Organisational Behaviour Report: Culture, Motivation & Teams

This report provides an analysis of organisational behaviour, specifically focusing on the case study of Amazon. The report begins by examining the impact of culture, power, and politics on both individual and team performance within the company. It then delves into motivational theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and explores various motivational techniques employed by Amazon. Furthermore, the report contrasts effective and ineffective team dynamics and applies organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies to a given business situation. The analysis incorporates Handy's model of organisational culture, various forms of organisational power, and the influence of organisational politics. The report aims to provide insights into how Amazon manages its workforce to achieve its goals. The report considers different types of power such as legitimate, reward, referent, expert and coercive. It also discusses the importance of satisfying employee needs at different levels, as proposed by Maslow, to enhance motivation and productivity. The report highlights how the Amazon uses task culture to ensure efficient accomplishment of tasks.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P 1 Impact of culture, power and politics on the performance and behaviour of team as well as
individual ....................................................................................................................................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................7
P2 Theories of motivation and motivational techniques in context of organisation. .................7
M2...............................................................................................................................................9
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P3 Understanding of an effective team to an ineffective team.................................................10
M3.............................................................................................................................................13
LO4................................................................................................................................................13
P4 Concepts and Philosophies of organisation in a given business situation...........................13
M4.............................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour (OB) is the theoretical examination of the ways of act by people
within the team. The principles of organizational behaviour are implemented importantly in
efforts to make business operate in effective manner. Organization behaviour involves the fields
of research devoted to improve the job performance, promoting invention, raising the leadership
and enhance the job satisfaction. This field of research states human attitudes in work
atmosphere and defines its influence on job structure, performance, interaction, motivation and
leadership. Study is based on Amazon. It is the multinational technology company that focuses
on e-commerce, cloud computing and digital technology. Report will explain the impact of
culture, power and politics on the performance and behaviour of team as well as individual
within the firm. It will evaluate the content and process theories of motivation as well as
motivational techniques allow effective accomplishment of objectives of the firm. Furthermore,
assignment will demonstrate ways of understanding of effective team an opposed to ineffective
team. Also, it will apply concepts and philosophies of organization behaviours and given
business situation.
TASK 1
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P 1 Impact of culture, power and politics on the performance and behaviour of team as
well as individual
Organization Culture:
Handy's model:
Charles Handy in its work has defined that there are four different kinds of culture which are
power, role, task and person culture. All the four cultures are explained in the following points-
Power culture- this is a type of culture wherein the power of taking decision lays in the hands
of few people only and those people only influences the whole company and its working (do
Carmo Silva and Gomes, 2015). This culture is very strong because use of this type of culture is
promotes quick and prompt decision-making. This is because of the reason that the decision is
to be taken by few people so it does not take much time in taking decision. On the other hand
this culture can also have negative impact because decision-making power in hands of few
people might develop a feeling in other employees that they do not matter to the company, and
they might feel dissatisfied with the job.
Role culture- it is a type of culture where the roles and responsibilities of each and every
employee is defined and decided in advance. This is done in order to clear the role of every
employee in advance so that there is no confusion relating to work to be performed and because
of this there will be no delay in work. In this type of culture a person derives its power only if
they have the position in the company. This culture is popular because it strictly follows rules
and regulations and works according to the policies and procedures made.
Task culture- under this type of culture the company distributes work according to task to be
performed and the work is assigned to the employee who can efficiently do it. The main motive
behind using task culture is to get the work done by the employees in an effective and
productive way so that the goals and objectives of the company can be attained and
accomplished successfully. Also, within this type of culture team is made so that the task can be
performed well.
Person culture- it is a type of culture within which the employees have complete freedom in
doing the work (Yerznkyan, Gassner and Kara, 2017). Here the employees work according to
their wish that is they work independently and are given authority to work according to their
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wish. But this authority is only given if the superiors feels that employee has complete
knowledge and expertise relating to its field or according to job role and description.
