Organisational Behaviour and Leadership: Marks & Spencer Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour and leadership within Marks & Spencer (M&S), a major British multinational retailer. The report begins with an introduction to the concept of organisational behaviour and leadership, followed by a description of M&S, its mission, vision, values, and objectives. The main body of the report delves into the organisational behaviour issues faced by M&S, including the challenges of a dynamic business environment and demotivated staff members. A literature review explores the application of relevant theories, such as Lewin's Change Management Model and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, to address these issues. The report evaluates potential solutions and concludes with recommendations for improving the situation, offering strategies to enhance employee motivation and manage organisational change effectively. The report emphasizes the importance of adapting to environmental changes and fostering a motivated workforce to achieve organisational goals.

Organisational
behaviour and
leadership

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction to the organisation.........................................................................................................3
Description and analysis of organisational behaviour issues.............................................................4
Literature review – overview of application theories to the identified issue......................................5
Evaluation of possible alternative solution required for improving the situation...............................8
Recommendations of most suitable strategy......................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of human behaviour in organizational
settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organization, and the organization
itself. Main goals of organizational behaviour are to revitalize organizational theory and
develop a better conceptualization of organizational life(Macdonald, Burke and Stewart,
2018). Apart from this, leadership is the procedure through which leader can direct, guide a
well as influence behaviour and work of others staff towards achieving goals within specific
time duration. In addition to this, Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the
subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.
This report is based on Marks & Spenser Group plc is major British multinational
retailer whose headquarter is located at Waterside House, 35 North Wharf Road, Paddington
London, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1884 by Michael marks and Thomas Spencer as
well as M&S currently has 959 stores across the UK, including 615 which are only selling
food products. In addition to this, respective organisation is specialised in selling high quality
clothing, home as well as food products. Respective research report will going to overview
company along with it organisational behaviour issues will going to elaborate. Furthermore,
theory will going to be implement for identifying issue which company is facing. Instead of
this solutions are also given to overcome with the issue company is going along with
recommendation on best.
MAIN BODY
Introduction to the organisation
Marks & Spenser Group plc is major British multinational retailer whose headquarter
is located at Waterside House, 35 North Wharf Road, Paddington London, United Kingdom.
It was founded in 1884 by Michael marks and Thomas Spencer as well as M&S currently has
959 stores across the UK, including 615 which are only selling food products. In addition to
this, respective organisation is specialised in selling high quality clothing, home as well as
food products. Mission, values, vision and objectives of Mark & Spenser’s are as follows :-
Mission – It is the statement which reflect what the organisation business is as well as
their key purpose, thus, Mark & Spenser Mission is to make inspirational quality accessible
to others.

Vision – Mark and Spencer vision is to be the standard against which others are
measured- Benchmarking.
Value – These are beliefs as well as norms of an organisation. M&S underpin
objectives, policies and procedures as company acts as an anchor and reference point for all
the activity in the organisation. Mark and Spencer Values are Quality, Service, innovation
and trust (Hackett and et. al., 2018).
Key Objectives – There are some key objectives of Mark & Spenser’s explanation of
these are as follows :-
 Employee orientation – Staff members are the one who contribute more to the
organisation as well as in its succession management. Thus, it is essential for Mark &
Spenser to develop career path for their personnel’s. It’s part of respective
organisation to attract, motivate as well as retain high calibre staff because they are
the one who assist transformation of the business and deliver improved performance.
 Organisational objectives – Mark & Spencer organisational objective is to regain
their leadership within clothing as well as specialty food (Littrell and et. al., 2018).
These objective can accomplish by translating their scale as well as authority into
superior quality, value and appeal.
 Sales objectives – It has been believed by Mark & Spenser that there are several ways
through which they can increase their sales. Thus, for accomplishing sales objectives
it is important for respective organisation to focus on their operational objectives.
Description and analysis of organisational behaviour issues
Organisational behaviour is simply study of the individual act within group. Principle
of organisation behaviour are applied primary in working of an organisation for making their
operation more effective. There are several area of research involved with this such as
improving job performance, increasing job satisfaction, promoting innovation as well as
encouraging leadership. In addition to this each has its own recommendation action like
modifying compensation structure, organising group changing method of performance
evaluation and many more. Apart from this organisation behaviour assist in Understanding
organisation as well as staff members in better manner (Sendjaya and et. al., 2019). When
there is good relation at and understanding between organisation and its staff members at
assist in developing friendly environment or relationship between both of them. In simple
term it can be said that implementation of proper organisation behaviour results in creating

