Organisational Behaviour: Analysis of Culture, Politics and Power

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance within an organisation. The report uses KPMG as a case study and examines how organisational culture, including task, person, and role cultures, affects employees. It explores the impact of globalisation and digital technology on organisational culture, along with the application of Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory. The report delves into the effects of both positive and negative organisational politics, including personal, structural, decisional, and organisational changes. It also assesses the influence of power dynamics, such as reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power, on employee behaviour. Furthermore, the report defines content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and discusses the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams. Finally, the report analyses how team development theories are relevant to the philosophies of organisational behaviour that affect workplace behaviour.

Unit 12 - Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................4
Main Body...................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................4
P1) Analyze the influence of organization’s culture, politics and power on individual and team
behavior and performance......................................................................................................................4
M1) Analyse how culture, politics and power in an organisation affect individual team behaviour and
performance............................................................................................................................................8
P2) Define the content and process theory of motivation that help organisation to achieve goals........8
M2) Evaluate how behavior is influenced through behavioral motivational theory, concept and
models...................................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3.....................................................................................................................................................11
P3) Effective and Ineffective teams.......................................................................................................11
M3) Discuss relevant team development theory in order to support the development of cooperation
...............................................................................................................................................................14
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................14
P4) Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior...................................................................14
M4) Analyze positive and negative impact of Philosophies of OB on the behavior of individual..........15
D2) Analyze how team development theories are relevant in context of the philosophies OB that
affect behavior at work place................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................18
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior refers to the behavior of individuals who are working in
company to achieve pre define business goals and objectives. It is a field which includes
performance of both individuals as well as group in organization (Khan, Khan and Gul, 2019). In
addition, it monitors the behavior of individuals along with their job structure performance,
communication, motivation and leadership practices prevailing at work place. The present report
focuses to build positive culture and environment at work please so that all the employees can
work together to accomplish organizational goals. In the current report KPMG is taken into
consideration which is a large consultancy company based on UK. It provides ample of services
such as audit assurance, tax and legal services consultancy services and many more it was
founded in the year of 1987 and provides services at global level. Currently company is working
in nearly 147 countries worldwide and majorly deals in three lines of services that are tax,
advisory and financial audit. The following report comprises effect of culture politics and power
on the behavior of individuals and team within company. Further, different techniques that are
used by managers to motivate employees are also discussed in report. Moreover, it renders
valuable insights regarding the organizational behavior and its influence over business setting.
Main Body
TASK 1
P1) Analyze the influence of organization’s culture, politics and power on individual and team
behavior and performance
Influence of culture:
Culture refers to the work environment and conditions prevailing within company. It put
great impact on individuals, team who are working in organization. It comprises believes values
attitude norms that affect the performance of an individual working in an entity in both positive
as well as negative way (Singh and Singh, 2019). It is essential to understand the cultural factor

to maintain positive environment at work please. Some different dimensions of culture in KPMG
are mention below:
Task culture: It is used at the time of formation of teams in company to accomplish some
predefined project and address problems effectively. It helps to complete business task in timely
manner. In addition, task culture is also essential to address the problems in an appropriate way.
Person culture: As per this concept, human being or employees who are working within
company are more important and need to be give due respect. Here, managers are more
concerned about their employees rather profitability.
Role culture: Here, duties and responsibilities are assigned to individual as per their
position in organization. It is helpful to minimize ambiguity and conflicts among employees and
fulfill the assigned task in better manner.
Impact of Globalization and digital technology over organization culture:
There are several new and advanced technologies have been adopted by companies at
global level which affect their working process and culture. Due to globalization, now it is easy
to exchange various resources by different countries (Zhang and Han, 2019). This practice helps
to maintain collaborative culture at work place and coordination among employees which is
essential to attain predefined objectives. In context of KPMG, it is analyzed that digital
technologies & soft wares help subordinates to perform assigned task in an efficient manner.
Organizational Psychology:
It is an area in which human behavior is studied at the work place. In context of KPMG,
it is essential for managers to understand the mindset, psychology of individuals who are
working within company in order to attain predefined objectives. This is crucial to manage
employees at work place in an efficient manner.
Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory:
It is a theory which is used to understand the impact of different culture over
organization. It is used widely across the world. Some important dimensions of this framework
are given as under:

