Organisational Behaviour: Leadership, Culture, and Motivation Analysis

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of organisational behaviour, examining the intricate interplay between leadership styles, organisational culture, and motivational theories. Through a comprehensive analysis, the report explores the structures and cultures of businesses, specifically referencing City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car. It dissects various leadership approaches, including autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire styles, and their impact on employee behaviour and team dynamics. Furthermore, it explores key organisational behaviour theories, such as human relations and classical approaches, and their practical applications. The report also analyses motivational practices, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and their role in fostering a productive and engaged workforce. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights into the factors shaping workplace dynamics and organizational success.

Organisation
Behaviour

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Task 1.........................................................................................................................................4
AC 1.1....................................................................................................................................4
AC 1.2....................................................................................................................................5
AC 1.3....................................................................................................................................6
TASK 2......................................................................................................................................6
AC 2.1....................................................................................................................................6
AC 2.2....................................................................................................................................7
AC 2.3....................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3......................................................................................................................................8
AC 3.1....................................................................................................................................8
AC 3.2....................................................................................................................................9
AC 3.3..................................................................................................................................10
Task 4.......................................................................................................................................11
AC 4.1..................................................................................................................................11
AC 4.2..................................................................................................................................11
AC 4.3..................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
References................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Business organisations have witnessed revolutionary development in the corporate
culture and structure along with people and operations. The study of organisational behaviour
is becoming more intriguing with situational factors (Banerjee, 2014). With considerable
change in the emerging employment relationships and cross culture environment, it has
become requisite for managers of the companies to lay its concern over the field of
organisational behaviour. The current article hereby throws light over effective operations of
firms, culture, structure, motivational theories, different leadership styles and behaviour of
individuals with the case study of City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car. It will also provide
the overview of style of management and nature of groups which can influence the behaviour
of workforces and effectiveness of team.
TASK 1
AC 1.1
The phenomenon of the organisational structure depicts the systematic work flow of
authorities and their working roles. The command of business activities is planned, organized
and directed with the effective structure of the firm (Clay-Williams and Braithwaite, 2015).
There are various kinds of structures which can be discussed with the reference of City
College and Enterprise Car Rental. In accordance to the case study, the college is privately
owned by its principal who has split the operational functions into three departments to meet
the set of objectives and goals. Moreover, Enterprise Car Rental is the world's largest car-
hiring company which is looking forward to recruit efficient and self-motivated candidates
for its business. Both organisations has different culture and structure, which are as follows: Tall and flat structure: The complex organisations, such as Enterprise Car Rental has
tall structure whereby there are large number of levels of management. On the other
hand, City College has flat structure as there are fewer hierarchy of authorities that
emphasize on the empowering students as well as staff-members (Fein and et.al.,
2015).
 Long and short chains of commands: Enterprise Call Rental having tall structure
comprises of long chain of commands as there are more than 75000 employees over
there so it is necessary to have long controlling chain. However, in the case of City
College, there are short chains of commands in which focus is given on the
empowerment of staff-members to develop and grow them.

Organisation culture can be define as set of attributes, beliefs and values which are shared in
the company to set a level of performance and working environment. Different forms of
culture in accordance to the Charles Handy are as follow: Power: In this culture, power is held under the influence of some specific people
within the organisation, such that only those persons are authorized to make decisions.
In City College, the principal hold the power to make crucial decision for the welfare
of students as well as each functional unit. Task-oriented: In Enterprise Car Rental, employees are provided with specific targets,
which need to be attained in the given time period. Thus, in order to achieve a
particular task or accomplish a project, task-oriented culture is adopted within the
workplace. Role: In this culture, each employee and staff-member have their roles and
responsibilities to perform in accordance to their specialisation, qualifications, skills
and knowledge, like in enterprise Car Rental.
 Person: Here, employees can feel their importance, as entire focus is given on them.
In City College, teachers and HR managers are more concerned about their roles,
likewise, the employees of Enterprise Car Rental.
AC 1.2
Organisational culture and structure of a business corporation are significantly linked
to each other, substantially affect the performance of employees. If a firm is able to maintain
the effectiveness of culture along with the structure, then it will become easy to acquire
competitive advantage and attract customers (Myers, 2016). As City College has flat structure
which is split into three departments; teaching, human resource management and
administration department, whereby each staff-member possess their own duty to perform,
thus role and power culture need to be implemented to achieve growth and success. The
working style of employees be according to the culture and structure of the college, according
to which serious objectives can be attained.
However, Enterprise has tall structure, whereby there are over 75000 employees, as
each employee is provided with specific task and project to influence customers, sell products
and earn profitability. The Enterprise is having long chains of commands which reflects the
definite structure. Moreover, it has a belief to take care of employee and consumers first, so
that profitability will automatically get followed. Thus, employees are complied to treat their

