Organisational Behaviour: Impact of Culture, Politics, and Power

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour, specifically focusing on A.M. Holding Ltd. It explores the impact of organisational culture, power dynamics, and political influences on both individual and team performance. The report delves into various motivational theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, evaluating their application in an organisational context. Furthermore, it examines the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams, alongside relevant team and group development theories. The study also applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within the given business scenario of A.M. Holding Ltd, offering critical evaluations of the relationships between culture, politics, power, and motivation. The report concludes with a synthesis of the key findings and their implications for organisational effectiveness.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1.Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................3
M1. analyse how the culture, politics of an organisation can influence and power individual
and team behaviour and performance.........................................................................................5
P2.Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context...........................................5
M2. Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.....................................9
D1. Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that
enables teams and organisations.................................................................................................9
P3.Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................9
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation.................................................................................................................11
P4.Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and a given business situation......................................................................................11
Situational resistance theory.....................................................................................................11
Socio capital theory...................................................................................................................12
Contingency theory...................................................................................................................12
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way.........................................................................12
D2.Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in context of
organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies................................................................13
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour helps in study the employees behaviour with in the
organisation. Organisational behaviour helps of study the complex nature of human behaviour
in organisation. The present study is based on the organisational structure of A.M. Holding Ltd.
The present study will help in understanding the influence of organisational culture power and
politics on team performance. Further, different content and process theories of motivation are
discussed in the report. The report will also discussed about characteristics of effective and
ineffective team. The present report will discuss different concepts and philosophies of
organisational behaviour in A.M. Holding Ltd.
P1.Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
Every organisation has set guidelines for employees that they have to follow, it sets the
culture of organisation and a healthy workplace for employees to work. Power and politics also
are a major aspect of an organisation that can influence the performance and productivity of a
company (Huczynski, Buchanan and Huczynski, 2013). The culture, power and politics may
have an positive as well as negative impact on the employees and team performance. The
influence of organisational culture, power and politics in A.M. Holding on the employees
performance and tea productivity are as follows:
Culture:
Every organisation has certain rules and regulation guidelines which helps it to du=iffer
from other organisation. The principles and beliefs of an organisation helps in forming a culture
of A.M Holding Ltd. This culture helps in deciding the way in which the employees are
interacting with each other and with an external party of business (Tarrow, 2011). Charles Handy
has defines a model which states the cultural behaviour in organisation. According to the handy
's cultural model, an organisation has performed a four type of culture which is power , task, role
and persons culture.
 Power culture defines when certain power remains with few people and they are
authorised to take decisions. They delegates certain responsibility to other
employees. When employees have to strictly follow the instruction it influence

their performance as they don't have any liberty to express their opinion or idea. A
manager can be partial which will affect the performance of overall team as well.
 Task culture can be defines as team is formed in an organisation for a specialized
task and project (Owen, 2013). In task culture all the team member works to
achieve a specific goal and common target. Every team member are supposed to
contribute equally and all the members should be treated equally. Working in a
team will help in achieving target more efficiently and help in increase the
performance of employee.
 The organisation that follows person culture, the employees sees themselves
ahead of the organisation. The employees just work for themselves and not for
company. It will affect the performance of organisation as the employees work to
accomplished their personal goal, not an organisational goals.
 Lastly, the organisation which follows a role culture define where each employees
are delegated some responsibility based on their specialization and educational
qualification. It helps to motivate the employees to fulfil their responsibility more
efficiently that helps in increasing their performance.
Power:
In A. M. Holding Ltd some people are authorised by some specific power over other
employees. They get specific power based on their performance, qualification etc. they have
authority in a team to take decisions and give responsibility to other employees or to other team
members (Nightingale, 2017). Power used positively can help in encouraging other employees to
enhance their productivity which will help in increasing the overall performance of team. When
employee use their power positively it helps it to motivate and build confidence in employees.
When the employees enjoying their power and authority and have no respect for the employees
under them will result in misusing the power in organisation. It result in forming negative
environment in workplace that affect the performance of employees. Negative use power can be
when employee started using punishment to get the job done, being biased for their favourite
employees. It leads to decrease in the quality of performance of employees and ultimately to the
team.