Out of all the above four cultures, Amazon uses task culture. This is because of the major
reason that this culture mainly focuses on accomplishment of task or job. For a business to be
successful it is very necessary to complete the work on time and in effective, efficient and
productive way (Shier and Handy, 2016). Also, for fulfilment of job or work this type of culture
brings in all the resources together and ensures that there is optimum utilization of all the scarce
resources.
Organization Politics:
It is also called as workplace politics which is procedure and attitude in human communication
including power and control. Also, it is technique to assess the operational capacity and to
balance different aspects of involved parties. It is utilization of power and social networking
within company to accomplish modifications which advantage to individual as well as firm
(Shier and Handy, 2016). Organizational politics can raise efficiencies in terms of interpersonal
relations, assist modification and profitability of the Amazon. There are many issues involves in
organizational politics such as gossip, gaming, manipulation and so on. These kinds of issues
influence on the individual and team performance in both positive and negative manner. In
order to that, many of changes within Amazon that impact on performance and behaviour of
individual and team at the workplace (do Carmo Silva, and Gomes, 2015). Such as:
Decisional: There are various modifications in making decisions such as company policies and
procedure that can effect on employees, clients and other stakeholders.
Personnel: When company implements mass recruiting or lay-off. Each of these kinds of
changes in firm that can cause essential shift in the morale and involvement of workers. This
can highly influence on the individual performance in positive manner ultimately this impact on
team performance at the workplace.
Organizational: It is large scale changes that influences on not only individual performance but
also full company. This can include reconstructing leadership, adding new policy and
introducing new practical application of business (Labrague and et.al., 2017).
Structural: These types of modification are created to structure of organization that can
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different form internal or external elements which effects on modes through firm is run. These
alterations involves making changes in objectives, approaches and vision of company.
In this context, leaders and managers of Amazon follow the structural modification that can
effect on the behaviour and performance of individual, because it is complex to follow the
changes in structure and strategies of firm. Ultimately, this can impact on work and
performance of team at the Amazon. Also, it is difficult to achieve the goals of team as well as
company.
Organization Power:
The base of most power in firm come from the position itself. Managers have power to rewards
other outside and inside with money, promotion, verbal operation and access (Naseer and et.al.,
2016). Normally, there are five kinds of power such as coercive, legitimate, referent, expert and
rewards.
Legitimate Power: This type of power give capability to connect certain feelings of
accountability to the management. Rewarding and punishing staff can be looked as legitimate
part of the formal or nominated leadership work. This type of power is dependent on role.
Reward Power: This type of power involves the capacity of individual to designate matters
they do not desire to do to other person and rewards than for that. It is noticed chances to
importance or rewards their subordinate good result in impressive way. This type of power is
dependable on the opinion as society that they are more prepared to do actions effectively when
they are acquired something in advantageous for that (Five Forms of Power (French & Raven),
2019).
Referent Power: This types of power is about direction that is based on capacity to
administrator to sense of personal adoption or support. The leader is this power is frequently
looks as role model. Their power is often activated with appreciation and appeal.
Expert Power: The type of power is dependent on in-depth information, knowledge and
expertness. These leaders are often intelligent and also they trust in their power to fulfil
different duties and accountabilities of the organization (Saleem, 2015).
Coercive Power: This form of power is supported on the thought of compulsion. It means that
single person is constrained to do something against their will. The primary goal of coercion is
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conformation. The force of power is also connected effectively with correctional attitudes and
negatively connected with conditional reward attitude. This form of power frequently lead to
problems.
In this context, Amazon's leader and manager adopt the legitimate power that is supported on
role. This kind of power can easily be reduced as soon as individual losses their job. Also, this
power is weak form to effect and convince other people. With this reason, legitimate power
effect effectively on performance and attitude of individual ultimately this impact on team work
and it performance at the Amazon.
LO2
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P2 Theories of motivation and motivational techniques in context of organisation.