customers well and delver great services, which will lead to the growth and progress in a
significant manner.
AC 1.3
The way a person addresses the issues and problems in the team or in a group of
business people is influenced by numerous factors, some of these are mentioned below: Attitude: It is an abstract response of a person over different situations in the
workplace (Kansal, 2015). The employees of City College and Enterprise Car Rental
can have different attitudes which might develop from indifferences among them in
the form of intelligence, arrogance and etc. Culture and working environment: An organisation's working environment highly
influence the moods of employee working there. The Enterprise Car Rental
considerably look over the motivational practices in the workplace to motivate their
employees and deliver better customer services.
 Perception: The intellectual process of interpreting something can give rise to
perception. Perception of employee in the workplace can be set by its surroundings
and working environment. The workforces of both enterprises can have varied
perception about the kind of management and leadership style.
 Abilities: An employee is valued on the basis of their qualities, talent and work-based
knowledge in an organisation, thus, this is also a major reason which create
competitiveness among people, like staff-members of City College can be affected by
each other.
TASK 2
AC 2.1
The managers and leaders of both cited organisations can adopt different styles of
leadership, which are as follows: Autocratic leadership: Under the influence of this leadership, autocratic leaders make
their decisions on their own and do not consult other employees or staff-members to
provide their input. For instance, in the case of City College all important decisions
are taken by its principal to attain serious objectives and goals (Wery and Thomson,
2013).

 Democratic leadership: Employees' feedback, reviews, ideas and thoughts are taken
in the decision making process, which tends to enhancer the morale of employees.
Also they get high level of job satisfaction (Leadership Theories: The 8 Major
Leadership Theories. 2016). The Enterprise Car Rental has participative leadership as
people of each level of management encouraged to participate in the business
activities and decision process, so as to enhance motivation level.
 Laissez-faire: Under the causation of this leadership, team members are allowed to set
their own targets and deadlines to achieve desired set of goals. However, team leaders
provide little assistance and advice to them, sue to which employee get highly
motivated. Like in Enterprise Car Rental, managers can rely upon the act of decisions
of employees with the context of customer engagement and other services.
AC 2.2
Organisational theory effectively underpins the management practices of business
corporations (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2012). Different theories and approaches have designed by
OB practitioners to bring significant changes in the management style of firm along with
human behaviour. The following approaches and theories need to implement in the The
Enterprise Car Rental and City College in order to make strong relationship between
employees and organisation: Human Relations: A framework that focus on the social factors, leadership, groups,
and behaviour of people within the workplace. The City College can adopt this
approach in an effective manner to attain serious objectives. Classical approach: This approach particularly lay its emphasis on the hierarchy of
management, formal structure, purposes and principles of business enterprise.
 Systematic approach: It is combination of both human relations and classical
approaches which lay its concern over the social-technological elements of business
world. The Enterprise can effectively implement this approach and can maintain its
position in the competitive global marketplace.
Furthermore, an leadership and management style name, Theory X and Theory Y that
are based on the human nature also need to imposed in the workplace. Theory X focus on the
people who have negative perception about work and organisational purpose gaols, thus it
leads to autocratic kind of management style. On the other hand, Theory Y caters higher

