Organisational Behaviour Report: Motivation, Teams and Behaviour

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the influence of culture, politics, and power dynamics on individual and team performance within David & Co, a food organisation. It delves into the impact of these factors, exploring how organizational culture is categorized and how politics can affect productivity, concentration, and employee attitudes. The report further examines the different types of power within an organization, including legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, and information power. It then evaluates motivational theories, such as Herzberg's two-factor theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Alderfer's ERG theory, to determine how these theories can be applied to influence and motivate employees. The report also touches on behavioral psychology and its relation to employee views, emotions, and actions. Finally, it explores team and group development theories to support dynamic cooperation within an organization.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance...................................................................1
M1Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance...................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models................................3
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation..............................................................................................................6
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation..............................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way......................................................................7
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way......................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the process of study of the way employees interact with each
other. This is done by managers with the aim of create more efficient enterprises. Basically, it is
the study of human behaviour in setting of an organisation (Al-Zu’bi, 2010). Main benefit of this
study is that it help managers in identify and evaluate the main elements which largely affect the
behaviour of an individual their productivity (What is organizational behaviour?,2017). David &
company limited a food organisation is taken under this report. Firm employ flavour chemist to
sell more than 40000 flavours to its customers. Various factors such as culture, power and
politics of an enterprise affect performance and behaviour of both individuals and teams is all
given under this report. How an organisation can achieve its goals and objectives with the help of
various theories of motivation is all detailed under this. Further, various elements which help in
make a team effective and application of various concepts of organisational behaviour al also
included in this.
TASK 1
P1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance
Culture is defined as norms, rules and regulations found and exist in human societies. It is
the morals, customs, ideas and how an individual behave in front of members of society. In
David & company limited, culture is classified into four broad categories: Power culture: This is define as the overall system which affect or influence relationship
between any individual or group (Ng and Feldman, 2012). It define the way in which
authority of enterprise is distributed among teams and individuals. All activities of
enterprises are based on rules under this culture. Role culture: Under this culture, every member of enterprise make aware about their
roles and responsibilities to execute all operation of business in an effective way. Power
is allotted to individuals as per their position in firm. Task culture: In this culture, enterprise encourage formulation of teams for solving a
particular issues or problem (Ali, 2010). This help in effective team building as this
provide a mix of different personalities, skills and abilities and provide effective outputs.
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 Person culture: Under this, manager focus more on fulfil different needs and
requirements of individuals and everyone in the firm see themselves as unique and
creative.
Awareness about the culture at workplace is very essential as this help in effective execution of
commercial operations of enterprise and ensure optimum utilisation of all resources of firm.
Politics is the process of take decisions applicable to members of group. Politics in
David & company limited is informal and unofficial which directly affect the productivity of
firm (Ayyagari, Grover and Purvis, 2011). Workers who do not believe in hard work and depend
on politics to make their position secure at workplace and gain appreciation from their seniors.
Effect of politics on employees and on their performance and behaviour can be understood by
following points: Decrease overall productivity: Politics lower the performance of individual and decrease
productivity of organisation (Olson, Herman and Zanna, 2014). Employees who play
politics at workplace pay less attention to their work and they spend more time on
criticise others. As a output workers fails to achieve their targets which create delay in
achievement of target by firm. Affect concentration: Due to politics individuals find it difficult to concentrate on their
job and are more interested in spoil the image of an individuals in front of its superiors.
When workers get more involved in politics than they make more mistakes due to lack of
concentration on their work. Change the attitude of employees: One of the main effect of politics is that it change the
attitude of workers. Internal politics at workplace do not allow worker to give their best
to enterprise. Demotivate workers: Employees who do not get any appreciation for their good work
due to politics feels demotivated. This decrease their commitment and morale towards
their job and reduce their productivity.
 Increase stress: Due to politics employees fail to trust each other and that's why they do
not share any secrets share with each other. All this increase stress level of workers.
