Organisational Behaviour Report: Waitrose & Partners Impact Analysis

This report provides a detailed analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the British supermarket chain Waitrose & Partners. The introduction establishes the significance of organisational behaviour in understanding and influencing employee conduct to achieve common organizational goals. Task 1 assesses the impact of organisational culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance, highlighting the importance of a positive work environment and the influence of different types of power. Task 2 explores content and process theories of motivation, discussing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and the application of motivational techniques. Task 3 examines the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams, emphasizing the importance of teamwork. Task 4 applies these concepts and philosophies within the organisational context of Waitrose, providing insights for managers in addressing workplace situations and improving employee performance and productivity. The report concludes with a review of the key findings and recommendations for fostering a productive and positive work environment.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Assessment of organisational culture, power and politics on performance or behaviour of
individual or team. .....................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals...................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team............6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of OB within an organisational context and a given business
situation.......................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational Behaviour is a set of various activities, which helps the management team
of the company in understanding behaviour of employees. With the help of this, company can
improve employee’s efficiency by predicting and controlling human resources working for a
common organisational goal (Ullah and et.al., 2017). Organisational behaviour is concerned with
understanding, controlling and directing behaviour of employees of an organisation. The current
project is based on Waitrose & Partners, it is a British Supermarket chain which provide food
products. Its headquarter is located in Bracknell, England and about 353 stores across United
Kingdom. Along with this company export its products in approximately 52 countries. This
report provide detailed information about how companies productivity and performance get
influenced by politics, power and culture. Along with this, further discussion is included about
different theories and techniques of motivation, which will help management team of the
company in influencing and motivating employees, so that they can perform in an effective
manner. In addition to this, effective and ineffective team with their roles while cooperating with
other employees at workplace has also been discussed. At the end of this project, organisational
behaviour concept and philosophies will be discussed, as a result it will help managers while
dealing in various situation which happen at workplace.
TASK 1
P1 Assessment of organisational culture, power and politics on performance or behaviour of
individual or team.
Organisational behaviour is a study about how an individual act within an organisational
premise. Main aim of organisational behaviour is to analyse and understand the actual behaviour
of staff members. So that, manager can motivate or direct them according to the requirements
and needs of a company (Illien, Golestanian and Sen, 2017). Waitrose & Partners is a Super
chain market which is supplying their food products within UK. Human Resource manager of
the present company realise that each and every employee is not performing their task
effectively. In this regard, manager of the enterprise planned to improve organisational culture in
order to enhance performance of workers. Performance of individual or group can be influence
by culture, power and politics within an organisation are as follows:
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Culture: Combination of different assumptions, beliefs and values of an organisation
which influence behaviour of individual and team members. Organisational culture can
positively as well as negatively affect performance of a company. In context to Waitrose &
Partners, main focus of human resource manager is to develop a positive and secure working
culture. As a result employees could work in an effective manner. With the help of positive
working environment, employees turnover ratio reduces and motivate them to perform in an
effective manner (De Braaf and et.al., 2017). Also it has been analysed that there are various
kind of culture which effects the performance of an individual as well as team. Some of the main
types of culture are as follows: Role culture: Under this type of culture, each and every employee is clear about their
roles and responsibilities, which will aid them in performing their task in an effective
way. In context to Waitrose & Partners HR manager assign task to their employees
according to their skills and capabilities (Hollman, 2018). As a result, performance of
employees along with organisational performance will be enhance and help the company
in accomplishing its goals.
 Person culture: This type of culture mainly focusses on employees of an organisation.
With reference to Waitrose & Partners, HR manager of the company conducts training
and development session on a regular basis which aid the employees in developing their
skills, knowledge and capabilities. As a result, it can be said that continuous up gradation
of knowledge improves the productivity as well as efficiency of employees at workplace.
Power: Power is the ability of a person or individual with the help of which they can
easily influences other employees in an organisation. In context to Waitrose & Partners, majority
of power is owned by the top management team of the company. Along with this HR manager of
a company mainly uses different types of power. Some of these power are as follow: Reward power: This power is commonly used by Waitrose & Partners manager for
influencing employees interest by giving them monetary benefits in order to work
effectively (van Raaij, 2016). Also it can be said that employees get motivated by
monetary benefits and perform their task in an effective manner so that they gain higher
rewards in return. It is a positive kind of power which helps in increasing companies
productivity in an effectively.
