Organisational Behaviour Report for David & Co. Ltd Analysis

This report analyzes organisational behaviour within the context of David & Co. Ltd. It explores the influence of culture, politics, and power on employee behaviour, examining how these factors impact the workplace. The report then delves into motivational theories, including Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and process theories like Vroom's expectancy theory and Locke's goal-setting theory, assessing their impact on the company. Furthermore, it investigates the characteristics of effective versus ineffective teams, discussing philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject. The report emphasizes how organisational behaviour strategies can enhance company performance and employee satisfaction.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on employees behaviour........................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P.2 Impact of motivational theories on company........................................................................3
Herzberg theory - .......................................................................................................................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
P3 State what makes a team effective as opposed to an ineffective team...................................6
P4 Philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour........................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11
.......................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational Behaviour is the knowing of behaviour and attitude of entire people
involved in the business entity and who impart their effort for the welfare and development of
organisation. In simple word it is an effective strategy that deals with the interaction or actions of
the employees (Azzone and Palermo, 2011). It is important for a company in order to analysis
behavioural aspects of its entire team members so that can be examine the effects of business
performance, communication, job structure, leadership and so on. In this assignment chosen
organisation is David & Co. Ltd which deals is different products distribution and production of
fruit. The business entity serves complete range of fresh vegetables, fruit, exotic Produce, bakery
items, delivered on a daily basis to hotels, restaurants, nursing homes, contract caterers, schools
and government contracts. This report divided into different parts which includes influence of
politics, power and culture on the behaviour of other in context of organisation. Different kind of
motivational theory and understanding of how to cooperate effectively with others. Philosophies
and concepts of organisational behaviour also discussed in this study.
TASK 1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on employees behaviour
Culture, politics and power can affect the behaviour of staff members. Thus as a result
they can easily affect the behaviour of all staff members. Hence culture is described below:
Company's culture: David and company limited has a different and unique culture. It is described
below:
Power culture: Full power is given to core person and thus they can take quick and
effective decisions. Hence all workers have to be accountable to all managers. It leads to growth
and development of all staff members.
Role culture: In this step firm is treated as a building. Al staff members perform their
own role and responsibilities and thus they can perform in a unique manner. Through this all
activities and function can run smoothly and successfully. Thus they can easily accomplish their
own goals (Boohene and Williams, 2012).
Task culture: In this step it majorly focuses on all activities and task which are performed
in the company. Thus different roles and responsibilities are given to all members and the are
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given crucial resources so that they can perform all resources and tasks in an effective manner.
This helps in achievement of all goals and objectives.
Person culture: In this step emphasis is given on individual performance. Thus as a result
various methods and procedures are used so that they can easily be motivated and thus they can
give good results. All persons are directly responsible for enhancing or decreasing the sales of
company. Thus they can easily accomplish their goals (Cojocaru, 2012).
David and company can adopt the person culture so that all persons are motivated and thus they
can perform better. Through thus they can give good results and hence they can easily achieve
objectives.
Impact of culture: Organization can easily adopt the person culture so that they can easily
motivate all person through various techniques and methods. Thus as a result they can easily
accomplish the objectives. Top managers and members properly and effectively communicate
with all staff members so that they can easily solve all issues and problem of all workers. This
results in improving the performance of all staff members. Thus they can give superior results.
This helps in enhancing the level of productivity and thus David and company can earn more
revenues and they can easily enhance the market share. Hence as a result firm can give strong
competition to other companies and they can maintain good position in front of all users.
Hofstede’s dimensions of culture: Hofstede carry out a study to examine how values in
organisation are affected by the culture. Model of Hofstede of national culture consists six
dimensions which are given as follows:
 PDI (Power distance index): This dimension of culture model reflects the degree to less
power people of society accepts distribution of power in unequal manner. Individuals in
society demonstrating large degree of power accept hierarchical order of power. On the
other hand, in societies with low power distance people try to equalise the distribution of
power.
