Analysis of Organisational Behaviour: A David & Co Limited Report

This report delves into the intricacies of organisational behaviour, using A David & Co Limited as a case study. It examines how organisational culture, power dynamics, and political influences affect individual and team performance. The report explores various motivation theories, including content theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and process theories like Skinner's reinforcement theory, and their application in achieving organisational goals. Furthermore, it differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting key characteristics and dynamics. The report also covers different concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour and provides a comprehensive analysis of these elements within the context of the chosen organisation. The report concludes with a discussion on how these factors contribute to overall organisational success and employee satisfaction.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P 2 Contribution of content and process theories of motivation in achievement of goal...........4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation...................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour refers to the study of way through which people interact with one
another inside an organisation. In business world, this helps in understanding the behaviour of
workers and other subordinates which assists in making an effective team. Therefore, all
companies or associations should consider this term if they want to attain their predetermined
aims & objectives. The present report is designed for highlighting the significance of
organisation behaviour and its requirement for the development of an enterprise. In this context,
'A David & Co Limited' is considered which is dealing in sector of food and beverages. The
purpose of this project is to describe the organisation culture, power and politics which influence
on individual (Kitchin, 2017). Along with this, there are various motivation theory which help in
encouraging employees for achieving desired goals and targets. Also mention about different
concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour within an organisation.
TASK 1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.
Organisational behaviour is considered as the study about how individuals interact with
their team members within organisation. It includes organisation's culture, politics and power
which influences every individual, group and their performance level. All these terms plays
essential role on employees performance as they work together which is interrelated to each
other.
Power:
Power refers to ability of individual to instruct and influence them for performing
particular task. In relation to organisation, every employee have certain power on the basis of
their designations. Power has both positive as well as negative impact over organisation which
influences performance of employees (Gabriel and et. al., 2015). It is the responsibility of HR
manager to monitor whether employees are using their power in right direction or not. If misuse
of power is conducted at workplace, it may impact negatively on organisational growth. In
relation to A David & Co Limited, Impact of power is evaluated as below:
 Positive Impact of Power: Positive power provides various rights to employee such as
decision, supervising subordinates, conducting reward programs for best performers etc.
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This motivates employees to perform their job work with best outcome. For example: In
A David & Co Limited ,if employees owns power of decision making, they can work fast
without wasting their time in consulting with others. It also motivates other employees to
improve their performance level with the motive of achieving similar type of power.
Along with this, it minimizes employees turnover in organisation as manpower are
satisfied by working in their own pattern (Chumg and et. al., 2016). Negative impact of Power: Negative power is stated as when power holder does not use
his rights in appropriate direction or misbehaves with its subordinates. This type of
power demotivate employee as they works under pressure due to fear of superior. As a
result it reduces performance of employees and minimises productivity.
Politics: Organisation politics refers to the informal activities which took place at
workplace and affects performance of employees. In relation to A David & Co Limited, it is
required by its HR manager observe all activities of employee in order to identify those
employees who intentionally creates politics for achieving their personal objectives. Positive and
negative affect of politics in A David & Co Limited is described as below: Positive: Many times top management of organisation themselves creates politics at work
place for improving performance of employees. For example: Manager of A David & Co
Limited wants to improve productivity then they will develop political environment and
spread rumour about the less productive employees. This will motivate them to perform
well for proving that rumours are wrong. As a result productivity of this organisation
will directly improve in less time. This reflects that politics has is positive influence in
organisation as well.
 Negative: Negative politics affects organisational performance as employees are not able
to perform with their best efforts. It also creates negative environment at work place as
employees do not trust each other which creates communication gap between then and
leads to delay in accomplishing goals (Shore and Wright, 2015). It is required by HR
manager of A David & Co Limited to convey all rules and regulation to employee. This
will minimise their internal communication about queries related to policies and assures
that employees focus only on their work.
Culture: Organisational culture refers to beliefs, values, and interacting manner of
employees which contributes to all environment of organisation. The culture organisation is a
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system of shared estimation, values and beliefs that determine how an individual behaviour in
the firm. Such shared values and beliefs has directly impact on the people of the company and
indicate that how they act, behave, dress and perform their jobs. Positive and negative impact of
culture in A David & Co Limited that are described as under:
Positive – The culture of organisation provide a framework with regard to the employees
behaviour or attitude in the workplace (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). If culture is suitable for
employees so this will create positive impact on their performance as well as company.
Negative – When employees appoint in an organisation who belongs to different culture
so they feel alone and does not adjust in the environment which create negativity among their
mind.
Handy's model of organisation culture:
It is the leading authority of organisational culture which describe various types of
culture such as power, politics, task and person. These are described as follows: Power culture – In this, there are various organisation where few people have some
powers or authorities and only they have authority to take decisions. They are one of the
most important individual of the workplace and known as decision maker. In A David &
Co Limited, some person who have power to take decision on the welfare of the
company. Task culture – In this, firm are developed who are reaching with desired goals and
resolve major issues or problems by follow task culture. In this type of culture, each team
members has contribute equal way and achieving set task in creative manner. Person culture – There are some organisation in which staff members feel that they are
most as compare to their company because it is person oriented culture (Carney, Cuddy
and Yap, 2015). A David & Co Limited sometime using this culture for motivate their
employees to treat them important.