commitments of employee to accomplish the set of desired goals. Thus, all these cited theory
underpins the management practices.
AC 2.3
The Enterprise Car Rental and City College can use different approaches and theories
of management by focusing in the effective decision making process. Some leadership
theories are s follows:
Behaviour theories: According to this theory, leaders are aimed to enhance the
qualities, capabilities and abilities of employees. The Enterprise Car Rental can provide
development and training sessions to its employees and staff-members regarding change
management and new techniques. Thus, leaders develop a taxonomy of set of actions among
employees.
Trait theories: It identifies specific traits and attributes of a leader in order to
differentiate them with others. The City College can adopt this theory of leadership, whereby
it is necessary for teachers to possess high skills and knowledgable; efficiency in human
resources managers and managerial skills in administration department (Wilmore, 2007).
In addition to this, some management theories can also be imposed within the workplace,
such as: Systematic approach: With respect to this theory, the managers and leaders of the
enterprise can throw insight on the interrelationships between workers and
organisation. The Car Rental firm can implement this aspect of management in order
to deliver high motivation level and job satisfaction among employees.
 Human Relations: A systematic set of assumptions which can be significantly
implement in the City College to improve the quality, human nature and other
subsequent elements. City college also encourage its staff-members to discuss,
implement and adapt good ideas.
TASK 3
AC 3.1
An individual can highly influenced and impacted by leadership styles. Different
forms of leadership which have implemented in the City College and Enterprise Car Rental
are as follows:

 Participative leadership: With the implications of this style of leadership, the
management of Enterprise Car Rental and City College will be enhanced, productivity
and profitability will also increases. Staff-members and employees will be highly
encouraged and motivated to perform better and obtained high returns. Autocratic leadership: No or very less involvement of employees and workers have
been taken in the decision making process, as autocratic leaders are superior enough
to make their own decisions. As a result of which, less creativity will be delivered and
employees may also feel less concerned.
 Delegative leadership: It is also known as laissez-faire leadership, which is least
preferred by any business organisation. According to this style, employees are
allowed to make their own decisions and set deadlines; ;Delegative leaders rarely
involve in the management practices. Thus, Enterprise Car Rental and City College is
recommended not to adopt this leadership style, as it can affect the business
operations.
AC 3.2
Motivational practices and theories are implemented in the business organisations to
encourage and influence workforces so that they perform well and contribute in the success
of the enterprises. The following motivational theories can be effectively adopted by the City
College and Enterprise Car Rental:
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs: It comprises of five stages of the needs which can be
adopted by College and Enterprise Car Rental to encourage and motivate employees: Physiological needs: It involves basic necessities, like food, cloths and shelter which
can be delivered by providing minimum worth wages to employees. Safety: Employees always seek for job security and healthy working environment in
the workplace in order to fulfil safety needs. Social needs: In the workplace, employees and workers seek for social love and
supportive attitude from their team leaders, colleagues and peers, which will boost up
their morale. Self-esteem: An individual also desired for recognition and achievement for their
excellent performance and behaviour in the workplace.

 Self-actualisation: When all desires of an individual fulfilled then he/she seeks for
self-fulfilment, morality and an identity.
City College and Enterprise Car Rental can fulfil the demands and needs of employees by
availing motivating practices in the workplace, such as offering flexibility, minimum worth
ages, proper facilities, luxuries and work-life balance approach (Understanding management
and leadership styles Checklist 256. 2015).
Moreover, Theory X and Theory Y can also be implemented in the workplace of City
College and Enterprise Car Rental.
Theory X: under the influence of this theory, the manager and leader of Enterprise Car
Rental can supervise their workers and team members which involves strict actions and set of
rules. An autocratic leadership can be implemented in the workplace to reduce the negative
thoughts of employees.
Theory Y: In accordance to this approach, positive attitude can be developed among
employees to work hard and gain benefits. The branch manager of the Enterprise Car Rental
need to encourage its team members to deliver better customer services (Mangi and et. al.,
2015.).
AC 3.3
The Enterprise Car Rental can adopt Theory X and Theory Y which will efficaciously
motivate employees to deliver high level of customer services and set standards for them, so
that they can make improvements in their set of skills and qualities. However, with the
implication of autocratic leadership style can also motivate the staff-members to some extent.
In contrast to this, Maslow's theory of needs also motivate the people of City College by
availing them all facilities and fulfilling their needs and demands. In addition to this,
employees of Enterprise Car Rental will also get motivated if their manager offer them
substantial rewards and facilities (Du, Swaen, Lindgreen and Sen, 2013). Employees who
lack work-based qualities are required to provided with training and development sessions, so
that they can participate in the change management process and effective decision making.
Thus, managers or leaders need to implement effective practices of motivations in the
workplace , so that morale of employees can increase.

