organisation Politics:- This is described as the self serving behaviour of
employees who perform their task with eagerness and the motive is to achieve short

and long term goals effectively. Managers of Bentley Motors focus on this as these
persons have the capability to achieve individual and organisational target efficiently.
It is beneficial for the company as the members are self motivated and lead
organisation to accomplish success in order to compete with its rivalries. The
organisational politics is positively impacted as the individual and team behaviour
boost their motivation and morale for goal achievement. The main aim is to restrict
errors through corrective measures for sustaining in global market by developing
their competitive strategies (Balmer and Burghausen, 2015).
Organisation Power:- It is referred as the ability of directors and leaders in
delegating task to others by instructing them to perform their activity within particular
time period. Managers of Bentley Motors implement this as they have the power to
supervise their work to other in completing it for them. It is beneficial for company to
utilise all the mandatory resources in favour of organisational development. The
main purpose of organisational politics for managers is to assign activities for
different workers and make them to do those tasks. It is described on the basis of
French and Raven theory which is as follows:-
French and Raven:- This is defined as the social power which have the
ability to change belief, attitude or behaviour for achieving specific target. Managers
and leaders of Bentley Motors implement this as to change their leadership style in
accordance with situation of business for achieving success.
 Legitimate:- It is described as the power of position in business such as Chief
Executive Officer, Vice President, Chairman, President, etc. Managers of
Bentley Motors delegate their works in accordance with organisation power to
complete certain specified action.
 Reward:- This refers as to encourage workers through providing personal and
impersonal rewards for workforce. Managers of Bentley Motors give rewards
as develop eagerness, engagement and involvement among workers.
 Expert:- The expert have capability to examine actions are done in
accordance to achieve goal or not (Blyton and Morris eds., 2017). Managers
of Bentley Motors focus on their expertise as to restrict errors through
corrective measures.
 Referent:- It is the power from another person in liking and wanting to be like
as the other. Managers of Bentley Motors focus on the power of charisma and
fame as being the celebrity or role model for inspiration to others.
 Coercive:- This power is the idea that leader can and will penalise those who
don’t carry out instructions. Managers of Bentley Motors are categorised in
positional power as they have the right to instruct actions within particular
duration.

P2. Describe content and process theory of motivation with their techniques
for achieving goals
Motivation:- The word motivation is derived from Latin word "motive" which
mainly focus on the needs, desire and wants of their workforce. It is the process of
encouraging people within an organisation to perform their actions for achieving
individual and organisational goals. Managers of Bentley Motors focus on motivating
their workers as to develop employee relations through engagement and
involvement which leads to achieve success efficiently (Chinomona and Mofokeng,
2016).
Content Theory:- The word motivation is derived from Latin word "motive"
which mainly focus on the needs, desire and wants of their workforce. It is the
process of encouraging people within an organisation to perform their actions for
achieving individual and organisational goals. Managers of Bentley Motors focus on
motivating their workers as to develop good relations by sharing their views,
information, emotions, beliefs and values among each other. It is further classified
into four theories that are Maslow’s Need Hierarchy, Alderfer – ERG theory,
McClelland and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory.
Alderfer – ERG Theory:- This is a psychological theory which was proposed
by Clayton Alderfer, who implemented the factors of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
theory into its ERG model. Managers of Bentley Motors implement this for satisfying
the needs of an individual to motivate it through existence, relatedness and growth. It
is mandatory for company as to analyse the needs, expectations and desire of their
workers while performing their task to compete with rivalries for sustaining in global
market (Alderfer ERG theory.2018).
 Existence Needs:- It refers as basic physiological and safety needs of an
individual such as food, shelter, cloth, health and safety, insurance, etc.
Managers of Bentley Motors can use this as to fulfil the desire for basic

