Organisational Behaviour Report: Leadership, Motivation and Teamwork

This report delves into the realm of organisational behaviour, focusing on the company 4com PLC. It investigates the impact of societal factors, politics, and power dynamics on individual and team behaviour within the workplace. The report explores various strategies for motivating employees, incorporating motivational theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Additionally, it examines Handy's Cultural Typology to understand different organizational structures. The report also differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, analyzing factors that contribute to successful teamwork. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of behavioral psychology and emotional intelligence in fostering a positive and productive work environment. This analysis provides insights into leadership, motivation, and team dynamics to improve workplace productivity and achieve organizational goals.

Organisational Behaviour

INTRODUCTION
In a business organisation, getting people on a single platform for making them work for
attaining a common goal is stated as organisational behaviour. In simple words, the behaviour of
people towards their work allocated and performance level which they give in workplace. Main
motive behind this kind of study is to determine the areas which need improvement and thus,
fulfilling those gaps and enhancing productivity (Adeniji, 2011). A company can achieve its
growth and success if their employee management is effectual in nature. Company chosen for
this report is 4com PLC which was established in 1999 with the purpose of enhancing
telecommunications in UK market. This company is headquartered in Bournemouth, Dorset. In
this report, impact of politics, culture and power on the behaviour of individual and team will be
discussed. Moreover, various ways by which employees can be motivated will be briefed with
the help different motivational theories. Besides this, different concepts and philosophies of
organisational behaviour will also be highlighted.
TASK 1
P1. Impact of Society, Politics and power of an enterprise
In an organisation, workplace is considered as a roof where various people come together
from different regions with different mind-set in order to attain common aim and objectives. The
reactions and way people behave while this process is said to be as organisation structure.
Another essential element can be said as the culture of firm under which performance level and
styles of learning are determined. Moreover, there are various multi-national companies like
4com PLC that focus on creating and establishing ethical working environment which provides
the ways in which strategies can be applied (ARI, 2010). Determination can be done on in
following ways: Role: Managers often focus on maintaining the performance level of staff members and
for that, they allocate the tasks and objectives as per skills and capabilities. Power: Cultural environment can be formed in an effectual manner by bounding the
power in single hand or body that can maintain the decorum and lead everyone towards
their respective objectives.
 Person: Employees who are working at the workplace generally come from various
places and follow different cultures. Thus, they are classified in the best possible manner.
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Besides this, employees of 4com PLC and their performance are basically affected by the
relations with higher authority. Therefore, from the above explained elements, it can be said that
if working environment is healthy and comfortable in nature then the performance level of
employees will definitely get improved.
Power and politics are two terms which are interrelated with each other in company and
they also play a vital role in decision making process. Mostly, in MNCs, managers of company
use this kind of approach in both positive and negative manner with the purpose of manipulating
and influencing workers (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). When the power is being implemented and
applied in the nature of environment of organisation it is said to be politics. This is present in
almost every kind of organisation including 4com PLC. This in turn helps company to create
positive as well as negative impact and sometimes, it brings obstacles with it because it is not
necessary that every employee is fully satisfied with the environment of company and this in turn
changes the mind-set of people. Thus, politics and power are being used for own state of
benefits.
The motive behind utilising politics element by organisation is to take out best of
employees and determine areas in which they need training sessions (Collings, Scullion and
Vaiman, 2011). For the medium scale business like 4com PLC, these kinds of elements can help
company to attain growth and success. This is highly essential for the firm to utilise this element
effectually so that set objectives can be attained in an appropriate manner. Below described are
the ways which can be utilised by 4com PLC: Abilities: There are certain situations arise when an employee feels that partiality and
biased nature is happening with him\her so, in order to avoid that, staff members can be
differentiated as per knowledge and skills. Leadership: Leaders and managers are two different essential parts who work on the
common goal that is providing ways and guidelines through which employees can
achieve tasks and objectives of firm (Coccia, 2014). In order to extract the best from
workers, determination is required of actual needs and wants of staff members and thus
satisfying them in effective manner by 4com PLC group. Leaders need to be there for his\
her team members so that day to day operations can be conducted in an appropriate
manner.