Politics:
Politics in an organisation refers to the process and behaviour in which employees
interaction with each other are influenced by the power and authority they have. It can also be
used by some employees to gain power and authority in organisation v. Politics involves a
process of conversation of power into action that is used to overcome conflicts and differences of
opinions. Politics in workplace is important and effective if used in an positive manner. It helps
in maintaining clear policies and chain of commands that helps the employees to spend their time
in work. On the other hand, if politics is used for the negative purpose it leads to create an
environment of conflict between employees, that leads to affect their performance. Negative
politics leads to encourage the unethical behaviour to get a head which leads the organisation to
suffer from less productivity.
M1. analyse how the culture, politics of an organisation can influence and power individual and
team behaviour and performance.
The culture, politics and power of A M Holding will impact the organisation to a greater
extent. The firm and the management of the organisation including leaders, managers and
employees have to work together in order to reduce the negative impact of power, politics and
culture on the organisation. Besides this, the firm has to see through the effective following of
the action plans and the strategies that are been set by the leaders and managers at the selected
firm to handle the business operations and the functional requirements of the A M Holdings.
This can be critically said that maintenance and balancing of culture, politics and power
top execute the business operations and thus will lead the overall performance of the organisation
it will improve the team behaviour, resolve any sort of conflicts and indifferences at the
workplace.
P2.Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
A motivated workforce helps in achieving highly productive staffs which helps to
achieve the organisational goals. There are different theories on motivation that will help A.m.
Holding Ltd to motivate their employees.
Content theories:

This theories focuses on the internal factors that are generally associated that helps in
determining what are the factors that will motivate the employees. Some of the content theories
of motivation are:
Maslow' s Hierarchy of Human Needs:
This motivational theories is concerned with the five physiological needs of an
employees that are comprises in a pyramid form. It based on an assumptions that human needs
are hierarchy of five needs (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 2018). Organisation should
understand which of the needs are most important for an employees and should motivate them
accordingly.
 Physiological needs are the needs that are required for the basic survival of a person such
as air, food, water, shelter. A manger can provide comfortable working condition,
appropriate working hour and provide basic salary to fulfil these requirement.
 There is a need of safety that requires the safety and security of their job, personal and
financial security. Company can plan to provide insurance to maintain the safety, secure
compensation and job security, which helps to overcome their safety need.
 Than comes a social need where employees expect a sense of of belongingness and
acceptance in company and in society (Wilson, 2018). A manager should make sure that
employees are interacting with each other by encouraging cooperative team work.
 Self esteem needs are the needs for self esteem and respect, in corporate world, self
esteem is an important factor which influenced the performance of an employee.
The ,manager should praise and offer recognition to an employee on his good work
(Woodcock, 2017). Offering promotion and more responsibility can also satisfy their self
esteem need.
 Self actualization need is the most important need, it is the need which an employee has
dreamt to achieve. Providing challenging job. Making them participate in decision
making process will help them to input their full potential.
Hierarchy needs theory is very effective in motivating employees, though it has both
advantage as well as disadvantage:
Advantage:

 this theory is very simple to understand and apply by the management.
 It is effective as it takes into human nature into account.
 It can be relevant in all each and every field.
Disadvantage:
 This theory assumes the same needs for all the employees, but not all the individuals
have the same needs.
 It is very difficult to measure the satisfaction level of needs for every individuals.
Herzberg' s Two Factor Theory:
This theory is also known as two factor theory, it states that there are two factors that an
organisation can fulfil to influence the motivation of employees in the workplace. There are
some factors in job which increase satisfaction where the are some factors that prevents from
dissatisfaction.
 Hygiene factors are those factors that are important to increase the motivational influence
at workplace (Harper, 2018). These do not motivate that much but they are essential for
short-term motivation. These factors are requires to to avoid dissatisfaction from job.
Hygiene factors are some basic needs which an employee expects to be fulfilled. It
includes,
◦ The pay or salary should be appropriate.
◦ The company policy like working hours, dressing code should be fair and clear.
◦ Proper health care plan and employee help programme should be there.
◦ The working environment should be hygienic and equipment should be well
maintained.
◦ There should be no conflict or humiliation, and employees relationship should be
healthy.
◦ The company should provide job security to the employees.
 Hygiene factors are basic factors they can not be treated as motivational factor, according
to the theory. The motivational factors are those which tends to increase the performance

level of employees (Crowther, 2018). This factors are satisfiers. Motivational factors
includes rewarding and recognition with the basic need of the employees. This includes:
◦ the manager should praise and recognise the employees on his good work.
◦ The employees should feel the achievement by performing a job, every job should
have some sort of reward when completing.
◦ The company should provide a growth and development opportunities to its
employees.
◦ The manager should give the employees some ownership of work. They should held
responsible for the work.
Advantage of Herzberg' s Two Factor Theory are:
 This theory based on focusing the motivation factors that came within the individuals.
 Using this theory assist the employer that motivating an employee is more than just
providing them salary.
Disadvantage of Herzberg' s Two Factor Theory: This theory is not directly related to job productivity and job satisfaction.
Process theories:
The process theory is the basic and behavioural process that motivates a person to act in
a particular way. There are several theories which can be used in A.M. Holding Ltd to create a
motivational workforce which will help in increasing the productivity helps in achieving the
business objectives (Stoyanov, 2017). and. Some of the process theories are:
Vroom's expectancy theory
This theory is based on the assumptions that employee's behaviour are results from the
choice among different alternatives whose purpose is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
As per this theory, employee's performance is based on the individuals factors such as
personality, skills, knowledge and abilities. According to this theory an employees performance,
efforts and motivation are linked to the person's motivation. The theory is based upon the
following belief:

 Valence refers to the importance of the expected outcomes or result by an employees. It
is the emotional orientations employees hold with references to the outcomes or reward
from this. A manager must discover what the value of the employees are.
 Employees may have different level of expectations with the work they are capable pof
doing. In this employees know that this job can be done by them easily or not. It is the
belief that helps in increasing their efforts (Herzberg, 2017). Management should plan
different training and development programme to increase their level of capability.
 Instrumentality can be defined as the perception of an employee of actually getting the
reward as promised by their manager or not. Management of company should ensure of
providing benefits to the employees as promised by the manager to employees.
Adam's Equity theory:
this theory is mainly focuses on general give and take concept. As per this theory with
every input and efforts that employees give in the company will expect the equal outcomes and
rewards. It assist in creating input-output ratio which can be compared to other's input-output
also. As per the theory, the perception of their employees are affected by the changing situation
off others in establishing their point of view of the fairness or equity in their working
Motivational techniques:
There are some techniques which are to be adopted by A.M. Holding Ltd to
motivate its employees:
 Intrinsic motivation: it the the factors that are driven by the internal rewards of the
employees. Each employees has a desire to perform a task or job, and works as
according to his own belief. Knowledge, accomplishment and stimulations are some
intrinsic motivators that helps in motivating an employee.
 Extrinsic motivation refers to the behaviour that is driven by the external factors sich as
money, frame, grades , praise and recognition According to this the desire to perform a
task are controlled buy the external source. It includes benefit packages, bonuses,
organised activities etc.