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 Coercive power: This power is used to force employees to work without their will in
order to achieve organisational goal and objective. Coercive power is a negative type of
power as it demotivate staff members of the company as manager of the company force
them to work without their interest. In reference to Waitrose & Partners & Partners &
Partners, it is said that top management of the company should avoid such power as staff
members might oppose their decision and wants to quit the company.
Politics: Politics refers to interaction between individuals at workplace which includes
power and authority. It mainly refers to a negative element in an organisation which develops
issues and conflicts, as a result it negatively effects the overall performance and productivity of
employees. Also it has been analysed that each and every employee indulge in politics directly or
indirectly for achieving the organisational goal and objective. In context to Waitrose & Partners,
it has been evaluated that politics influence productivity and performance of employees in a
negative manner (Wiid and Mora‐Avila, 2018). Some of the factors which will negatively
influence the organisational goal are as follows: Enhances the stress level among employees: Politics within Waitrose & Partners create
jealousy among staff members, which as a result builds stress within working
environment. Performance of an individual gets affected by excessive stress at
workplace. As a result, accomplishment of goals and objectives of the company get
delayed. Decline in productivity: Most important negative influence Waitrose & Partners face due
to politics is that productivity of employees reduces. Reason behind this is employees
feels distraction due to unnecessary conflicts, which do not allow them to concentrate
towards their task. As a result, it ultimately reduces performance and productivity and
also influences work quality.
As per the above organisational culture, power and structure, it has been analysed that all
of these influence the performance and productivity of employees (Wellin, 2016). On the basis of
above analysis, it has been said that manager of Waitrose & Partners is required to create
positive working culture at workplace. In addition to this, it is necessary for HR manager to
utilize reward power in order to motivate and influence employees of the company.
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TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals
Motivation is driving force that affects choice of alternatives within behaviour of
individual. It improves, stimulates as well as induces staff members leading to goals oriented
behaviour (Peršič, Markič and Peršič, 2018). In simple term, motivation is the procedure through
which employees get encouraged as well as contribute for achieving goals and objectives of
business in effective manner. Along with this it is key element which play important role in
employee’s retention as well as also in profit maximisation. Strong and positive motivation result
in increasing personnel output whereas, no motivation result in decreasing individual
performance level or they will get dissatisfied. There are several methods through which
individual get motivated such as incentives, promotions, rewards, good working condition and
many more. Waitrose & Partners & Partners also use motivation tool for encouraging there staff
members. Below mention are two types of motivation which utilise by respective organisation
are as follows :- Intrinsic Motivation – It refers to the behaviour which is driven through internal rewards.
In simple words, intrinsic motivation is an act of being motivated by internal factors for
performing particular activity or behaviour. This involve all the biological drivers such as
relief, thirst, sleep, need of oxygen, thirst and many other.
 Extrinsic Motivation – In it motivation directly originated from outside the human body
through rewards as per the promises made in advance for specific activity (Rieder and
et.al., 2016). Extrinsic motivation is gained in monetary and non-monetary form such as
incentives, praise, competition, threat of punishment etc.