Individualism and Collectivism: It demonstrates the work culture of company in which
people can either work as an individual or team. In context of KPMG, it focuses over team work
to maintain effective coordination at work place.
Masculinity and Femininity: There is several individuals work in organization who
belong to both gender. To maintain a diversify work environment, it is essential to recruit both
male and females. In regards of KPMG, there are several women are working within
organization that demonstrates it diversify work culture.
Uncertainty avoidance index: It is analyzed that uncertainty index level of KPMG is
lower as employees are ready to face future uncertainties to grab the opportunities of success.
Influence of Politics:
It refers to the activities and interaction that take place within company between
employees and management. Organizational politics can be positive or negative. Some crucial
types of politics are mentioned as under
Positive politics: In this, staff member work with higher motivation and inspiration to
accomplish predefined objectives and gain better results. It is a situation which is in favors of
company and produce better outcomes. Some other benefits which are associated with positive
politics are enhanced productivity and outcome of work force which will further lead it towards
higher growth and success (Panicker, Agrawal and Khandelwal, 2018).
Negative politics: it is analyzed that politics may put negative impact on overall
performance of workforce. It is analyzed that it might influence the competency of employees in
adverse manner. For instance, sometime due to some personal issues managers may overburden
employees which may reduce their productivity and arise conflicts at workplace.
Personal, structural, decisional and organizational change:
It is analyzed that politics can significantly affect various aspects of organization. In
context of personal change, these changes can be positive or negative. Here, employees get
inspired from managers and follow them. Sometimes, workforce also demotivated due to
discrimination.

There are several structural changes also caused by politics. These changes can be related to
organizational structure which will further affect roles and responsibilities of employees in
company.
Decisional changes also take place in entity because of internal politics which affect
overall business performance. Sometimes, managers and leaders change whole decision-making
process due to politics.
It is analyzed that managers of KPMG are using politics in order to bring positive
changes in company.
Influence of Power:
It refers the authority of top level managers to affect the performance of individuals with
an organization. In reference of KPMG top managers has higher decision-making power that
influence overall business performance. There are certain sources of power, mentioned as under:
Reward power: In this, employees who perform with their full efficiency and dedication
are rewarding accordingly (Yang, Choi and Lee, 2018). It motivates them to work better for the
success and growth of company. It is considered as the best suitable way to motivate work force.
Here manager provide acknowledgement and reward to employees which can be monetary or
non monetary for their significant contribution in organizational success and growth. In regards
of KPMG, it provides acknowledge the efforts of employees and provide them necessary rewards
accordingly.
Coercive power: Under this, instructions are provided by higher authorities and
employees are required to follow it. Otherwise they might be punished by employers. Hence it is
associated with negative influence on the Mindset off employees in an entity. Managers of
KPMG instruct subordinates constantly to make necessary improvements and operate business
effectively.
Legitimate power: This power lies to the higher authorities of an organization especially
to the individuals who are working at the top level. It is associated with position and remains with
an individual until they are associated with that particular position. In contest of KPMG it is