 Role culture – It is that culture in which company manager assign roles and
responsibility to their employees as per their specification, qualification and interest.
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TASK 2
P 2 Contribution of content and process theories of motivation in achievement of goal
Motivating an employee is essential as it will help in creating a positive environment
within a venture. A David & Co Limited is a small and medium sized firm which deal in fresh
food items. Their aim is to attain good name as well as fame in the industry of food & beverages.
In order to reach this, it is very important to inspire people towards their job roles effectively and
efficiently (Schyns, 2015). Without doing the similar, this is impossible to achieve success in
business world. Thus, A David & Co Limited should consider various techniques of inspiring
staff members which is discussed below :
There are so many ways of sowing the seeds of enthusiasm and motivation in a
personnel. Content and process theories of motivation is one of the popular philosophy that can
be used by them in motivating people.
Content theory: It is considered as earliest philosophies of motivation. These are also known as
need theories as they are specifically affiliated with the basic requirements of civilians. Maslow's
Hierarchy of Needs falls under the category of content theory of motivation. American
psychologist Abraham Maslow's has presented five levels of needs which is depicted below :
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(Source: Maslow's need hierarchy theory, 2018) Physiological needs : This sates that human want to attain some fundamental facilities
i.e. water, food, home, sleep, air, etc. So, if company wants to satisfy and motivate people
who are performing at workstation, then they have to provide these basic services to their
personnels. Safety and Security : Safety needs of an individual show the desire of being safe or
secure at workplace. If company will not offer a safe environment to their members then
they may definitely get demotivated and would not work happily for the upliftment of
organisation. So, this is necessary for offering a safer and healthy surrounding to workers
in order to inspire them easily (Reb and Atkins, 2015). On the other hand, security is
associated with the secureness of the source of income i.e. job. Therefore, A David & Co
Limited should create a feeling regarding security of job within entire workforces so as to
motivate them in proper manner.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's need hierarchy theory

 Belongingness and love : Maslow's has stated that an organisation should also focus on
making an environ of social integration at working site. This will assist in satisfying and
motivating workers since they feel special by understanding themselves as a part of
corporation. Thus, owner of A David & Co Limited have to concentrate on generating an
arena of belongingness as well as love. This will surely help in inspiring employees
towards their professional duties. Esteem : Esteem means being appreciated, valued and respected by another superior
employers (Pepper, 2015). Every worker wants to receive respect and appreciation for
their hard labour. Thus, referred organisation should concentrate on this subject and
require to form an appreciation session for respecting people for their past performances
and inspiring to attain more in future.
 Self actualization : This states that each individual wish to improve or grow his or her
potential by receiving different opportunities. If company will not provide the same to
their workers, then they get dissatisfied from profession chores and starts being
demotivated. Thereby, A David & Co Limited should offer various chances of growing
professional career so that people get motivated and give their best in attaining goal of
venture.
Process theory:
The process theory is the system of ideas and thoughts which describe how entity change
and develop. It is that theory which analyse how an individual requirements will affect his
behaviours for reaching with goals and targets.
Skinner's reinforcement theory falls under the category of process theories of
motivation. This is considered as an important philosophy of motivating employees which was
developed by Gordon, 1987 in the year of 1978. This theory is based on Skinner's operant
conditioning hypothesis which states that behaviour is generally formed by the consequences of
reward management system (Sosa, Gargiulo and Rowles, 2015). According to this, company
should focus on three general rules of consequences that are listed below :
 Reward for positive behaviour helps in developing positive or optimistic behaviour
 Punishment for antagonistic behaviour weakens negative behaviour
 If there will be no punishment or reward management system, behaviour is considered as
fading.
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The process and content theory help in reaching with organisation goals and objectives in
better manner. These theories help in managing all business operations and functions for gaining
higher profitability and income. Process theory assist in creating positive environment in an
organisation and analyse employees needs and requirements.
TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
There are different types of team in A David & Co Limited which assist in working of each and
every department. Below mention are some groups :-
 Problem – solving Team – Business environment is dynamic in nature which create
several problems in working. Thus, there is requirement of problem solving team so that
working of business not get affected (Andriof and et. al., 2017). Although, such team are
temporary and involve cross functional person who are from several departments as well
possess different roles, skills. Main priority of these group is to give fast and permanent
solution of the issues.
 Work Group – It involves people who work in same division and also on similar
products. Work group is not temporary team but they are permanent who works for daily
requirement of A David & Co Limited. Persons who are involved in this primarily self-
managing because every individual person is liable for their work which results in
increasing active participation. Quality Team – This team resolve issues which gives negative impact on the
organisation efficiency and working condition. Generally these groups are temporary,
because their work only starts when problems raise in the same organisation and after
solving these there is no requirement in present time. The same teams are often cross-
functional. They come up with some unique perspective that may be overlooked by
management. Virtual Team - A virtual group can be of any type which communicates digitally rather
than in person. Easier communication tools permit managers to create teams based on
strengths and weaknesses instead of geography (Weng and et. al., 2015).