M2. Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
The proper application of the motivational and behavioural theories like Maslow hierarchy of
needs and Hertzberg Two vector model will help the firm to carry out the operations in much
effective and significant manner. Besides this, it will help the management of the selected firm to
take the suitable measures and operations to carry out the business activities and other vital
operations. Other than this, it will help the firm to motivate others to perform their business
operations and activities in more effective and significant manner. (Alshmemri, Shahwan-Akl
and Maude, 2017) This will help the firm to carry out the effective achievements in more
suitable manner.
These theories and models will help, the management of AM holdings to evaluate the
needs and requirements of their organisation and thus, it will help in proper planning of services.
This will help in drafting suitable policies and principles that are been carried out at the work
place to engage and involve employees and improve their performance.
D1. Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that
enables teams and organisations.
The culture politics and power are deeply interrelated with the teams and organization.
This can be said that the recommendatory measures like resolving the conflict and equal
treatment will help in improving the relationship at the firm. The organisational culture, politics
and power will help in proper planning of services that will help in meeting the functional
requirements of the organisation. This will facilitate a good team bonding and improves the
organisation's performance.
P3.Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
In an organisation, a team is made up of two or more employees in a group which are to
to performed a particular task or job (Maduka, and et.al., 2018). They have to work together for
the achievement of a common goal. A team is performed under a supervision and follows a chain
of command which are much more inclusive approach to business organisation. The team can be
effective and ineffective which are based on the productivity and working of the individual team
members.
Effective team can lead to increased employee motivation and business productivity.
Effective team has a clear goals that each team member has to work to achieve. All the team

members are focused towards their work. Effective communication leads to make a team more
effective, members are free to give their opinion and ideas freely.
An ineffective team is where there are no unity amongst team member, causing a
negative reaction in an team is sign of having ineffective team. Team are often being ineffective
when they suffer lack of purpose. Even though they know the specific goals, their is noo
particular target to be achieved (Baumhof, and et.al., 2017). The team has no communication,
often have conflict regarding opinion, ideas amongst each other. Team members are pointing
errors or weaknesses rather than learning. It create an atmosphere of negativity which results in
decreasing the productivity of overall team.
In A.M. Holding Ltd, it is important to develop an effective team so that business goals
can be achieved effectively. Following are some of the team development theory which helps in
effective team development:
Tuck-man's theory:
This theory helps in focusing on the process through which a team can handle a task
from formation of the team to the completion of the task.. this theory is relevant to the challenges
that a team faces during its development process. Following are the process involved in team
development:
 Forming: in this stage the team is being formed and task is given to them. In this stage the
time is spent in planning, collecting information and bonding.
 Storming: the team starts to address the task In this stage by communicating different
ideas (Forming - Storming - Norming – Performing , 2018). If proper communication
was missing this stage can be destructive. On a positive note, this is the stage where
relationship between employees built and make stronger. In this stage the team requires a
strong leadership.
 Norming: in this stager the teammate start working under the norms and rules set by the
company. The individual team members start trusting themselves and start to contribute
to other team members also. There is risk in this stage is that the team can loose their
creativity power.

 Performing: the team will reach to this phase who has high level of performance. The
performing team are identified as high level of independence, motivation, knowledge and
competence.
 Adjourning and transforming: this is the final stage according to the theory, it is the end
of the project and breakup of the team. After completing the motive for which the team
was build, it will be break up and employees will move on for their further task.
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation.
The various group and team development theories that are been discussed above will help
the selected firm to undertake the business operations and thus will help the firm to build an
effective and efficient team that will help the firm to manage the business operations and
activities in much suitable and effective manner. This will help the organisation to improve its
operational functionality and thus will lead to the proper management of the business operations.
It will also help in setting an effective and suitable operations to enhance the team bonding at
selected firm. The team or group development theories like Tuckmen's model will help in
improving the sells and thus help in meeting the operations that are been carried out at the
organisation. It also assists in setting up of corporation and coordination among the employees of
AM holdings. The suitable team building will lead to efficient working and rise in overall
productivity of the organisation in most effective and suitable manner.
P4.Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and a given business situation.
Path-goal theory
The path goal model is replicated as theory on basis of specifying style or behaviours of
leader which is best fit to work environment and employee for accomplishing objectives of
business entity. This theory could be best to A.M.A holdings as an thought of process where
leaders could select appropriate behaviours which is best suited for needs of employees along
with working environment. It will be best proper guide to its employees via path for attaining for
regular work activities. It has function of leaders for assisting employees in attaining goals for
giving support and direction for ensuring individual goals which are compatible to A.M.A
holding's goals (Path goal theory, 2018).