Motivation word is illustrated from the word motive which means to satisfy someone
from the work related matters and this helps them to balance their life in effective way (Muls
and et.al., 2015). Usually there are various theories of motivation which is implemented by the
organisation to enhance the employees interest in their working at large scale. The contents and
theories of Motivation to be undertaken in relation to amazon company as:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory: This theory defines the shape of pyramid and also they
need to be followed according to the hierarchy procedure which is set by the company to
motivate the employees to achieve task in better way (Mohelska and Sokolova, 2015). It
includes the following steps to extinguish the Maslow's Theory such as :
Physiological needs: This is the most basic needs of the people without which the earnings and
the hard work is not resultant to profits. As it is based on food, clothing shelter and water which
is the basic amenities to live satisfied life (Maslow – hierarchy of needs, 2019). And if the
person not fulfil their basic livelihood they cannot concentrate in their work which result in lack
of motivation in their personal and professional life.
Safety and Security Needs: If the physiological needs is to be satisfied, this need is also
equally important as it secures the rights of the people and also maintained their heath and other
ethical behaviour in the organisation. As this needs is important in the organisation as it secure
the employees at the time of working in dangerous places.
Belongingness and Love: In this theory, Maslow claimed that people loved their office
colleagues and also interpret in social activities which result in enhancing the biggest examples
of the employee working as team (Elsmore, 2017). As many people suffer from the loneliness
of lack of attention at the time of decision making in the company and cannot interpret in social
activities which result in deflecting the motivation technique. Thus, this needs is necessary to
enhance the employees interest in social activities.
Self Esteem: This is the major need which is expected by every employee who are carrying the
business activities into large scale. This need is related to getting rewards, increment and
promotion in their work premises. This helps them to achieve more targets and also produce the
quality work to promote the status of the company.
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Self Actualization: This needs is described in the theory by realising their capability and skills
to accomplish the task in better way (Gao, 2017). As if the capabilities and interests of the
employees are examined in their work it is easy to develop their skill by providing more
appropriate training to their work related matters and motivate them to learn more things to
enhance their capability and ability to achieve targets.
Herzberg's Two factors Motivation: This theory is based on examined the two factors theory
which is related to firstly the job related theory which related to satisfaction in job and the other
one is related to non job factor theory. The factors which includes the following such as:
Motivators factors: This includes the motivation of employees to work harder to achieve the
targets within the stipulated time (Appannah and Biggs, 2015). As with this theory they also
learn new things in their life and can implement that in their work to bring their work more
innovative and creative.
Hygiene factors: As this factors is not related to job but also without considering this factor
employees cannot concentrate in their work place. As hygiene is the major priority which is
demanded by every employees and also it motivates people to work with good efforts to
increase the productivity in the company.
Thus, process of theories in context of motivation can be of following ways such as
Equity theory: It is mainly to be maintained between the employees and their team members
accomplishing the same work to be completed. As equity to be maintained by the company to
their employees so that equally behaviours and policies are to be implemented to employees to
commit the work (Appelbaum and et.al., 2016). This helps company to improve the retention of
employees and there is no issue which is to beard in context of not proposing the equal
remuneration or not giving chances to present themselves in comparison to other employees.
Expectancy theory: This theory mainly related to motivation of employee by expecting some
task which is to be accomplished by them within the said timings. The things which is to be
expected by company needs to be accomplished by employees is resultant to expecting some
work from employees to be achieved in better way.
Motivational techniques:
The motivational techniques is mainly used by Amazon company to enhance the interest of
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employees towards their work and also to bring new and creative ideas in their work premises
(Whelan, 2016). So they can enhance their stability in the organisation for longer time period. It
consists of following techniques such as:
Set smaller goals: In these employees are trained to achieve small goal instead to achieving the
big targets which includes more risk and also their learning and gaining knowledges is not of
good perspective. Thus, to motivate employees they are to be set with smaller goal which
resultant in providing with more quality work.
Rewards and incentives: To motivate employees toward the work, incentive is the best way to
increase their productivity in the company and also it results in more retention of employees in
work premises (Maitland, Hills and Rhind, 2015). Also, company get the loyal people to
discuss the most important matters with them. As rewards balance the employees of the
company in better way and there are more chances to get the trust worthy people in the
organisation.