Effective Team Ineffective Team
 Effective team are those in which  Ineffective team have unclear
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Common goals and purpose of working
are clear to each and every employees.
 Role of each staff member is clarify in
relation to achieving overall goals of
business.
 Issues within team get solved by the
leader and even he/she pay attention
towards these conflict. So that it will
not become major issue in future.
 Effective team leads in enhancing staff
members motivation as well
productivity of business.
 A company brings employees together
for creating an team which are of
complementary skills and interest
towards work. Main motive of forming
groups in organisation is to dividing
workload of particular person.
objectives. In simple terms it can be
said that group members are not clarify
with the goals and purpose of working.
 Conflicts are avoided in such types of
team which may take big shape in
future.
 Most important in team there is
requirement of good relation with every
team member but ineffective group
don't have healthy relationship.
 Employees working in such teams are
not happy with their work even their
team leader don't motivate them.
In a business organisation, employees are working as their key strength who assist to
attaining future objectives and goals in a effective manner. In order to getting better outcomes,
manager of A David & co. needs to create a effective team that assist to manage work as well as
challenges easily. For building a better team, manager needs to follow such factors which helps
for future development process as -
 Establish leadership – Before making a team, it is required to establish a leadership that
assist to providing direction and guidelines for employees. Leadership assist to enhance
skills and abilities of workers through different rules and approaches. The effectiveness
of guidance maximise ability to accomplishment future objectives. Through this, A David
& co can get competitive advantages easily.
 Build relationship between different employees – A team building process requires a
positive relationship between different employees. Through this they can understand
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issues and problems that requires to resolve at the time (Bester, Stander and Van Zyl,
2015). Positive relationship between co-workers maximise confidence level of others for
facing several challenges easily. Manager of A David & co needs to conduct task
oriented programs in their organisation that assist to align positive relationship between
employees for team working approaches.
 Monitoring skills – This is a most important element of team building approach in which
senior employees requires to analyse skills of their worker for contributing responsibility
effectively to them. After the monitoring procedure, it is required to sub divide them in a
team for better learning and performing.
 Set a ground of rules for team – For making a effective team in A David & co, it is
required to build several rules and regulations for employees. Main objective of these
policies is to create a positive environment within an organisation for each individual.
Through this, employees feels dedicated toward their work as well as business objectives.
In A David & co, it is required that employees performing together in order to attaining
target objectives easily. A team working approaches assist in facing numerous challenges
collaboratively so that firm can get desirable outcomes easily. Tuckman's theory helps in a team
development procedure as -
 Forming – This is the first stage of team development approach in which employees
determine their interest in a team performance. The employees can be simply excited for
the task and challenges which leader assign to them. In this process, leader play a most
important role to monitoring skills of employees in order to distribute exact roles and
responsibilities to them (Lee, Kesebir and Pillutla, 2016).
 Storming – This is the next stage of team performing approach in which leader push the
employees against the boundaries and their comfort zone. At this stage, employees faces
numerous challenges that create several conflicts between each others. For A David & co,
it can be a effective situation in which manager and leader can provide several
responsibilities to their co -workers in order to getting competitive advantages easily. At
this situation, senior employees needs to stay positively for a team for reducing conflicts
between employees.
 Norming – This is the improvement stage on which employees understand issues and
problems of their co-workers as well as taking initiatives to resolve them easily. At this
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level, employees works to create coordination between each other so that they can
manage responsibilities and task with their mutual understanding. Performing – This is the last stage of team performance on which employees performing
hard work in order to lead their as well as organisational objectives effectively. Worker
of an organisation feels easy to be a part of team (Elsmore, 2015). In this procedure
leader and manager of firm play crucial role to build a positive team on the basis of their
requirement and need.
 Adjourning - When the task of the team has been completed after that team will
automatically dissolved. In this time, team leader mainly focus on dissolve the teams, for
instance planning an official farewell function.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation
Organisation behaviour is the study of the people behaviour and actions which interact
with large groups or team. Generally, this study implement for developing more effective
business operations in proper manner. It is important for managing effective team so this will
assist in evaluating or understanding person behaviour and analyse how they behave in different
situations. Path goal theory is described as under:
Path goal theory - The theory was developed by Robert House and its roots in the
expectancy theory of motivation. This theory helps in to to provide clear direction, set high
goals, which helps in to achieve desired objectives. It assist in to encourage and support their
followers to attain their goals by setting up a path they should take clear and easy way. Path goal
theory guides in how to motivate their employees through perception which leads to their efforts
and perform in better way (Tangaraja and et. al., 2015). It helps in to get a correct path while
performing their own task. There are four types of leadership style which are described under
follow as: Directive leadership – The behaviour of directive leaders are define as expected level of
performance and certain procedures or process the subordinates to follow the desired
goals and targets. In addition to this, such type of leaders identify the need of followers,
help in improving their performance and completing each task within given time period.
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