TASK 4
AC 4.1
Groups of people of similar objectives and interests can be formed in enterprises to
attain desired goal. There can be two kinds of groups formed in the workplace of City college
and enterprise car rental: Informal: Employees can openly discuss and share their views and thoughts on some
particular topic by forming an informal group on the grounds of affinity and
friendship. In Enterprise Car Rental, employees can make informal groups and
maintain their relationship (Hafford-Letchfield, 2013).
 Formal: It comprises of structured group of people, who have to accomplish common
tasks to attain success and growth. Like, City College has group of teachers, human
resource manager and administrators who perform their specific duties.
However, team of people can also affect the work progress and productivity of the
enterprises, as one negative step of an employee can influence the whole task or project.
Also conflicts can be arises because of difference in thoughts and working styles.
AC 4.2
Interpersonal dynamics plays crucial role in the achievement of common goals and
objectives. In the corporate world, many factors are there which can affect the performance of
team, like: Communication system: Efficient process of communication can enhance the
effectiveness of team. The Enterprise Car Rental has implemented 'open door policy'
for employees in order to exchange ideas, thoughts and views by direct contact with
senior authorities. Cohesiveness: It is also considered as important factor which determines the extent of
cohesiveness among employees of organisations (N, P. 2015). Each operational
department of the City College is required to maintain good rapport among
themselves as well as encourage employees to bring new ideas or growth and
development. However, the lack of cohesiveness can affect the willingness of
employees, an can be cause of stress and depression. Homogeneity: Both City College and Enterprise Car Rental are requisite to balance
the groups of homogeneous and heterogeneous of people in the workplace. The

Enterprise Car Rental have diversified background of people, thus it is necessary to
maintain the homogeneity which can be obtained by emergence of cohesiveness
among workers, staff-members and employees (Clay-Williams and Braithwaite,
2015). If enterprises are lacking homogeneity then, conflicts can be arise, which will
immensely affect the working performance of employees along with productivity.
 Group thinking: It is essential for workforces to have group thinking skills, as it will
lead to success. Employees of Enterprise Car Rental have single vision to cater high
customer services to its customers first, rather than emphasizing on earning profits.
So, by having single vision and mission, firms can attain significant outcomes.
AC 4.3
Technological advancement is immensely impacting the ways of organising a
business. In the 21st century, the demand for jobs and needs of employees in the workplace
with the influence of modernisation. Moreover, IT is also improving the quality and quantity
of information and data. Communication systems is get enhanced which tend to reduce the
stress and work pressure among employees. There are various devices like, cell phones, voice
mails, emails and others which can be used by both City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car.
Both enterprises can enhance its management and business operations by adopting effective
way of communication. Also, City College can utilize opportunities to establish digitalized
system for students so that they can learn better. In context of Enterprise Rent-a-Car,
managers can implement better techniques of performance management to measure the
quality of performance of employees (Robbins, 2016). In addition to this, they also provided
with the frequent sessions on the aspects of change management to adopt modernised
technologies in an effective manner.
CONCLUSION
Evidently, it can be concluded from the above study that both corporations, City
College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car need to effectively broaden the scope of organisational
behaviour within the workplace in the current working scenario. It is also seen from the
above unit that OB practitioners is requisite to render proper training and guidance to
employees regarding new practices and technologies. Moreover, effective motivational
practices should be implemented in the workplace of enterprises so that employees can be
motivated and encouraged to enhance productivity.

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