Situational resistance theory
This theory doesn't recommends any individual leadership style. It is highly depending on
situations along with types of leadership and strategies which are best suited to the task. As per
this theory, effective leaders had gained capability for adapting their style on basis of situation
and cues like type of particular task, group's nature and factors which are directly contributing to
perform the job. In the similar aspect situational resistance in A.M.A Holding will get
application for membership entity to respond on requirements of its members. Hence, the
modern democratic state will respond to its need of citizens as an example and another example
could state in ecosystem.
Socio capital theory
The socio capital theory comprises three dimensions for social capital and they are
categorised in structural, relational and cognitive. With context of structural dimension, it has
stressed network configuration and has portrayed overall pattern of associations. On basis of this
view, the dimensions are improved with access on other quick actors and it has enhanced via
numerous flexible structure.
With context of cognitive, it is elaborated as resources developed via interpretations,
vision and feelings. On basis of A.M.A holding social capital has need OS cooperation with
demand of collaborative behaviour. Further, next dimension is relational which lays special
emphasis on importance of relationship and arguments with context of obligations, reciprocity
and determination which would develop organizational assets of A.M.A Holdings. In the
aggregate, this strategy will highlight critical function of relation with external actors and has
enhanced social interactions along with business environment for accomplishing organizational
objectives in the future (Social capital theory, 2018).
Contingency theory
This theory is closely associated to situational approach which is replicated as
contingency theory. It is theory of leadership which was directly proposed as laid special
emphasis on importance of personality of leadership and situation where it is operating. In this
theory it consists of task and relationship motivated style of leadership. Task is replicated as
accomplishment and relationship motivation is known as interpersonal relationships. It is middle
in concept of contingency theory with three important features such as leader member relations,

task structure along with power of position. With context of A.M. A Holding these specific
factor will be used for determining favourableness of different situations.
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour
in both a positive and negative way.
The various concepts and approaches of OB that are been discussed above and are placed
within the firm will lead the organisation to handle the business operations to a greater extent.
Other than this, the philosophies and the action plans that are ben undertaken by the organisation.
The theories like path goal, contingency etc will help the organisation in both positive and
negative manner, depending on the work environment and the extent of operations performed.
Different concepts and philosophies of the organisation will help in improving the overall
performance and setting up of suitable behaviour that drives the significant improvement in
performance of the organisation. It also leads to carrying out of business operation's and meeting
organisational goals. The setting up of these concepts will improve the positive impact on
performance of organisation and reduce negative factors.
D2.Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in context of
organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies
The team development theories that are ben taken in the consideration like path goal etc will help
the organization to have a development of a better behaviour and thus will lead to the rise in the
bonding of the employees at the firm. The team development theories like Tuckmen's model and
social capital theory will aids to improve the organisational behaviour of employee. It
encourages them to run their operations with ease and setting up of feasible business goals.
These concepts will also reduce interpersonal differences and conflicts which will improve
overall performance of the organisation.
CONCLUSIONS
By summing up the above report, it can be analysed that organisational behaviour is
significant to know the behaviour of workforce in a company. The above report has analysed the
impact of organisational culture, power and politics on team performance. The report than
concluded different theories which will concluded different techniques of motivation to the
employees in organisation. The report has also analysed the characteristics which makes an
effective team to ineffective team with the help of a team development theory. The report than

includes the different concepts and philosophies which helps in understanding the organisational
behaviour of A.M. Holding Ltd.

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