 Individualism versus collectivism (IDV): individualism can be defined as a framework
in which an individual take care of only themselves and their family members. Opposite
of this, collectivism represents preferences in which individuals can expect form others.
 MAS (Masculinity versus femininity): This dimension reflect distribution of
responsibilities between men and women. masculine societies individuals think that men
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are more productive as compare to women. Femininity define the preferences for
cooperation and care for the quality of life.
 Uncertainty Avoidance index (UAI): This is another dimension of culture model and this
reflect how individuals deal with anxiety. People with lower UAI always remain
openness to change and innovation on the other hand individuals with high UAI doe
efforts to make their life comfortable and controllable as possible.
 Pragmatic versus Normative: Under this dimension, normative individuals focus to
known the answer of why while pragmatic individuals examine to identify truth.
 Indulgence verses restraint (IVR): This dimension reflect countries with high IVR
believe to enjoy their life and have fun and opposite of this people with lower IVR focus
more on rules and regulations.
Impact of power: Human resource manager has again redesign structure so that staff
members can give good results. Manager have a unique distinct power and thus they can
organize various motivational seminars and programmes so that they motivate all workers and
this can directly improve the performance of all staff members. Organization can choose less
power in which manager and staff members are treated equally. Thus it reduce the issues and
problems created by various laws and regulations.
They an follow a hierarchical structure so that there are no inequalities and thus staff
members can easily perform in an effective and efficient manner.
Company do not follow the rules and regulations of individualism and thus they can
create a distinct and unique power. Thus as a result they can easily perform better and can give
good results. Through this firm can improve the performance and thus they can mai8antain
unique position in the industry and in minds of all people (Acontrafatto and Burns, 2013).
Impact of politics: In this step there is different political system which is followed in the
company. There can be trust and cooperation in the team. Through this all activities and
operations in the department can run smoothly. Thus staff members can coordinate with all staff
members and they can perform in an effective and efficient manner. Staff members of top
management can motivate all other workers and thus they can perform better with the full
efficiency. Hence there can be nob bad politics in the company. It directly leads to enhancing of
productivity and thus firm can achieve their goals. Thus as a result they can easily maintain good
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image in minds of all people and they can maintain good relationship with all users. Thus it
become very popular in many nations.
TASK 2
P.2 Impact of motivational theories on company
Content and process theories of motivation
Various theories are used by management so that they can motivate all staff members.
Through this they can directly motivate all staff members and they can increase the zeal and
enthusiasm level of all staff members (Edgley-Pyshorn and Huisman, 2011). This can be done
through various theories and methods. It includes various factors which helps in giving proper
and effective direction to all staff members. Maslow's hierarchy theory has 5 needs and they can
motivate all staff members. Maslow's theory used by David and company is described below:
 Physiological needs: This need fulfils basic needs of all persons. It incudes shelter, food
and clothing which can satisfy all people.
 Safety: It directly protects staff members from any accidents and hazardous materials
which are used in the company. Thus it provides financial security and job security to all
persons.
 Social needs: It helps in fulfilment of all social needs of all persons. Thus they can
develop trust, cooperation among the staff members in company.
 Esteem needs: In this step company provides dignity and self respect to all staff
members. Thus as a result they can easily perform properly and can give best outcomes.
 Self actualization needs: In this step there can be recognition of the self respect and all
capabilities of all people. This leads to growth and success of all persons (Georgalis,
Samaratunge and Lu, 2011)..
Herzberg theory -
 It is a two factor motivational theory given by Frederick Henzberg which state
that there are some job factors that provides job satisfactions and some factors that
represents dissatisfaction. Herzberg classified these factors into two categories that are
Hygiene factor and motivational factors. Hygiene factor includes those elements that are
required to be present at workplace for existence of motivation (Hamer and Collinson,
2014). These factors symbolize the physiological needs which an individual expected to
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be fulfilled such as pay, fringe benefits, physical working condition etc. Another category
is motivational factors that motivate employees for better performance, which is also
known as satisfier. It symbolizes psychological need with adittional benefit like
recognition, sense of achievement, growth and promotion. This theory help the
employees of David & Company to enhance their performance level and it help in
developing postive environment within the organisation.
