Organisational Behaviour Report: Leadership, Motivation, and Culture

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the impact of culture, politics, and power on individuals and teams within Primark. It explores motivational theories, including Maslow's hierarchy, and their application in influencing individuals and teams to achieve goals. The report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, examining team effectiveness models. Furthermore, it delves into the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour, referencing Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theory to understand cultural influences. The report also examines the role of leadership, motivation, and the importance of a positive work environment to enhance productivity and profitability within the organisation. The analysis includes discussions on reward and coercive power, positive and negative politics, and how these factors influence employee behaviour and overall organisational success.

Organisational
Behaviour
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Contents
Organisational Behavoiur...............................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Analyse the effect of Culture, politics & power on behaviour of both individuals and Teams
................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Influence Individuals & Teams to attain a goal......................................................................7
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
Team Effectiveness..............................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
Concepts & philosophies of Organisational behaviour along with a given situation...........12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION
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Organisation behaviour is defined as study of human behaviour through which it
combines among the employees and the organisation solely. It has been influenced by the
number of individuals and members of their staff working in an organisation. It further includes
various elements such as performance, motivation, communication and leadership. This study of
behaviour accent on structure of optimistic environment within the establishment so that the
company could increase high opportunities in a efficient and effective manner. In context to
Primark, which is a fashion retailer and is founded by Arthur Ryan in the year 1969. This
company is located in Dublin, Ireland. In addition to this, the company could offer such products
which involves clothing, household purpose and cosmetics etc. This report involves motivational
theories and process theory. Furthermore, it also includes the differentiation between effective
and ineffective team and various models for development of team. Moreover, it also involves
various philosophies and concepts of organisation behaviour.
TASK 1
Analyse the effect of Culture, politics & power on behaviour of both individuals and Teams
After examine the behaviour of individuals and their team members in the current
working environment is defined as Organisation behaviour. The main aim is to understand the
behaviour and performance of employees. Further, it would aid companies to know about the
needs and wants of employees to fulfil their requirements. In addition to this, it also helps an
organisation to keep all the members of team for a long time and prevent the cost of recruiting
new employees in a organisation. The manager of Primark company has analysed the market
conditions as well as their competitors in order to get healed from the recession. This company
would endure in aggressive competition in order to keep the same uniformity it has been
accomplished that culture,politics and power plays a significant role in this high competition.
Moreover, the topmost authorization has to be understand by the existing policies and plans to
attain the indulgent results. However, the individual and their team members are performed
which could affect the power, culture and politics of an organisation which is discussed as
follows:
Culture: It further includes various beliefs, norms and values, traditions of an individual
and their behaviour and level of performance. The culture of an organisation which could affect
directly and indirectly on the behaviour of their team members and personnel. By assessing of
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positive culture, the organisation includes various opportunities that helps to motivate their
employees as well as their performance in a company. Types of culture which are present in an
organisation is described as follows:
Person culture: This culture refers to the employees in which the people has given the
importance to themselves than the organisation. The main aim of individuals is to achieve theior
own goals rather than an enterprise. The basic factor of individual is to gain more money which
could increase the profitability of an organisation. It further affects the profitability of the firm to
employees utilise their working time that could attain their personal goals. This lead to lose in
the targets and objectives of an organisation which often decrease in productivity.
Role culture: This involves various roles and responsibilities which are allotted and also
helps to apply the actions of business in a efficient and effective manner. Therefore, an
organisation has all the power of controllable on operations if this culture is predate. Moreover,
this could specifies that the individuals who has the authority to perform the act that has been
permitted. This also cut down the disputes at the time of work that is allotted to every individual.
Hence, the problem which is arised while making the slow decisions and risks cause is
sustainable as contrast to other culture.
Primark company could accompany the role culture because the employees are decided in
accordant with the skills and abilities in order to achieve the goals of organisation and
individuals.
Power: It recognise the fundamental ability of an individual that determine all the
members of their staff that are presently working in the environment. In relation to Primark, the
power of decision are taken through the Topmost level management of a company. There are
several powers which is described as follows:
Reward power: This power includes the rewarding and benefits of employees in relation
to their performance level. It further continue the manual instructions that could achieve the
goals and objectives of a company. The organisation could motivate and satisfy the employees
within the workplace to gain the productivity and profitability. The companies gave various
benefits such as incentives, performance based certificate and so on. It further helps the
employees to assist team spirit and their members of staff in order to gain the competitive
advancement through the working environment.