Apart from this, there are some theories also of motivation that will help manager of
Waitrose & Partners in motivating or encouraging their staff members. These theories are
classified within two parts i.e., Content and process explanation of these are as follows :-
Content Theory – It is type of motivation theory that mainly focus on internal factors of
organisation. Maslow hierarchy need is content theory which stand for individual who does not
feel higher need till their requirement get fulfilled as well as satisfied (Maslow Theory of
Motivation, 2019). It is five tier model of human needs that involve physiological, safety, love
and belonging, esteem and self-actualization, deep explanation of the same are as follows :-
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 Physiological Needs – These are basic requirement which deals with the maintenance of
human body. It is the lowest category needs required for survival such as water, air,
food, sleep and so on. Maslow says that physiological needs are most instinctive because
every need become secondary until they are not fulfilled. If basic need of individual will
fulfil then it result in job satisfaction and employee of Waitrose & partners will do work
more effectively that result in accomplishing goals and objectives of company. Safety and security needs – It is related to keeping an individual safe from any type of
harmful activity (O’Dwyer, Nguyen and Churchill, 2017). There are several factors
included in it such as safe environment, job security and health. When basic requirement
of employees working Waitrose & Partners will be fulfilled they turn for gaining safety
needs. So they can prevent lives from any type of physical and emotional harm. Social needs – It include the needs for affection, love, belongings, care, friendship and so
on. Social needs get fulfilled by pleasing as well as fulfilling relationship with other
peoples. An individual get satisfied their basic psychological as well as security needs,
then desire relationship so their requirement for love and belongings can be fulfilled.
Waitrose & partners are offering friendly environment to their employees then it will help
in motivating employees and they will feel free while their idea and thoughts. Esteem needs – More basic needs get satisfied, then for individual esteem needs are
important. It involves respect, achievements, confidence, recognition, self-esteem,
accomplishment and so on. These are needed for increasing satisfaction level and morale
of personnel working within Waitrose & Partners. Respective organisation have to give
rewards to employee’s at their achievements, accomplishment of any project which
motive them as well as they give more efforts for doing any work.
 Self - actualisation needs - It is the final stage of respective model as well as desires a
particular person have for self fulfilment and developing to their full potential. Self -
actualisation involve self - fulfilment, pursue talent, personal growth, realizing personal
potential, creativity and so on. If all these need of staff members working in Waitrose &
partner will be fulfilled then they will get motivated or encourage to do work more
effectively.
Process Theory – This theory is related to psychological and behaviour processes that
motivate human being to behave in specific manner related to the process theory of motivation.
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Along with this (Memon and et.al., 2018). Efforts of particular person, motivation and
performance are related to each other. Vroom motivation theory is utilise by the manager of
Waitrose & Partners for motivating their staff members description are as follows :-
 Expectancy: According to Vroom theory expectancy belief increasing efforts result in
the enhancing performance level of employees. Expectancy can be fulfilled only when
their right resources are available, skills required for doing job and essential support.
Personnel’s believes that efforts made by them aids in getting better outcomes which
motivate them to do work in more effective manner and help in gaining growth by
business. In context of Waitrose & Partners & Partners, manager have to identify skills
and knowledge of their employees so that required training and development sessions
can be provided. Because it will result in increasing confidence level as well as
accomplish goals and objectives in efficacious way.
 Instrumentality: Staff members of Waitrose & Partners do work in effective manner by
thinking that their performance will help in gaining rewards that will motivate in
performing effectively and result in increasing productivity. Personnel have to trust on
company for feeling motivated as well as confident. In addition to this, manager of
Waitrose & Partners should offer some rewards to their employees according to their
work or when they meet standard level (Mehta, 2018). These can be in monetary and
non-monetary form such as increasing pay, bonus, promotion, holiday package, praise
and many more. Moreover, manager should be loyal towards their employees and goals
to them clearly for reducing conflict or confusions.
 Valence: It is the last step of respective theory in which employees wish for appraisal as
per the performance in the form of a day off, bonus, extra pays, holiday packages and so
on. Thus, firm have to be good in identifying values as well as need of their employees
and provide them appropriate benefits.
TASK 3
P3 Understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective team
Team is group of people who all work together for accomplishing common goals. It is
important that comprising a team ideally have common objectives and goals they have to
achieve. Along with this, particular person who don't have compatible skills cannot work within
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a team. It is duty of Waitrose & partner’s manager to form team in effective manner by
combining skills and knowledge of each staff member's. So that, team form in effective manner
and result in accomplishing goals and objective of business. There are various type of team in
Waitrose & partners who perform different activities for accomplishing goals and objectives in
effective manner (Types of Teams, 2019). Explanation of these are as follows :- Functional team – It is permanent team and involve members of same division but have
distinct responsibilities. There is manager within functional team of Waitrose & partner
who is liable for everything done and every group member have to report him/her. Virtual team – It include staff members of waitrose & partners who are working at
different location and they contact with each other through communication as well as
collaboration tools for getting things done together. Project team – It is group of staff members who do work collectively and share goals as
well as strategies (McSherry and Pearce, 2018). Within Waitrose & partners Project team
structure work in measurable, specific and time constrained manner. This team play
important role in assigning clear responsibility to every employ of respective organisation
with specific deadline of its completion.