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 Attitude: Decision making power of an individual can be highly influenced by the attitude
of manager towards employee and decision making process. Working Environment: In order to take out the best from employee, it is firstly important
for a company’s manager that working environment which is provided to them must be
healthy and positive as well as they should feel safe and secured. If these kinds of
elements are present in 4com PLC then high performance level can be seen (Dickens,
ed., 2012).
Handy’s Cultural Typology:
In the year 1999, Charles Handy proposed the theory of structure and this is being
classified into four kinds which are described as below: Role Culture: Highly experienced managers along with capabilities can determine the
skills of employees and then after that, they can allocate tasks and activities to then so
that optimum utilisation of resources can be obtained. This kind of framework aids
employees of company to feel motivated and show effective performance. Thus, they can
prepare their mind to face any kind of situation and other challenges. Task Culture: There are teams structured and their framework enables them to attain the
set aim and objectives of firm. Generally, in every organisation, teams are formed by the
managers who gather individuals who have different culture and they all are assigned
with some duties which they need to perform in allocated time period (Gabriel and et. al.,
2015). This can be done in an effective manner if all the members of team work with
unity and give equal contribution in the job along with innovative ideas for achievement
of tasks and objectives in an efficient manner.
 Individual Culture: Now-a-days, staff members are the essential assets of company. In
this kind of scenario, an employee mainly focuses on achieving his\her own aim and
objectives and this in turn may hamper the productivity and profitability ratio of company
(Kazemipour and Mohd Amin,2012).
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TASK 2
P2 Content and process hypothesis of motivating and methods
Motivation is something which is being utilised by the company to give boost to the
mentality level as well as performance level of employee so that aims and objectives can be
attained in effective manner. There are two types of types of motivation and they are:
1. Intrinsic Motivation: This kind of approach states that motivation is coming from the
inside of an employee and the reason behind this kind of motivation is that the actual
desires and wants to perform task as the results which will be obtained will be expected
and thus will bring happiness (Kellison and Mondello, 2011).
2. Extrinsic Motivation: It is just the opposite of the above stated type of motivation. In this
kind, motivation comes from outside like it is given by someone or taken form the
surrounding environment. It is basically external in nature.
Illustration 1: Motivational Theories
(Source: Motivation, 2016)
There are two types of motivation institutional theories which can be
adopted by 4Com PLC and they are described below:
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Content Theory: They are further divided into four main parts and they
are: Maslow's Need Hierarchy: This kind of theory states that stats that its
is human tendency that if the needs and wants are being fulfilled then
the performance level will be high. There are some basic needs which
needs to be fulfilled first like food, clothes , shelter. After getting all
these kind of needs, then the person can move onto next stage that is
getting financially secured and apart from that another important
need is that getting someone who can give emotional support like
love, friendship and physical needs which can bring the confidence
and respective nature (Kinicki and et. al., 2014). Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Motivation can be given to an
individual by allocating the tasks and activities and thus in turn it can
help out in maximising the job satisfaction. But there are some various
elements present and they can affect in negative manner like policies,
salary, working environment and many others. Managers have to play
essential role and responsibilities by determining the factors which
are affecting an individual's job satisfaction and thus turning them
into positive elements.
 Alderfer's ERG Theory: This theory is divided into three parts and
those are: creating needs, connection needs and growing needs. This
kind of approach basically tells to satisfy the needs and wants so that
healthy relations can be kept to everyone and thus can get internal
peace (Kitchin, 2017).
Process Theory: This kind of approach states about implementation of
motivational styles in working environment and this can be classified into
various process and they are: Vroom's Expectancy Theory: In this kind of approach it is stated that
every individual who is an employee in an organisation has actual
needs and wants which needs to be fulfilled and satisfied. It also focus
on providing effective tools and techniques which can be used to
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enhance the performance level of employee along with skills and
knowledge. Adam's Equity Theory: It is highly essential to give equal importance
to every employee so that it does not bring the feeling of left alone.
Treating equally to everyone will enhance the production level of
company.