 Process theories:- These are the theories that provides various techniques to motivate
individuals and describes the methods that can be used to develop an positive attitude
among them. These factors fulfil needs of a person and provide motivation to accomplish
those needs. They are of two types-
 Vroom expectancy theory- This theory was proposed in 1964 which state that peoples
must be motivated to certain level to achieve desired result. Use of positive motivations
help the individual in achieving better result and development in an individuals. This
theory provides various techniques to David & company that help in motivating
employees and to derive expected result that a company want. It is of 3 types-
Valence:- David & company provides reward to employees such as financial benefits and
promotions over there better performance. It help in motivating and encouraging employees to
work more efficiently.
Expectancy theory:- Company take cares of their employees by fulfilling all the expectations and
provide training and other resources to motivate them (Harper, Randall and Rouncefield, 2011)..
Instrumentality:- Management of David & company fulfils all the promises given to their
employees and tries to fulfil their needs.
 Organisation has to regenerate culture and HR manager ensures that all the employees
working in company can give their best. David & company uses various positive
techniques to motive their employees to achieve their objectives and give best results.
 Locke's goal setting theory:- This theory contains several methods that can be used by
organisation to achieve their objectives successfully. All the employees are provided with
plan and their schedule which shows task to be performed within specified time and
employees are rewarded if task is achieved by them (Malcolm and Scott, 2011).. In David
& company the performance of employees are analysed periodically to suggest
improvement so that they can bring efficiency.
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(b) Impact of motivational theory used by David & company
Individuals working in David & company having lots of expectation from the company.
Abraham Maslow in his theory state that esteem need act as great motivational factor for
employees. There are many problem that affect the performance of the workers so employees
must be provided with some factors to motivate them and develop an sense of job satisfaction as
explained by Henzberg in his theory. In Vroom motivation the positive factor to motivate
employees is rewards and availability of other resources that fulfil their needs. Thus all these
factor encourage employees to achieve objectives (Newman, 2012)..
(c) Impact of improved motivation levels to achieve organisational goals
There are several motivational level of motivation. In Maslow Theory, there are five
levels of needs that are presented in pyramid structure. The lowest levels of pyramid contains
most basic needs and while the complex needs are in the top of pyramid. By fulfilling all the
needs such as physiological, esteem, social, safety and self actualization staff member are
motivated for the longer period of time. So, it leads to improvement in performance of
employees (Nordin, Deros and Wahab, 2015). Thus it leads to increase in productivity and
profits of David & company. This helps company by delivering good quality of product and
services with minimal wastage of resources and also provide worth to money. In Hertz berg
theory there are several factors that are motivational factors which leads to higher status to
employees. When staff members are highly motivated and they give positive result to
organisation and this results in increase in productivity. In vroom expectancy, employees get
motivated by providing them monetary and non monetary benefits to them and this results staff
member work more effectively and efficiently. These theories are very helpful in achieving set
objectives of organisation and increase in productivity and helps in profit maximisation.
Goals of David & company:
 First objective of organisation is to develop quality products so that more number of
people attracted and buy that particular product and services (Rahman, 2012).
 Another goal of David &company is offer a product on affordable price this results in
increase in sale of company and more and more consumer induce to buy the products and
services.
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TASK 4
P3 State what makes a team effective as opposed to an ineffective team
Differences between team and groups
Basis Groups Teams
Definition A collection of persons who
perform various roles and do
different efforts to complete a
specific task or attain set
predetermined goals in known
as group.
A groups of people who have
collective identity joined to
accomplish a goal is known as
team.
Leadership Group has only one leader. On the other hand, a team can
have more than one leader.
Focus Main focus of a groups
remains to accomplish
individual’s goals.