Power play an important role in execution of various operations of a firm in an effective
and systematic manner (Baum, Frese and Baron, 2014). Having power and use this both are two
different things. In an organisation power can be of following type:
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 Legitimate power: Power which come form the position in an enterprise is known as
legitimate power. Individuals who get top position is enterprise get more power as
compare to the individual work in lower level. Reward power: Ability such as grant an incentive, reward or a perk to an individual is
known as reward power. This power is known as highest in case of rare rewards. Coercive power: Under this an individual has the power to punish an individual in case of
not complete the assign task. This work through fear and force workers to find all ways
of complete the work (Coccia and Rolfo, 2013). This create negativity in the mind of
employees and negatively affect the behaviour and decrease their productivity. Expert power: This power comes from skill and knowledge. Workers who have this
power are seem as long term employee of enterprise.
 Information power: Basically expert power and information power both are same but
sources are different.
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance
Culture, politics and power are three main elements which largely affect the behaviour of
individuals and teams working in company. It is very essential that individuals who have any
kind of power at workplace should use in an effective and right way. There should not be any
kind of negative politics in firm and culture of enterprise should be that which encourage and
motivate employees to perform well.
TASK 2
P2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
There are various motivational theories which are used by the managers of David &
company limited to influence and motivate workers to give their best during execution of various
operations of firm. Motivation play a big role in performance of an individual and directly affect
the profits and productivity of organisation. This is the only factor which influence individuals to
give their best to firm (Three Main Theories of Motivation, 2017). Basically motivation include
two factors known as intrinsic and extrinsic.
Intrinsic: Motivation which drive in an employee with use of internal rewards is known as
intrinsic motivation. With the help of this, an individual find his personal satisfaction.
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Extrinsic: This type of motivation is drive with the use of external rewards such as money
appraisal and promotion in job position. This is one of the popular and most use type of
motivation.
Main theories of motivation which can be used by the David & company limited to
effectively achieve its goals and objectives can be understood by following points: Hertzberg's two factor theory of motivation: This theory was developed by Frederick
Herzberg in 1950 (DeChurch and Mesmer-Magnus, 2010). As per this theory there are 2
factors that affect satisfaction and motivation of workers
Hygiene factor: Absent of these factors leads to dissatisfaction and lack of motivation
among workers. Policy of company, salary, relationship with manager and benefits is all
included in this.
Motivator factors: This include the elements which leads to satisfaction of worker and
motivate them to give their best. This include factors such as career progression and enjoy your
work.
 Maslow's need hierarchy theory: This theory of motivation is divided into five
categories include the following:
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
(Source: McLeod, 2017)

Physiological needs: This include the elements vital for survival of an individual. Food,
shelter, cloth and breathing are the main factors.
Security and safety needs: At this level, need of safety and security become primary for
individual. In this individuals want order and control in their lives and this need contribute a lot
to their behaviour (Haslam and et. al., 2014). Financial security, wellness and health and safety
against any kind of injury is come under this. Fulfilment of physiological and safety need come
under the basic needs of an individual.
Social needs: Things such as love, belonging and acceptance include in this social need.
Family, friendships, social groups and community groups are come under this (Owings and
Kaplan, 2012). It is very important for an individual to fell accepted and love by other to avoid
problems such as anxiety and depression. Further, relationship with friends and family members
play an important role in overall development of an individual.
Esteem needs: Need for appreciation and respect come at the fourth level of motivation
theory of Maslow. After satisfaction of above three needs, this need start to play a important role
in motivate an individual (Paillé and Grima, 2011). At this point, it become important for
individual to to gain appreciation and respect. Under this people need to sense that they are
making a contribution in the world and are valued by other. Individuals who get success to
satisfy their esteem needs feel confident in their skills and abilities (Hershcovis, 2011). On the
opposite of it lack of this ability develop a feeling of inferiority in mind of individual.
Self actualisation needs: This include personal growth and self fulfilment of employee.