material necessities for stimulating good performance (Duffield and Whitty,
2015).
 Relatedness Needs:- This is described as Maslow’s social and self esteem
needs which refers as to build the environment of love and belongings among
each other. Managers of Bentley Motors can use this as develop employee
relations with managers, leaders and workforce for understanding their
emotions and feelings while performing their task.
 Growth Needs:- It is described as the need of self-actualisation of Maslow
Need Hierarchy which focus on personal growth and development of an
individual by building self-confidence. Managers of Bentley Motors can use
this for making workers to be creative and to perform meaningful work.
Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory:- This premise majorly emphasize on the
needs and wants of employees which are performing their actions within the
business.
It is essential for managers of Bentley Motors to facilitate their workers with
variety of desires that motivate them to complete their target with high interest to
accomplish at certain duration.
 Basic Physiological needs:- The managers of Bentley Motors focus on their
basic requirements of workforce which includes food, cloth and shelter that is
essential for an individual to survive. This develops good image of managers
and company in the eyes of employees by convincing them to perform actions
effectively by restricting errors (Maslow Need Hierarchy. 2020).
 Safety Needs:- Bentley Motors manager further provides safety to workers
through facilitating them with insurance, security equipments such as globes,
helmets, children welfare, etc. It energise workers to give their high level for
efforts towards company goal as being motivated to gain more benefits
through its extra working.
 Social Needs:- The managers of Bentley Motors focus on social needs of
workforce through developing good relations among each other which leads
them to share their views and information. The managers, leaders and

workers further collaborate with one another for performing their task with
engagement and involvement to achieve goal efficiently.
 Esteem Needs:- Bentley Motors manager emphasizes on self-esteem needs
of workers through motivating and inspiring them by performance appraisal
that result in building good image and reputation among others. It also
energises employees for giving its extra efforts towards company goals
instead of individual appraisals.
 Self-Actualisation Needs:- The main motive for managers of Bentley Motors
is to enrich workers through promoting them at higher level with extra facilities
that builds self-confidence. It is most important for directors to ascertain their
organisational goal that analyse workers to complete their task with efficiency
at certain or specified duration.
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory:- It is the theory which focus on identifying
the satisfaction and dissatisfaction level of employees while performing their
business activities. This is very essential for an organisation to delegate their roles
and responsibility in accordance with the capability of workers to perform their
actions.
The managers of Bentley Motors emphasize on analysing the working style of
its employees and examine the active and inactive workers. It further provides
training and development programs for unproductive employees to complete their
task with efficacy.
 Hygiene Factor:- The main duty and responsibility for managers of Bentley
Motors is to develop good working conditions, peer relationships, leadership
quality, job security, compensation, status for their employees. It motivates
workers to perform their business activities with co-ordination and co-
operation of other employees that actively participate in accomplishment of
organisational goals and targets.
 Motivator:- It is the process through which managers of Bentley Motors focus
on job responsibility, employee satisfaction level, recognition, achievement,
growth opportunities and advancement. The main objective for directors and

leaders is to analyse the reasons for dissatisfaction level of its workforce that
has to be converted into their pleasure and contentment. The Bentley Motor
managers further take necessary steps for motivating employees through
attaining self goals with organisational success.
Process Theory:- The psychological and behavioural process that motivates
people to act in a particular systematic manner for completing their business activity.
Managers of Bentley Motors implement this as to examine the needs of person
which encourages in achieving target efficiently. It is further categorised into four
theories which are Skinner’s Reinforcement, Vroom Expectancy, Adam’s Equity and
Locke’s Goal Setting Theory (Iyamu and Mphahlele, 2014).
Vroom Expectancy Theory:- This theory assumes that behaviour results
from conscious choices among various alternatives to select one with the motive to
maximise pleasure and minimise pain.
Managers of Bentley Motors focus on this as to analyse the needs and wants
of their workers for providing them job satisfaction which develops their morale.
 Expectancy:- The managers of Bentley Motors are beneficial as they use this
strategy with the expectation of increased effort will lead to ascertain effective
performance for achieving goal. It mainly focuses on recruiting right employee
with high skills to perform specific action with specialisation.
 Instrumentality:- Managers of Bentley Motors implement this with the belief
that good performance will lead to achieve valued outcome. It further
develops trust in people by making decisions for analysing the discrimination
of outcome.
 Valence:- The managers of Bentley Motors are profitable by making good
efforts for achieving success efficiently with the motive to meet the estimated
performance. It creates opportunity for growth and stability of business to
sustain in perfect competition market.