healthy environment within company and results and accomplishing their goals with an
effective manner and also and require time duration. There are several importance of proper
organizational behaviour which Mark & Spenser can gain. Explanation of these are as
follows :-
 OB assist in motivating staff members - in an organisation study of OB help manager
and leader in motivating their staff members which reserves in good organisational
performance (Harling, 2018). As it is simple every individual is distinct from each
other in relation to that organisation behaviour assist manager implement suitable
motivational tool as well as technique as per the nature of individual personal full stop
in addition to this it help achieving organisational goals and objectives in effective
manner.
 Effective utilisation of human resources - Organisation behaviour help Mark and
Spencer in effective utilisation of their human resource. Enable managers to inspire as
well as motivate staff member for higher productivity and better results as manager is
able to analyse and understand nature of behaviour of their staff members.
Apart from this, there are several organisational challenges which Mark and Spenser facing
now a days such as business environment is dynamic in nature due to several modification
take place within working of respective organisation which require to implement
modification within their working. When an business firm implement changes within their
working staff members feel demotivated as they have to learn new things and have to work
on them (Mansouri, Singh and Khan, 2018). Thus, there are mainly two major challenges
which Mark & Spenser is facing such as modification in business environment as well as
demotivated staff members.
Literature review – overview of application theories to the identified issue
As discussed above that Mark & Spenser is going through organisational behaviour
issue i.e., business environment changes and demotivated staff members. In relation to this
theoretical framework are implemented explanation of this are as follows :-
Change management model - For Marks and Spencer it is important to manage
change as well as implement change strategies in effective manner. Because business
environment is dynamic and several changes take place within that which requires suitable
strategy to be implement because it affect overall working of an organisation. Along with this
Change management is an ongoing procedure that take time comma dedication, expertise as

well as efforts to implement and run it. This requires to involve staff members as well as
other people of company because they are the one who are affected by these changes. In
relation to this Marks and Spencer have to implement Lewin's Change management model as
it is one of the most well known and effective model which make possible for an organisation
to understand organisation and structural changes (Seong and Hong, 2018). This model was
designed by Kurt Lewin in 1950 implemented by several organisation for managing changes
in effective manner. This model consists three main stages that is unfreeze change and freeze.
Explanation of these in relation to Marks and Spencer are as follows :-
 Unfreeze - first state of Change management model include preparation for the
changes. This simply means that Marks and Spencer should have to get prepare for
the modification as well as also for the fact that changes is important and also
required for company. Unfreeze face is essential because most of the people around
word try to resist changes it is important to break such status. Main reason of unfreeze
stage is to explain why Marks and Spencer have to change their existing way for
bringing out profit in more effective manner (O'Grady, 2018). This first app also
include and organisational looking into score and re-examining it. Thus, manager of
Marks & Spenser have to give knowledge about their modification to staff member
which they are going to implement.
 Change – This stage of Change management real transaction related to change take
place. This procedure take time to happen as staff member use Mili spend time to
embarrass new happenings, changes as well as development. Does Marks and
Spencer have to ensure that there should be good leadership as well as reassurance
because these both aspects are important. These aspects not only provide guidance to
Steel forward within right direction but also make entire process easy for staff
members and other individuals who are involved with in Change management
process. Communication and time management both are key for this is state results in
its success.
 Freeze - In this refreeze state changes has been accepted and implemented by staff
members as well as organisation begin to stable again. In simple term it can be said
that Marks and Spencer started working on changes which they are implemented
because of modification within a business environment. This is why this is state is
known as refreeze . Moreover this is the time when employees as well as entire
process begin to rephrase and things gone to there regular process again. In addition