Implications of Motivational theory within 4Com PLC group for
accomplishing its Institutional aims :
Staff members of citied firm can work in best shape then only when they have the
motivational factor with them (Lumley and et. al., 2011). This kind of theories can be
implemented by giving them proper training and development sessions along with satisfying
them by fulfilling their actual needs and wants. Another way it can be implemented by providing
them various bonus in festivals, annual appraisal and many other so that they can give their best
and attain objectives within allocated period of time.
Behavioural Psychology: Emotional intelligence is something which is considered as capability
of an individual to recognise their emotions and other as well so that label can be done as per
feelings and thus emotional information can be used for later purpose.
Soft skills are highly essential as it helps ton open up the door for various opportunities. They are
important so an individual must adopt it so that they can behave ethically and can uplift their
image and goodwill and thus can gain higher position with everybody's concern.
TASK 3
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Apart from this, there are some difference between effective teams with ineffective team are as
follows:
Powerful group and in addition bunches assist business association with attaining set objectives
and goals. It additionally helps in decreasing the odds of emerging any sort of issue and clashes
among colleagues. Alongside this, all the assignment and its targets are obviously acknowledged
by whole individuals from group by which they effectively play out their errand and accomplish
positive results.
Insufficient group is framed according to concurred perspective in which colleagues are play out
their assignment rapidly. In this all the choice taken according to voting of colleagues.
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Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Underlying goals In this, there are various
objectives which needs to be
understood and acceptable for
every team member.
In this, tasks and objectives are
hard to understand by group
members.
Member contribution There is much more discussion
for every team member who
mainly participate and contribute.
There is the dominating feature
and thus they mainly not
contribute in every team
effectively.
Listening Opinions are being shared along
with listening to others for
getting ideas.
In this people does not listen to
other ideas and views. Along with
this, ideas of the people mainly
stay hidden.
Decision making Decision are being taken by all
the group members as per the
agreement.
In this all the decision are taken
as per prematurely without
resolved any issues.
Leadership Leader is the chairperson of the
team who mainly provides the
better level of motivation.
Under this, chairperson has both
weak and strong features which
can lead the team members.
Self evaluation There is the high discussion in
which all the team members
enhance the level of
performance.
Discussion are being avoided in
ineffective team for reducing the
level of performance for the
people.
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TASK 4
P4 Theories of institutional activeness and problems which impact execution
There are two various elements which are being directly affected by the behavioural of
organisation. Managers of 4com PLC are highly benefited from this kind of approach and thus
they utilise it by analysing the actual needs and wants of employees and thus they fulfil them into
effective manner and growth can take place. Training and development is being provided with
the purpose of developing the employees and enhancing their set of skills and knowledge so that
their performance level can be improved and they can be enabled to establish long term relations
with the company as well. Strategies which are being used by the company fro marketing needs
to be improved so that more deep study can be conduced and thus it can enables staff members
can determine the customer's behaviour (Theories of Motivation. 2015). 4Com PLC can establish
healthy and comfortable environment in order to apply organisational culture.
Path Goal Theory: This can be considered as blue print of particular theories of
leadership which can be implemented on different kind of situation within the workplace for
attainment of goals. The main motive is to engage the employees by allotting them certain tasks
and activities so that production can be maximised. Moreover, this kind of theory is interlinked
with Vroom's theory is interrelated with Path goal Theory which states there will be different
reactions to different situations for attaining the desired outcomes. This method is being chose by
leaders so that requirement of staff members can be fulfilled along with the conduction of day to
day operations. There are three steps which are being followed by them and they are:
 Tasks and Environmental Characteristics: In this kind of approach, the main focus of
leaders is on determining the elements which are related to external factors and those
directly affect the performance level of the company. It is their duty to extract those
factors and remove them in such manner that it wont bother for long period of time. It
includes designing and task description, group work and authority system.
 In most cases it will be observed that most of the employees will follow the footmarks
of their leaders so that their skills and knowledge can be enhanced and thus they can
get proper motivation and confidence for working (Tuckman Forming Storming
Norming Performing model. 2015).
Obstacles affecting Individuals and Team Performance:
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