While, all efforts are done by
members of teams to complete
team goals.
Accountability Every individual remain
accountable for their owne
actions and performance.
Every members of team
remain accountable for the
actions perform by team.
Different type of organisational teams
In team there are various people who together works and can perform better. Thus as a result
they can easily achieve their goals and objectives. Various types of teams in David and company
are:
 Problem solving: In this team all issues and conflicts can get solved by various experts.
Biggest advantage is that it can directly reduce the conflicts and issues in the company.
Thus proper training seminars are organized so that they can provide training to all
persons. This also results in maintaining peaceful and positive environment in the
company. Thus they can easily increase productivity in the company. Hence firm can
easily enhance the revenues.
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 Functional team: In this team firm is divided into many functions. Thus as a result all
staff members can easily perform all activities and functions in effective manner. This
also helps in maintaining proper coordination and cooperation among all employees in
company. It helps in reducing the issues and chaos in company. Through this all staff
members can work in an effective and efficient manner. Thus objectives and goals can be
achieved in minimum time (Pollack, Costello and Sankaran, 2013).
 Project team: This team is particular team so that they can easily complete a particular
project. Thus there are various talented staff members so that they can complete a project.
For example there is a project report on related to finance operations. Thus as a result
they can easily accomplish the objectives. Thus firm can easily accomplish their
objectives. Hence firm can easily earn more revenues and thus they can easily enhance
market share.
 Virtual team: In this team all problems and issues can be solved through use of online
techniques and tools. Thus as a result they can easily accomplish the objectives and firm
can earn more revenues (Reissner, 2011). They can provide many services through
online applications. Hence they can easily solve all issues and conflicts of all workers.
Thus as a result they can easily give solution to all issues and problems. Thus company
can earn more revenues and it can maintain good image in industry and in minds of all
people.
 Belbin's team roles
This model helps in developing the balance among the team. David & company can can
adopt this model and provide various duties to all team members according to below methods:
 Action oriented:
Shaper: They are extroverts and having good communication skills. Shaper have positive mental
attitude and they try to find out the suitable way to solve the problem facing by them.
Implementer: Role of implementer is convert the team's idea and thoughts into actual action.
Completer: The role of this team member is to detect errors and omission and drives to ensure
that team adheres to deadlines.
People oriented
 Coordinator: The role of this team member is to guides the activities of teams to what
they identify to be the team's responsibility.
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 Team worker: They helps in solve all the grievances and conflicts among the team
members which affects team dynamics.
 Resource investigator: The role of these members is to get information from others and
also a quick thinker.
Thought oriented:
Plant: Role of plant is they are innovator member of team and having idea of how to solve the
problem face by the team.
Monitor-evaluator: Serious minded and critical thinker in the nature and very slow in decision
making process (Waddell, 2011).
Specialist: They have expert knowledge in a particular area. There priority of specialist is to hold
on their professional status.
Team development model of Tuckman Forming: This is the first stage in which leader of team play a big role because team
members remain unaware and unclear about their roles and responsibilities. As all people
start working together they do efforts to known each other. Storming: This is the next stage in which all team members start performs their roles to
achieve the set objective. Norming: This is the stage in which all team members start resolve their differences and
start appreciate each other strengths. Now every team member I able to do help of others
and every team member develop s strong commitment to achieve team goal. Performing: Team reaches to the performing stage in which every team member work
hard to achieve team goal. Leader delegate work among team members and focus to
develop skills of team members. Adjourning: Many teams reach to this stage eventually. So many teams are there who
exist to complete a specific project.
P4 Philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour
Path Goal Theory: This theory focuses on detailing specific style and behaviour of a leader that
best fits as per the present working environment. According to this theory, the behaviour or
performance of an individual is depend upon the expectation of respective task (Path-Goal
Leadership Theory, 2015). Leaders of A David & Co. needs to examine the behaviour of
employees and then guide them accordingly. It include three main steps:
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