Organising social activities: To motivate employees to work in the premises, social activities
in the better way to attract the employees towards the company working and also by this
activity they also get chance to interact with each other and work as a team to accomplish the
task.
M2
By influencing the behaviours of the other employees in the organisation, the effective
motivation theories which is used to promote the structure of the amazon company in better
way is resultant to applying the Herzberg's Two factors Motivation. In this theory it is not
necessary that employees are to be satisfied when they are on their job they are also to be
satisfied when they are not in their job but carrying the activities if the company. There two
factors theory resultant in bring more changes in employees and also distract other employees to
keep themselves motivates by adapting new ideas in their work places.
LO3
P3 Understanding of an effective team to an ineffective team.
Team: It means the group of individual person who came together to accomplish some common
objective to be examined within stipulated time. There are major advantages to work as team and
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also the ratio of risk is to be reduced if the individual commit work as team. By working as team
all other people exchanges their ideas and thoughts with each other to complete the task with
more quality work and also they can present such work in better way (Corfield and Paton, 2016).
The main purpose of creating a team is to plans and execute the decision making if the individual
in single ways and the employees can participate in group activities and also enhanced their
communication skill by discussing the issue which they face at the time of committing such
work. The team can be carried by many ways such as:
 Functional team: This means that the individual are accomplishing the team from
different function to carry a common goal. This includes the function team members of
every function such design function, Technical function, one person from purchasing
department. They all came together to accomplish a common objective to achieve success
in that projects.
 Virtual team: This team is mainly depended on technology and their role and work is
assigned by using the digital system only. In this the individual person are appointed who
do not have face to face interaction and also they are from different culture and
background and are not connected with each other (Zhu, 2015). They discuss their
matters through technology and also after the project is accomplished they are separated
from that project and work as an individual.
 Self directed team: This types of team are mainly formulated to resolve the common issue
and they are not assigned for the particular task to be accomplished. Self directed word
itself includes the team which is self directly to solve any matter and after resolving such
issue they are dis-parted with that individual task which is to be accomplished by them.
The major difference between the effective team and ineffective team is subject to
Aspects Effective team Ineffective team
Work criteria If the team is effective it
results in bringing the work
with more quality results
(Muls and et.al., 2015).
If the team not work according
to the given instruction than it
results in lack of quality work
and also there are wastages of
resources who they utilize to
accomplish the task.
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Decision making If the team is effective than
decision taken on their behalf
are to be initiated at their first
priority (Elsmore, 2017).
If the team, is not effective
than decision are also to be
taken as individual which is
not useful for particular project
for which they are joined to
accomplish it.
Risk undertaking If the team work in
coordination with the set
norms they had to face less
risk and also work is to be
accomplished within stipulated
time.
In the team not work for
common objective there are
more chances to face risk in
the project (Mohelska and
Sokolova, 2015).
There are various team development theory which defines the working of the Amazon
company to interact with individual to motivate them to work as team such as the theory related
to Tuckman's Development theory. In this theory they defined that the individuals are to be
formed from starting and they are to be trained to learn to work as a team and accomplish the
task as group activity (Gao, 2017). Thus, it includes various steps in which the individual are
trained to achieve task in better way. It includes the following
 Forming: It mainly related to the team building techniques which is used by company to
interact every individual to analyse the positive impact of working as a team (Appannah
and Biggs, 2015). As every individual are struggling to adjust in the team and adapt their
strategies and working, Thus their forming method helps the individual to provide
various factors to adjusts in that team and also the techniques to be implemented to learn
new things.
 Storming: After adjusting the people in the team they had to face major challenges in the
team regarding their views on same matters, or the things which is adapted by other team
members had to adapted by them, only. Thus, there are more chances of reduction of
performances as it takes time to be on the same scale of every employees.
 Norming: In this phase the team members are adjusted with their team and they are all
set to follow the terms and conditions and rules which is imposed at the time of taking
decision in the project (Appelbaum and et.al., 2016). Thus, it helps employees to grow
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