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Coercive power: It refers to the power of high authorities that are given orders to
employees. It further involves the power of top level management that cut down the team spirit
within the individuals and also uninspiring them that decreases the effectiveness and productivity
of an organisation. In addition to this, it also evolves the destructive mind of employees through
which it slowers down the effect on the profitability of a company.
Primark company has involves various policies and procedures that fulfil the needs of
their staff and follows the reward power. It gives various benefits to its employees and incentives
in order to motivate their employees to achieve the goals and objectives.
Politics: It is further defined as the actions in which it took place while the personnel are
interconnected within the working environment. This lead to the directly and indirectly effect of
this element within the workplace. For example, if when a fight is arised in an organisation then
it would affect on the workplace and their environment adversely. There are various types of
politics which are discussed as under:
Positive politics: This could determines as the members of their team which could
increased the efforts in such a way that it would attain outcomes. This lead to motivate the
employees in operations with positive mind in order to work in approval of a company. Various
benefits are involved such as increase in productivity and their outcomes etc. It motivates the
employees towards their behaviour in the positive team spirit.
Negative politics: This is defined as the politics which could make the negative
environment within the workplace. It further effect on possible in contrary manner to a large
level. This would be decerease in building the positive realtions among the employees which
lead to make trust between all the employees. In addition to this, it directlt affect on low down
the productivity and increase disputes among them.
Primark company provides positive politics for reaching the favourable outcomes in the
given time which is assigned to them. This could lead to the acheivement through gaining the
faith of employees which could result them in motivating for a long period of time.
From the above description, it is consider that power, politics and culture which could
affect on the performance and their attitude within an organisation. For instance, the manager of
Primark is to keep good and healthy environment within the enterprise in order to rise their
productivity and level of performance of employees. In addition to this, this could acquire the
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reward power which aid the company to motivate their employees and members of team so that
they would increase profitability in an organisation.
Hofstede;s Cultural Dimension Theory: This theory is developed by Green Hofstede
which displays the affect of society on their behaviour and their beliefs of a personnel. In
instance for this, a company could understands just about various cultures. Hofstede's theory
belongs to six cultural magnitude which is discussed as follows:
 Individualism vs Collectivism: It is defined as the level of societies which are
included in groups and create mutual understanding in a particular society. In UK
country the individuality would be followed and hence Primark and other
organisations also follow this. It provides the freedom to do performed actions which
could lead to examine the abilities in themselves.
 Power Distance: It refers to the level of at which the power of community is low and
it supported & judged equivalence. For instance, the power and equivalence is
showed through the followings from the low level. In addition to this, policies and
procedures for edge equivalence between the person which are surviving in a country
in order to provide balanced opportunity for the personnel. Primark could also accept
the equivalent in a firm whenever judicial necessity is applied.
 Uncertainty Avoidance: This intend the level of expression and unpredictability is
supported. In further includes unpredictedness and unanticipated outcome and many
more. In UK it creates various victuals for assembly that took point in crisis
ascertainities in such a way that lead to avoid lots of load. Primark also believe in
potential conditions which could happen in future to deflect financial loads on the
enterprise.
 Femininity vs Masculinity: It is refers to the “Hard vs Soft” and further it includes
orientation of community for equivalence, attitude, their behaviour and so on. In UK
the only male is autocratic country whether the women which are in business firm
delivering better situations. Moreover, high participation of females in various sphere
is needed to be attained. Hence, Primark is also determined the specific jobs
opportunities which are appropriate for males. This moves completely in opposition
to further policies of equivalence.
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 Short Term Orientation vs Long Term Orientation: It is refers to community rules and
and regulations which are build on old traditions. It further involves short and long
term magnitude. In UK it is changes with the time through investment in technology
that support rate with modifying takes place. In context to Primark it also occur
changes for themselves to sustain in the market by diversify the online business and
integrated the various changes in new technology.