This is one of the effective and popular theory of motivation. With the help of this theory
manager of David & company limited can motivate workers in an effective way. Alderfer's ERG theory: Under this approach Alderfer's recategorised motivation theory
of maslow into three simpler needs:
Existence needs: This involve basic need which are require for survival of individual.
This include physiological and safety needs of maslow.
Relatedness needs: This include the need of maintain interpersonal relationship with
individuals. Social need and esteem needs of maslow come under this category.
Growth needs: Need for personal growth and self development include under this. Self
actualisation need of maslow fall under this category.
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 Behavioural psychology: Basically this is related with the relation between a person and
its mind. Behaviour of workers like their views, emotions, responses and actions in a
particular situation or condition (Huang and Bond, 2012). In every organisation large
number of individuals work with different skills, capabilities and personality.
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
It is very essential for an enterprise to have skilled workers and motivated staff in order to
achieve end goals and objectives. For motivate and encourage employees to perform well
number of motivational theories and concepts are there which can be use by managers.
TASK 3
P3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation.
Working of team is one of the essential element for every organisation as this contribute a
lot in success of company. Team is a mixture of different personalities having different skills and
capabilities who come together and work together for achievement of a common goal. Leader
play an important role an important role build an effective team to achieve end results of
company (Singh and Singh, 2010). Building effective teams for execution of various activities of
David & company limited is very important. One of the main advantage of working in team as
this help in effective execution of complex tasks and help managers in achieve set objectives.
Teams can be of many type some teams are form for a specific task which known as temporary
teams while some are known as permanent teams. Number of teams do work in David &
company limited which can be understood by points stated below:
 Functional team: These type of teams are formed by managers for complete a particular
plan. Managers are responsible to assign duties and tasks to every member of team to
achieve set results (Huang and et.al., 2010). Under this, manager is thee only one who
manage the activities of all employees and give them direction to produce better outputs.
One of the main benefit of having these kins of teams as this help in save both time and
money of firm. This ensure optimum utilisation of all resources of company and help in achieve
efficiency in business activities. All members of team give their opinions and views to find better
solution of problem.
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 Problem solving team: As the name implies, these type of teams are formed to solve a
particular problem and issue arise at workplace (Johns, 2010). Under this, all members of
team analyse a situation from all angles to find better solution. For this they collect
relevant information from all sources to identify main cause of problem.
Effective solution to all complex problems of enterprise is the main advantage of having
these kind of teams. Critical problem is solved by all skilled and experience people which
contribute in success of firm.
 Virtual team: Teams which are formed and come together for a specific purpose is
known as virtual teams. Under this all members of team do not meet face to face by
connect with the help of internet and video conferencing (Taras, Kirkman and Steel,
2010). All individuals work for achievement of a common purpose. They interact with
each other with the help of various social platforms.
One of the main advantage of these type of teams is that it help in save time of all members of
team. Use of social platforms help in improve the quality of all activities and contribute in
effective achievement of set goals.
 Project team: These type of teams are formed by managers to complete a particular
project. In this all members of team analyse the project and try to find out the best
solution to complete a given task (Joseph and Newman, 2010). It is very essential that
members of team must have required knowledge to complete all activities of project.
One of the main advantage of these kind of teams is that it help enterprise in find new and
innovative ways to complete the project. This enhance skills and capabilities of workers and
increase profitability of firm.
All these are the main type of teams working in an organisation. Skills and capabilities of team
members are the main factors which make a team an effective one as compare with an ineffective
team. Further leader also play an important role in making an effective team. Managers of David
& company limited should do all efforts to make a effective team.
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation
Basically there are five stages of group development known as forming, storming,
norming, performing and adjourning. For develop a effective groups, it is very essential that all
members of group should go through by each and every step.