to this step needs help of staff member to ensure that changes are used all the time as
well as implement it even after achievement of objectives. Staff of Marks and Spencer
get comfortable and confident for acquiring changes with their sense of stability.
Through this model manager of Mark & Spenser will able to identify issue related to
organisational behaviour which is change management. Because business environment is
dynamic in nature and several modification take place because of that company also have to
implement modification as per requirement (Carleton, Barling and Trivisonno, 2018).
Apart from this, another issue through which Mark & Spenser going on is
Demotivated staff member (Hunt and Fitzgerald, 2018). In relation of this company have to
implement motivational theory because it will help in identifying major cause behind their
demotivation in effective manner. Explanation of this are as follows :-
MASLOW’S theory of motivation - Maslow theory of motivation is also known as
Maslow hierarchy of needs. This model was developed between 1943 to 1954 and widely
published in motivational and personality in 1954. This represent mainly five step that is
physiological need coma safety need, social need, Esteem and self actualization. Is important
for an organisation to fulfil basic requirement of their staff member because not following
requirement results in employees demotivation. Marks and Spencer have to focus on all these
needs as it will help them in coming out of the organisation issue that is demotivated
employees full stop explanation of these five steps are as follows :-
 Physiological needs – It involve basic needs like air, food, water, sleep, sex and many
more (Maslow Theory of Motivation, 2019). When these are not satisfied staff
member of Mark and Spenser feel irritation, sickness, pain, discomfort etc.. These
feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis.
Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things.
 Safety needs – These needs are mainly psychological in nature and every individual
need security of home as well as family. If staff member of Mark & Spenser safety
need is not getting fulfil then they will not move to another step and have fear for
safety. Love as well as a sense of belonging are postponed when they don’t feel safe.
 Love and belongingness needs – Individual person have strong desire to affiliated by
joining a group like society, club, profession associate, regional groups, churches and
many more (Al‐Yami, Galdas and Watson, 2018). Assamese are universal need which
feels to be love and acceptance by other. In relation to Marks and Spencer it is

important to involve staff members in each and every activity included decision
making because with this feel like belonging of company.
 Esteem needs – There are essentially two types of esteem needs:self-esteem resulting
from competence or mastery of a task; and the esteem and good opinion of other
people.
 Self-actualisation needs - Maslow theory of motivation proposes that people who
have all their "lower order" needs met progress towards the fulfilment their potential.
Typically this can include the pursuit of knowledge, peace, esthetic experiences, self-
fulfilment, oneness with God, nirvana, enlightenment etc. So ultimately this is all to
do with the desire for self transcendence.
Evaluation of possible alternative solution required for improving the situation
There are several alternatives which Mark & Spenser can implement within their
working for improving organisational issues in effective manner. Explanation of these are as
follows :-
 It is important for Mark and Spencer to analyse external business environment in
effective manner on regular basis because business environment is dynamic in nature
within that several modification take place which required to be evaluate on timely
basis (Muenjohn and et. al., 2018). So that negative impact can be minimised and out
of that positive can be implemented for gaining better outcomes within working of
respective organisation. In addition to this manager and leader of Mark and Spencer
have to ensure that on regular basis they will implement changes which take place in
surroundings don't it hold it because it effect working of company in negative manner.
 Path from this another issue is related to employees demotivation so it is essential for
Marks and Spencer to work on employees because they are important part of
organisation and their activities result in accomplishing goals and objectives and
effective manner (Francis, Alagas and Jambulingam, 2018). Does there are several
strategies which respective organisation can implement within their work in for
motivating staff members such as fulfilling basic requirement, job satisfaction and
many more.
 There are several other ways through which Mark and Spencer can motivate their
staff member as they have to involve employees in decision making process. Because
of this staff member feel like part of an organisation which results in their motivation

and they will work in more effective manner that help in increasing productivity as
well as profitability of an organisation.
 Along with this Marks and Spencer have to implement some monetary and non
monetary benefits for their employees motivation such as incentives, holiday
packages bonus and many more (Khaola and Coldwell, 2019).
Through these strategies Mark & Spenser can overcome with organisational issue in
effective manner as well as able to improve their working and can generate revenue.
Recommendations of most suitable strategy
After going to entire discussion it has been recommended to Marks and Spencer that
most suitable strategy for their working will be continuous evaluating external business
environment as well as implementing several motivational Strategies for their staff member.
As analysing business environment help them in implementing changes within required
duration in more effective manner because when changes take place and implemented in
organisation will not result in burden or staff member and they will also feel comfortable
with modifications. Apart from this there are several reasons due to which staff members feel
demotivated so it is responsibility of manager as well as leader to motivate Their employees
because their activities give impact on working of company. Thus Marks and Spencer have to
implement monetary and non-monetary strategies motivating their personals which involves
incentives bonus holiday packages and many more.
CONCLUSION
After going through above discussion it has been summarised that organisational
behaviour and leadership both are important. Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of
human behaviour in organizational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the
organization, and the organization itself. Main goals of organizational behaviour are to
revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life.
Apart from this, leadership is the procedure through which leader can direct, guide a well as
influence behaviour and work of others staff towards achieving goals within specific time
duration. In addition to this, Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates
to work with confidence and zeal. Along with this, there are several organisation or
leadership issue company can face but it is important for them to resolve these in effective
manner for smooth working of business. In addition to this for this purpose company can
implement several strategies within their working.

REFERENCES
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