Organisational Behaviour Report: Leadership, Culture, and Performance

This report examines organisational behaviour within the context of AM (Holdings) Limited, a packaging company in the UK. It analyzes how organizational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behavior and performance. The report delves into Handy’s typology of organizational culture, exploring power, role, task, and person cultures. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and their impact on achieving organizational goals. The report also differentiates between effective and ineffective teams and applies organizational behavior concepts to a given business situation, focusing on leadership styles, employee motivation, and the influence of organizational politics on productivity and performance. The report emphasizes the importance of HR management in fostering a positive work environment to enhance employee performance and achieve organizational objectives.

Organisation and Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance....................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team......................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviours within an organisational
context and a given business situation....................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the study of way in which individuals interact with other
people and group within company. It is a scientific approach which can be applied at workplace
for the effective management of employees. HR (human resource) manager of the organisation
uses this concept at workplace to maximize the results gained from staff members. There are
many leadership styles and approaches used by every company to motivate the workers towards
desired goals and objectives of firm (Wickramasinghe and Perera, 2014). This project report is
based on A M (Holdings) Limited company in the United Kingdom which was incorporated in
the year 1998. The organisation supplies and produces polyester packaging products and
confectionery foils for applications. Here, various types of leadership styles and their impact on
work and organisation will be evaluated. Apart from this, many possible aspects of the teamwork
at workplace and impact of new technology over perfect team will be highlighted as well.
TASK 1
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Organisation's culture affect the norms, values, assumptions, beliefs and behaviour within
organisation. Organisation behaviour is a wide term in which many people interact within group
or teams (Mendes and Stander, 2011). Every company mainly focuses on attaining higher
profitability as well as productivity in the market. Organisational cultural plays the most
significant role in growth and development of A M (Holdings) Limited which is containers and
packaging company. Mainly, it operates their functions and activities as a holding company. The
organisation run through its manufacturing, packaging and supplying services in business market
place. The culture of firm influences employee's behaviour as well as their performance. It is the
responsibility of manager to provide effective, positive and healthy working environment to their
employees so that they can perform well at workplace.
Influence of culture on the behaviour of A M (Holdings) Limited company
Culture plays a crucial role in the growth and success of company in competitive business
environment. It is an important role of HR manager to provide a suitable working environment to
their staff members so that they can perform their work in a systematic manner. The

organisational culture can be categorised into four types as per Handy’s typology which are as
follows:
Source: In Creating A High-Value Anthrophillic Organisation, Start With Culture! Power: It helps to control and manage all tasks, activities and various functions at
workplace. It is the duty of higher authority to distribute power to right person according
to their ability so that workers can adjust properly within organisation. A M (Holdings)
Limited company can insure that power is given to that individuals who has strong
determination capability as well as skills to develop effectual decisions. In case power are
provided to people, them their obtain authority and make decisions of its own without
consulting to any one else. This aids to influence people and team as power can lead
towards attainment of goals. Team and people performance get improved while manager
have power to influence them. Role: Culture plays a great role in assigning various duties and responsibilities to each
and every member in the firm. It helps in deciding role to the right employees so that they
can perform effectively at workplace (Flodgren and et. al., 2011). Role culture impact the
Illustration 1: Handy's different culture.

individuals and team behaviours as well as the performance of the A M (Holdings)
Limited company as by this they can easily know about its role in firm and perform as
per that. Task: Every staff member of A M (Holdings) Limited company perform task at
workplace to achieve better results. Organisation is divided in many departments, so, it is
the responsibility of higher authority to assign functions as per their skills, knowledge
and abilities. The team and individuals behaviour effected through this particular culture
as all people should understand its responsibilities and duties in order to perform
effectively.
 Person: Organisational culture can be divided on the basis of persons as there are many
people who come together in firm to achieve common goals and objectives. All the
employees belong from different castes and culture but they behave according to the
norms and values of A M (Holdings) Limited company at workplace. Moreover, this
culture is executed while activities such as inequality occurs in firm then staff concentrate
towards its own task, do not concern regarding team members this minimises team and
individuals performance of the organisation.
An effective organisational culture is based on the bond of relationship among higher
authority and employees. A M (Holdings) Limited is a medium-sized organisation in the united
kingdom which is mainly a packaging firm. The A M limited company should focus on
expanding their business level through improvement in their environment and culture at
workplace. The selected firm mainly focus on their power culture for effective management to
achieve high growth as well as development in business environment.
Influence of power and politics on the behaviour of A M (Holdings) Limited company
The culture, power and politics play an important role in all types of business
organisations. HR manager should be more concerned to build an effective relationship with
their staff members to create suitable decision which is profitable for the growth and success of
firm. On the performance of individual as well as team, politics has a positive and negative
impact. Power can be defined as an ability and capability to perform any function as per their
knowledge and skills. So, it is important for higher authority of firm to control and manage
properly all elements, that is, power, politics and culture for effective management. The
organisational culture, power and politics of A M (Holdings) Limited company has involved