Equity Theory:- This theory was introduced by Adam’s equity which focus on
determining the distribution of scarce resources in order to utilise it effectively that
result in stability or organisation. It is being implemented by managers of Bentley
Motors for comparing ratios of contributions (cost) and benefits (rewards) at each
person.
This is beneficial for company to ascertain its growth for competing with its
rivalries through aggressive strategies that creates threats for others.
 Inputs:- It is described as the process through which directors of company
emphasize on quantity and quality for employees while performing their task
towards company goals. The managers of Bentley Motors focus on achieving
its objectives through adding valuable inputs that includes time management,
loyalty, hard work, tolerance, adaptability and commitment. It encourages
workers to perform their business activity with good team morale that leads
company to attain its goals and objectives with efficacy.
 Outputs:- The ability of managers for identifying the positive and negative
impact that individuals perceives within the business. The outputs are further
classified on the basis of tangible and intangible process that involves self-
esteem, job security, employee benefits, etc. Managers of Bentley Motors
further emphasize on increasing the reputation and responsibilities of an
individual by promotion. This encourages workers to give their high efforts
towards company vision and mission for competing with rivalries.
The Porter-Lawler Model:- This theory majorly focus on the working style of
workers for doing their activities in prescribed and effective manner which creates
opportunity to sustain at global market.
It is essential for managers of Bentley Motors to encourage workers for
pertaining high efforts by giving high performance that results in gaining high
rewards to attain satisfaction.
 Effort:- The managers of Bentley Motors majorly analyse the efforts of
workforce by evaluating the task done by every individual and comparing it
from previous and their subordinate. This results in identifying the extra hard
work done by workers in achieving their target that leads to gain company
objectives.
 Performance:- The performance of worker done by managers to ascertain
growth and development of company for competing with rivalries through
gaining aggressive strategies. It is most important for workforce to complete
their task on specified time that builds strength and prospect for company to
minimise threats and weak sport for being stable at longer period.
 Rewards:- It is the process through which employees give their high efforts
for company that result in providing them intrinsic and extrinsic rewards which

motivates them to keep performing their actions effectively. Managers of
Bentley Motors are highly beneficial as workers develop morale that creates
opportunity for company to increase its competitive strategies with effective
performance of its workers.
 Satisfaction:- The workers are highly satisfied by gaining rewards as
expected that encourage them to be loyal for company and perform their
actions by giving best efforts. Managers of Bentley Motors aims to satisfy its
workforce for motivating them to continue their keen interest towards
company goals which also leads to ascertain them individual targets.
P3. Differentiate between effective and ineffective team
Team:- A team is a group of active people working together for completing a
specific target (Kachanakova and Stachova, 2014). Managers of Bentley Motors
focus on their effective team as to develop good employee relations for performing
their task effectively. The main purpose of company is to create worker engagement
and involvement through co-operation for achieving organizational goals efficiently. It
creates opportunity for growth and stability of business to sustain in perfect
competition market.
Comparison between effective and ineffective team:-
Features Effective Team Ineffective Team
Definition The effective team is
foundation for
accomplishment of
success that develops
ability of company to
compete with its rivalries
such as Rolls-Royce,
Mercedes, etc. Managers
of Bentley Motors focus
on this as to improve
quality, facilitate the
completion of project
which results in improving
productivity and
efficiency.
This is a group of people who
are not active in their
performance and lacks in
accomplishment of goals and
objectives. Managers of
Bentley Motors focus on this as
they are not able to provide
training programs which lacks
in developing skills that might
delay in achieving success.
Time Management The effective team is able
to manage their task
within particular duration
in order to achieve
individual and
organisational goals and
objectives.
The ineffective team most
probably lacks in managing
their business activities within
specified time period which
lacks in accomplishment of
success (Leitão and Greiner,
2016).
Employee Relations The main purpose of
effective team is to
develop good relations
among each other
The ineffective team mostly
deals with conflicts, jealousy,
partiality, improper
communication, etc. It lacks in