analyzed that managers understand their responsibility towards company and execute their
authority in an efficient manner for the success and growth of company.
Expert power: Here individuals have power on the basis of their experience and
knowledge. Due to higher expertise and exponential knowledge they get respect from others
(Cop, Alola and Alola, 2020). In case of KPMG, managers has are highly knowledgeable and
skilled. Therefore, eligible to get respect from subordinates.
Referent power: It refers to the identification of a person who has exponential personality
treats and act as a leader or role model for others in company. There are managers as well as
leaders in organization who influence individuals and put a great impact on their performance. In
context of KPMG, it is analyzed that manager have this power as they have higher expertise and
knowledge thus subordinates take them as a role model.
M1) Analyse how culture, politics and power in an organisation affect individual team behaviour
and performance.
Here, Culture brings identical values, beliefs at work place so that all the employees can
coordinate with each other to attain desired goals. In addition, politics is an informal way to
influence the performance of work force in organization. Power renders necessary authority to
individuals to influence individual's performance for the betterment and growth of entity.
Therefore, all these elements such as culture, power and politics affect behavior of individuals as
well as teams at work place.
P2) Define the content and process theory of motivation that help organisation to achieve goals
Motivation is a process under which individuals are inspired to maintain higher
productivity and efficiency throughout the project to achieve desired goals. In addition, it is an
essential function by which employers are encouraged as well as inspired by higher authorities to
work in desired manner. There are two important types of motivation which are mentioned
below:
Intrinsic motivation it refers to the inner feelings, emotions and desire of an individual. Intrinsic
motivation arises when an individual is engage in some activity for own desire and self
fulfillment rather any external motive (Ghosh and Deb, 2018). In organization, it is also essential
to consider the factors of intrinsic motivation while formulating strategies.

Extrinsic Motivation is related to external reward which is provided to an individual after
successfully completion of a particular task. It can be monetary of non monetary. Here, several
benefits such as additional pay, bonus, incentives, acknowledgement and rewards are provided
by mangers in order to motivate employees.
Content Theory:
It is a theory under which cause are identified that motivates work force in organization.
Here, managers of KPMG use Maslow’s hierarchy theory which includes five needs that are
given as under:
Physiological need: In context of KPMG, managers render adequate salary to employees
so that they can fulfill their basic necessities such as food, shelter, education and more. It helps
subordinates to work without any pressure.
Safety need: Here, organization provides safety, job security to work force in order to
keep them motivated and inspired (Markus, 2017). It helps them to enhance the efficiency as
well as productivity of staff member that is essential to operate business effectively.
Social need: It comprises the needs of trust, belongingness, affection, love any more. Top
level management of KPMG form informal groups so that employees get an opportunity interact
with each other in an efficient manner.

Esteem need: Here, needs of prestige & feeling of fulfillment are included. In regards of
KPMG, company renders rewards, acknowledgment in order to recognize the efforts of
employees in organizational growth and success.
Self actualization need: Managers of KPMG, inspired work force to come out with their
skills and abilities to perform work in an efficient manner (Zhang, Guo and Newman, 2017).
With this, employees get motivated to come out with valuable suggestions to ensure for further
growth and success of company.
Process Theory:
This theory explains the reason of a particular behavior of an individual. In addition, it
also comprises several elements which cause changes in the behavior of an individual. In case of
KPMG, managers Adam’s equity theory that is discussed below:
Adam’s Equity Theory:
This theory generally depends on two factors which are essential to motivate subordinates
within company. As per the first principal, there need to be proper balance between outcomes
and efforts. Outcomes need be depend on the efforts put by an individual. Here, employees
should be appreciate as per their efforts in overall organizational success and growth. On another
side, second principal states that all the employees who are working within entity are required to
treat fairly regardless their race, culture and gender. In reference of KPMG, managers provide
rewards to work force for their significant contribution towards orgizational goals. In addition,
they also ensure that all the individuals get equal opportunities to explore and grow within
company. Moreover, it is analyzed that it is essential to keep employees engage in organizational
task that will help to perform in better manner.
Importance of Soft Skills for Team & Managers
Soft skills depict behavior, characteristics as well as personality traits of an individual
which are necessary to perform better in corporate culture. It comprises certain skills like
communication, presentation, confidence, decision making and more which are consider as part