 Problem solving team – In business environment sometimes problem arise which require
solution at that time team is design. Thus, it is not permanent team formed by the
manager of waitrose & partners according to the requirement (McDermott And et.al.,
2015). As well, modification sometime result in creating problem for Waitrose & partners
that require proper solution which is given by problem solving team.
Apart from this, organisation have both type of team effective and ineffective. They are
distinct from each other in several manner description of these are as follows:-
BASIS EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
Goals
Goals should be clear and
must be shared with
everyone. Within, effective
team every member have
clear knowledge about goals.
On the other hand, within
ineffective team goals are not
clear with everyone which
result in difficult while
planning.
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Communication
Communication which is
important aspect and have to
be done in team for proper
working (Kundu and Roy,
2016). In effective team
communication always take
place in two way which is
necessary for transferring
information and data in
proper manner.
Ineffective team have one way
communication in which ideas
and thoughts of team members
are not involved. They have to
follow order given by higher
authority.
Decision-making
Within effective team each
and every member have
authority of taking part in
decision making process and
they can share own ideas or
thoughts.
For ineffective team decisions
are taken by higher authority
and team members have to
follow it (Falck, Davis and
Liu-Ambrose, 2017).
Member contribution
In effective team, every
member take participation
within activity conducted.
In ineffective team, there is no
contribution of every member
because they are inactive.
From above discussion it has been identified that, Waitrose & Partner have to form an
effective team for conducting activities in effective manner. Along with this, an effective team
help in achieving goals and objective of business as well as result in business growth.
Tuckman model of team – Model of team building is framed by Bruce Tuckman in
1965. according to Tuckman team building model team are developed for accomplishing some
specific goals (Kok and et.al., 2016). Same team building model help Waitrose & Partner in
coordinating, monitoring as well as managing every activity of team in effectual manner.
Respective model have four stages of team building description of these are as follows :-
 Forming - It is first stage of team building model in this team members assemble and
task are assigned to everyone. With forming, each and every human should behave
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individually as they are unknown for arch other. So, in this stage every member will get
introduced with each other and share basic information which is necessary for daily basis
communication. Basic data include name and department in which working because this
will be enough for creating friendly working environment. Manager of Waitrose &
partner have to create such activity for effective working of team.
 Storming - Second stage start when conflicts rise within team members due to their
working style. Everyone have their different working style which result in cause of
unforeseen issues and employees get frustrated (Fraschini and et.al., 2016). At that time
storming take place for team to start sort itself out as well as gain trust of each other’s.
 Norming - In norming stage, people solve these issues or difference between them,
appreciate each other for good working or strength. This is important for building
supportive working environment as well as team members now know each other in better
manner. Along with this, they may get socialized together as well as help each other or
provide feedback on working which is necessary. They all work together and develop
strong commitment for team goals and see good progress for accomplishing it.
 Performing - In performing stage, team member have to focus on accomplishing goals
and objectives while working in group (Connolly and Dolan, 2017). So that, members of
team work in effectual manner and continue work for progress for keeping fruitfulness of
group. In addition to this, team can function in good manner and able to take decision
independently without any discussion with team leader.
 Adjourning – In the last stage of team building, members of team are moving within
various location when they completed their project. Although, mangers of Waitrose &
Partners have to ensure that team designed is perspective in nature and wellbeing in
completion of project within required time period.
Team building is the activity done by Human resource department of the organisation in
the Tuckman theory of team development help HR manager of Waitrose in building effectual
team.
Belbin Team Role Model Management – This model is designed for using the talents
and personalities of team members. For improving performance of Waitrose employees it is
necessary to implement Belbin team role management model. It involve nine team role
explanation of these are as follows :-
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