many aspects like skills, leadership, working environment or different attitudes of employees
(Sandman and et. al., 2012). Through effective leadership style, company can achieve their
desired goals and objectives within certain period of time.
The A M (Holdings) Limited company is focused on increasing their performance of
employees at work place through improving their knowledge, skills, ability and capabilities in
order to perform any kind of work or duty. There are many factors which can affect the
performance of firm in achieving their desired goals and objectives. Whenever firm makes any
changes at work place, it directly influence or affect the performance of both employees as well
as company. In organisation, people come together from different religions and castes to achieve
some common set of goals but at work place all employees behave same according to the rules,
regulations and norms of company. To achieve higher profitability and productivity, HR
manager of company tries to motivate employees towards work so that they can execute task and
activities in well planned manner.
ORGANISATIONAL POWER:
Power can be defined as an ability and capability to perform any function as per their
knowledge and skills. So, it is important for higher authority of firm to control and manage
properly all elements, for effective management. With help of some power that are mentioned
below:
 Reward power: This is considered as an ability to facilitate people something as a
reward and ask them to do task in exchange of it. A M (Holdings) Limited company can
utilise this particular power to inspire staff for developing their performance through
providing few types of rewards like bonus, incentives and so on. It will effect the team
and individuals behaviour as by this they are satisfied and feel encouraged to perform
effectually.
 Expert power: It is the power of knowledge. This generally comes from expert skills and
knowledge. This means that expert determinant the another person behaviours. Thus, A
M (Holdings) Limited company managers has to appropriate knowledge so that it can
direct its associates effectually. In case team and people has more knowledge, then its

behaviours can effect as effective knowledge individuals and team can facilitate good
cognition about task so that it can perform work with interests.
Organisational politics:
It is the unofficial, informal efforts to sell ideas, increase power and attain other targeted
goals. Many times staff are concerned with politics which influence individuals and team
performance. Politics impacts the environment of the A M (Holdings) Limited company which
results in reducing efficiency of firm and workers. Moreover, effects the behaviours of team and
individuals that are mentioned below:
Reduce productivity:
Politics slow down the team and individuals productivity. This plays not to pay more
attention towards work. By this staff fail to accomplish target at particular time duration.
Maintain decorum:
By politics, decorum of the company can be maintained. This effect the people and team
behaviour, in case effective decorum is arranged them team and people perform with their
interest towards the attainment of objectives.
TASK 2
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation can be defines as a tool or process which is used by the HR manager of every
company to enhance employee's abilities as well as capabilities so that they can execute their
tasks in a better way. It is important for the manager to know the requirements of employees to
motivate them. Motivation plays a significant role in the success and growth of company through
which employee's capabilities can be enhanced so that they can give their best to achieve goals
and objectives of company. There are various motivation theories and techniques used by A M
(Holdings) Limited company to motivate employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy theory: This theory include five level of motivation which are basic needs,
security and safety need, social need, Self esteem and self-actualisation need. This is most
essential theory of motivation in which employees perform in proper manner when their basic
wants and needs are fulfilled in systematic form (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. 2017). All these

elements help in giving best to perform all operational activities and tasks in most effective and
efficient manner so that target can be achieved in best way.
 Physiological needs: The basic need of human being are food, cloths, water, shelter and
many more. All this are basic requirements of person for survival of life. A M (Holdings)
Limited company ensures that staff requirements are to be accomplished efficaciously for
it they can provide fair salaries to their employees. In case this requirements of staff are
fulfilled then workers are satisfy which aids them to work effectually for attaining the
organisational objectives. Security needs: After achieving basic need person want to job security and safety. So,
manager should provide job security to their employees so that they can perform well
within the organisation. In order to fulfil this needs A M (Holdings) Limited company
ensures that staff are facilitated appropriate security through giving them funds for health
and safety in complex situation. Currently, staff wants that they have to perform in
environment that provides them financial protection. For it A M (Holdings) Limited
company facilitates employees policy for retaining staff. Social needs: After achieving second stage need people look for love, belongingness,
acceptance and affections which play very important role in driving the motivation in
human behaviour. Respective firm has to ensure that whole staff are to be treated equal.
Illustration 2: Maslow's Hierarchy need theory, 2017