of individual’s personality ( Peltokorpi, Allen and Froese, 2017). Due to diversify culture of
KPMG, managers of organization are required to have exponential soft skills to operate business
effectively. It will help them to maintain better internal management and positive coordination at
work place. In addition, emotional intelligence which is understand as an important part of soft
skills is also present among individuals and teams in organization. In this way, they are able to
maintain proper work balance & coordination within company that will be helpful to accomplish
desired goals
M2) Evaluate how behavior is influenced through behavioral motivational theory, concept and
models.
It is analyzed that Motivation play a significant role on overall performance, behavior of
an individual in organization. There are certain theory such as Maslow’s theory, Adam theory are
used to inspired employees in order to enhance their productivity. In Maslow’s theory, there is a
hierarchy determined under which needs are occur. Behavior of human being is highly affected
with this hierarchy as they first prefer to meet with basic needs then shift on other requirements.
So, primarily managers of company make sure to fulfill basic requirements of employees so that
they stay motivated and give significant contribution. On another side, in Adam’s theory
behavior of employees is affected with cause and effort relationship and rewards provided by
entity. They put significant efforts and work hard to get recognition at work place. Therefore,
these theories lead entity towards higher growth and success.
TASK 3
P3) Effective and Ineffective teams
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Interdependence It is analyzed that here team
members are involve in
organizational task in positive
way and give their significant
contribution towards
organizational goals and
objectives.
Here, ineffective team have
lack of coordination,
effectiveness and
interdependency that create
constraint in success of
company.

Goals In this, leaders communicate
predefined goals and
objectives to employees in
order to get their support and
maintain positive environment
at work place.
Here, team members do not
have clarity regarding their
roles, responsibilities and
positions at work place that
highly affect overall
performance of team and
create constraint in goal
attainment.
Decision making procedures It is monitored that team
members are allowed to take
part in overall decision
making process. They can
provide suggestions, advice to
managers that will further lead
organization towards higher
growth and success.
In ineffective team all the
decisions are generally taken
by higher authorities without
giving consideration to the
thoughts and point of view of
employees. By this way,
managers keep proper control
over decision making process.
Types of organizational teams
Team refers to the group of people posses different skills, capabilities, competencies
come and work together in order to attain common goals (Luu, 2019). Team members take
decision with mutual understanding to achieve predefined targets in stipulated period of time.
Different ways of team formation are given as under:
Functional team: In this, members having common expertise, knowledge, competencies
work together in order to perform assigned task in better manner. It is analyze that this kind of
team help organization to attain predefined targets in stipulated period of time.
Project team: This team is formulated for completion of a particular project. In addition,
this team is formulated for less period of time for the period of project. Here, team members
have clarity about their roles and responsibility in terms of completion of project in successful
manner.

Virtual team: It is analyzed that here team members work at different location and interact with
each other through whatsapp, video conferencing, email and more. Here, KPMG has presence in
several countries so it is essential for members to virtually connect with each other.
Tuckman Team Development Model
Here, this model was developed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 to monitor and manage the
performance of team throughout the project. Managers of KPMG adopt this method including
five crucial steps that are given as under:
Forming: It is initial stage of team formation under which tasks are assigned to team
members so that they can attain predefined targets (Huang and Whitson, 2020). In addition, here
team members formulate effective bond with each other in order to facilitate effective
communication within team. Here, managers of KPMG assigned task to team members as per
their skills and knowledge with an aim to achieve predefined objectives.
Storming: At this stage, bond is strengthen among team members so they started to share
ideas, thoughts with each other. In this, there are higher probabilities of conflicts if their
thoughts, opinion are not matches.
Norming: Under this, team members start to work with each other and also accept ideas
of each other willingly. So, it helps to formulate effective relationship that will further lead
higher coordination within team members.
Performing: In this, all the members start to perform assigned task in an effective
manner in order to attain predefined goals. Here, they work and take decisions with mutual
consent that is essential for completion of assigned project successfully.
Adjourning: It is the last stage of model where project is complete and all the team
members get separated. Here, managers of KPMG emphasis to maintain good relationship
between team members even after the completion of project in order to undertake future project
effectively.