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TASK 4
P4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour
in both a positive and negative way
Due to fast changing business environment today's enterprises use different motivational
theories for improve overall performance of employees and to encourage them to complete
assign tasks in an ethical manner. Different theories of motivation such as maslow's need
hierarchy theory and two factor theory are effective theories of motivation which can be used by
the David & company limited. Motivation is one of the important and essential element of
success of every enterprise as this is the only elements which encourage workers to give their
best. David & company limited use two factor theory to motivate employees and to improve
their performance (Judge and Kammeyer‐Mueller, 2012). Managers of firm ensure the existence
of two factor called hygiene factor and motivation factor to motivate employees. Managers do
focus on the factors to increase motivation of workers. This theory help in create a better and
positive work environment which automatically enhance the morale and commitment towards
their jobs. One of the main reason why managers use these philosophies and concepts is that
there are various elements exist at workplace which negatively affect their performance. Main
obstacles and barriers which affect the performance of workers in an enterprise can be
understood by following points: Negative work environment: This is one of the element which largely affect the
performance of workers in a negative way. In this case it comes under the responsibility
of manager to create and provide healthy and positive work environment to workers. This
increase both productivity and profit of firm and help in reduce the negative effect of
other elements (Tierney and Farmer, 2011). By create positive and healthy work
environment David & company limited can motivate their workers to give their best.
Negative work environment not only affect productivity of workers but workers feel
suffocated which decrease their morale and increase turnover of employees. Harassment and bullying: This is one of the negative element which exist in most of
organisation and faced by workers (Walumbwa, Hartnell and Oke, 2010). Employees of
David & company limited also faced these kind of issues during their working hours
which decreased the output of company. Harassment of employees can be mental,
physical and social which disturb them. In order to build a safe work environment for
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employees it is very necessary that top managers should formulate effective policies to
reduce these negative factors from work environment and to provide a safe working
environment to employees. Discrimination: When employer behave differently with its employees on basis on their
gender, age, colour and caste is known as discrimination (Kulik and Olekalns, 2012).
This is one of factor which negatively effect the productivity of workers. Further this also
create grounds of rising conflicts among workers. To reduce this government set rules
like equal opportunities should be given to all workers. Workplace without discrimination
product better and quality products for its customers and help enterprise in getting
competitive advantage. Inappropriate services: Effective services help enterprise in achieve growth in market
and provide various long term benefits to firm. This also encourage workers to give their
best. In case of lack of services offer to employees, workers feel disappointed and leave
the organisation (Koenig and et. al.,2011). To avoid this kind of situation it is very
essential for the managers of David & company limited to offer adequate and effective
services to its workers to achieve set results.
 Inequity: When workers are treated unequal by their boss on the basis of their salary and
job position than this also disturb the working of an enterprise. It is very essential that all
workers who have same level of qualification and do same work in enterprise should get
same compensation by managers (Lee, Kim and Kim, 2013). This help in create a
positive work environment and contribute in achievement of set objectives and targets.
All these are the main factors which exist or negatively affect their performance. That's why
managers of firm use various philosophies and concepts to maintain behaviour of workers at
workplace and to motivate them to contribute more in the success of firm.
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour
in both a positive and negative way.
Both concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour affect the performance of
employees. So it is very essential that all concepts must be used by manager in an effective way
in order to influence the actions of workers in an effective way.
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CONCLUSION
From the above information it can be summarised that study of organisation behaviour
help manager in collect relevant information regarding the behaviour of various employees as an
individual and when they working in a team. One of the main reason which make this study more
important is that it contribute in success of organisation. The main factors which affect the
performance of an individual and team include culture, politics and power so it is very necessary
that right kind of power and culture must be use by the managers of David & company limited.
By this managers can increase the productivity of workers which will enhance the profits of firm.
There are various motivational theories through which an enterprise can easily achieve its set
goals. Further with effective application of various philosophies of management an enterprise
can easily achieve its set results and objectives. Overall with the study of organisational
behaviour managers of David & company limited can achieve effective execution of various
activities.
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