For it their administration have engage their employees in work for improving
relationship with other staff. This will aids them to attain social needs of the employees.
Objectives such as satisfying clients by facilitating quality product society. And many
more. Self esteem needs: In this stage employee start to desire for respect and appreciation for
their work which they are performing within as well as outside the firm. There should be
separate department in A M (Holdings) Limited which ensures that no discrimination,
bullying and harassment face by employees. Moreover, few strategies are developed and
maintained positive surroundings into firm. This strategy will develop the performance of
whole staff those who are working their, so not matter at which position they are. As
performance of workers are improved then organisational objectives can be attained
effectively.
 Self-Actualisation needs: This is last stage of this theory in which employees gain
everything whatever they wanted in their life and look to work for others. For fulfilling
this needs A M (Holdings) Limited company has to provide training programmes to its
staff so that they can enhance their skills. This will aids employees to work efficaciously.
In case workers self-actualisation requirements are accomplished then several skills are to
be utilise into task for attaining the objectives of the firm.
Herberg's Motivational theory: This theory include many factors that can create
satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction at work place such as salary, supervision, policies, values,
recognition, responsibilities and growth. This theory used by manager to identify factors which
can affect the employee's performance (Agarwal and et. al., 2012). There are two factors in this
theory i.e. hygiene or motivational factors.

Source: Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Hygiene factor: These are elements which are used by manager to satisfy employee's
needs and wants. Also, observed that all these factors are present within the organisation
or not. Example: Salary, job security, benefits and many more. A M (Holdings) Limited
company have to facilitate several hygiene factors that salary, benefits etc in order to
satisfy their requirements so that organisational objectives can be attained.
 Motivational factors: Motivation is a technique or tool through which manger can
enhance employee's abilities and capabilities to perform any task in better way. By using
this particular factors A M (Holdings) Limited company manager can maximise the
potential, capabilities of the staff. If the potential get enhanced then this wil help
respective firm to attain their objectives.
The other theories which can be used by manager is the process theory through which
ability of employee's can be increased so that they can execute their work more effectively. This
theory include Expectancy, equity and reinforcement theory.
Vroom's expectancy theory: This theory is useful to motivate employees in order to execute
their work in proper manner. The employees performance is based on their own knowledge,
skills and ability. According to this theory the level of motivation of employees is depend on
their desirability of rewards. The perception of staff members will be compared with others or
Illustration 3: Elements of Herzberg Theory.

directed to attain desired goals and objectives (Nafz and et. al., 2011). Respective firm can view
that worker objectives can be influence to give anticipated outcome in order to accomplish
objectives of organization.
Reinforcement theory: According to this theory manger should give reward to employees on the
basis of their performance in the organisation. The staff member who perform best in their work
should get reward accordingly their performance. If firm provides rewards to their employees
they feel motivated, they perform with full potential and achieve the organisational objectives.
The satisfaction level in the A M (Holdings) Limited company brings motivation in
employees which help to achieve desired goals and objectives through enhancing their ability
and power of working. There are many benefits of motivations within the organisation that are as
follows: Job Duties: With the help of motivation employees will put more efforts on their job in
attaining targeted goals as well as personal satisfaction. So, HR manager of A M
(Holdings) Limited company should focus to satisfying staff members need because
when they are satisfied they can give best to handle difficult task and activities
(Mohammad, Quoquab Habib and Alias, 2011).
 Volunteering: If employees are not satisfied from their job then there will be lack of
participation in all operational activities. The manager of A M (Holdings) Limited
company should ensure that all promising operations should be completed in time to
analyse the motivation level of employees.
TASK 3
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In every company most important task is team building through which HR manger can
manage and control all organisational work and activities efficiently. In respect of creating an
effective and positive working environment A M limited is mainly focused on adopting many
theories of management. Teams are formed in organisation to achieve high success and growth
in competitive business market place. Some of them are describes as under:
Functional team: This kind of team are formed with some specific function which are comprises
of experts from many different departments to complete any task with effectiveness (Wong,
Wong and Ngo, 2012). They organise various meetings and make discussion on the specific