M3) Discuss relevant team development theory in order to support the development of
cooperation
It is analyzed that team play a crucial role in attainment of common goals and objectives.
There are different theories such as Tuckman and more are used by KPMG in order to form an
effective team. These theories are really helpful in forming as well as managing the whole team
in an efficient manner. There are ample of steps are followed in these approaches that facilitate
higher cooperation and coordination at work place.
TASK 4
P4) Concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior
Concepts of organizational behavior
Individual Difference: Each and every individual are different from each other in terms
of opinion, views as well as experience (Peltokorpi, Allen and Froese, 2017). It is stated that
managers of KPMG are required to value the individuality of employees and respect their
thoughts and opinions in order to attain predefined common goals.
Motivation: It is essential for managers of KPMG to motivate employees on regular
basis. They are required to provide necessary monetary and non monetary motivation to work
force to enhance their productivity and efficiency in a significant manner.
Path goal theory: It emphasis over behavior and attitude of leaders that is essential to
attain predefined objectives. Here, managers of KPMG focus to guide employees and direct them
on right path so that they can work with higher proficiency for the success of company. It
comprises four different style s that are given as under:
Directive: Here, leaders provide direction to staff members so that they can perform well
at work place. Administration of respective company focus on clarifying roles and
responsibilities to employees and also guide them in proper manner. It also helps to put positive
impact on overall profitability of organization.
Achievement: In this, leader motivates as well as inspire employee to attain predefined
targets. Here, managers of KPMG emphasis to assign challenging roles to staff in order to bring

improvements at work place. They also provide necessary training to work force so that they can
perform as per desired manner.
Participative: Under this, leaders encourage employees to take part in organizational
task. They also motivate work force to provide necessary suggestions for the improvement at
work place. It helps managers of KPMG to bring higher creativity and innovation within
company that will improve its overall marketing position.
Supportive: Here, manager’s emphasis to understand needs and requirements of
employees and also provide appropriate suggestions of their problems. This helps to managers of
KPMG to maintain positive culture at work place that is crucial to retain work force for longer
duration.
M4) Analyze positive and negative impact of Philosophies of OB on the behavior of individual
There are several philosophies are undertaken in the field of organizational behavior. It
puts positive as well as negative impact on the attitude, behavior of employees. Sometimes,
employees have the intuition that managers have more favorable attitude towards a particular
employee that may create higher confusion at work place. In addition, motivation, rewards
inspire work force to perform assigned task in better manner.
D2) Analyze how team development theories are relevant in context of the philosophies OB that
affect behavior at work place
Here, different theories of team development such as Tuckman theory and more are used
by organization. It helps to formulate an effective team that will undertake assigned task
effectively. In addition, it also influence the concept of Organizational behavior at work place
that further significantly affect the performance, attitude as well as behavior of individuals within
company.
Reflective Statement
It is analyzed that during the project there was great coordination among team members
that will help to perform overall project in an efficient manner. Main reason of this coordination
was the effective leadership style that was undertaken by our leader throughout the project. Here,
all the team members have right to present their own point of view, suggestions that facilitate

participation of employees in task. In addition, I was able to coordinate with other team members
in significant manner that will help me to perform assigned task effectively. I also faced ample of
hardship while working in the group. I realized that I was lacking in some skills such as technical
skills because of which I was unable to deliver effective presentation at work place. Due to this,
sometime I also found it difficult to deliver my thoughts and opinion to other team members
through presentation. The another crucial issue is related to difference in perception and opinion
of people within group that create higher ambiguity and confusion and make it difficult to reach
at appropriate conclusion with the consent of all team members.
Here, I also felled hesitated while taking to other person due to lack of communication skills. It
restricted my performance during the project as I was not able to put effective impression on
other team members and managers. It declined my performance level in front of teammates and
other person. In addition, there are seceveral other hardships such as lack of research,
information and more also faced by whole group that need to be addressed in an effective
manner.

CONCLUSION
With above discussion, it can be concluded that organizational behavior is an important
business function and helps to identify the performance as well as behavior of employees at work
place. Further, it also helps to identify the requirement and need to motivate work force which
will encourage them to put more efforts towards organizational growth. Discussion has been
carried out regarding influence of culture power and politics on the performance of individuals
and teams. Further, several theories of motivation such as Maslow’s, Adam’s are also essential to
stay employees motivated towards organizational goals and objectives.

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