 Indulgence vs Restraint: This conception is defined as the degree of freedom which is
provided by the social standards to national in such a way that meet their needs and
wants. UK directed on the idea of indulgence for attractive people that lead to take
decision-making which are finished by it. Primark motivates their employees to
measure the ideas and opinions so that they brought innovation and creation in
activities. Further, this also helps in attaining the desirable results for indulgence.
TASK 2
Influence Individuals & Teams to attain a goal
Motivation is defined as the process which includes psychological needs that motivates
the employees to increase their level of performance. Motivation is assess to motive, need and
want in order to provide an employee to attain organisational goals and objectives. Motivation
includes two types which is Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation. Extrinsic motivation refers to the
behaviour of personnel that change according to their level of performance. It further helps to
avoid the penalty. Intrinsic motivation signifies a people for self-motivation and satisfaction.
Motivational theories
Motivational theories refers to the process in which a personnel is how motivated to
accomplish the goals and objectives of a business. It is considered of two types which is content
and process theory in reference to Primark:
Content Theory: It is related to the elements which are recognised so that they ascertain
the reason which an individual gets motivated in order to attain the desired goals. In context to
Primark, the high authorities are adopted by Maslow's hierarchy theory which is a content theory
in such a way that motivates their employees. This theory is described as follows:
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Maslow's hierarchy: This theory indicates the basic and primary needs of a personnel
which is essential to attain for the growth of an organisation. It includes basic needs, social need
or belongings, self respect and confidence which is discussed in context to Primark:
Physiological need: with reference to Primark, the team members of this company directs
on the basic needs such as air, water, food and shelter for satisfying the needs of a particular
individual in order to increase the productivity and profitability of an organisation.
Safety need: in context to Primark, the high authority directs on the safety, security for
the motivation and satisfaction for the job opportunity in order to increase effectiveness and
efficiency of an organisation.
Social need: With reference to Primark, the manager focus on friendship, belongingness,
love and affection in order to keep healthy and friendly environment among the employees.
Hence, it motivates the personnel for working to attain the goal and objectives of an
organisation.
Esteem need: In relation to Primark, the manager accented on self respect of personnel by
taking actions into participation in decision-making, occupational actions and hence it raise their
confidence for doing work within the environment.
Self-actualisation need: In context to Primark, the manager of this company motivate
their employees that carry out creativeness and talent towards the working environment. In
addition to this, it also boost employees for work with fully possible so that they improve their
productivity and profitability level of Primark.
With the utilization of Maslow theory of needs, Primark analyse the different needs
which is important to keep a staff members motivated and satisfied. They focuses on achieving
the objectives within a stipulted time period in order to satisfy the employees.
Process theory: This theory focuses on the different variable factor which helps in
accessing and giving meaning to the deviation generated in the company. It consists of factors
which brought various changes in behaviour within the working environment. In addition to this,
process theory study the needs and their requirements of employees would affect the their
behaviour. In context to Primark, the HR Manager can adopt Adam's Equity Theory which is a
process theory with the goal of motivating their team members and employees. This theory
which is going to be discussed below:
Adam's Equity Theory:-
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There are two types of principles firstly, the staff members should be treated fairly by the
supervisor of the company. Secondly, there must be a balance between input and output of
worker. The input is the efforts made by the workers in the organisation such as skills,
knowledge and ability on the other hand output is what they accomplish in return such as
rewards, benefits and remuneration. Each and every employee aspect for a company which
provides equivalent opportunity for the future growth. In assistance to this, it is the primary
nature of human being to the desirable outcomes for their contribution being put in a work.
Further it also helps in maintaining employees to get motivated and inspire them to attain the
goals and objectives. In assistance to this, it leads to achieve targets in an appropriate manner for
deflect from negative results. It also raises the efforts of employees in taking decisions.
Behavioural Psychology: It refers to the behaviour of an individual. This theory indicates
the innovative ideas which is created through interconnections within the working environment.
Emotional Intelligence: It is primarily refers to the ability and capability of a employee
which is to be understand and controlled within a constructive manner. Further, it helps them to
convey with others in a efficient and effective manner for easily get over with overcome and
traits.
Importance of soft skills for Teams & Managers
Soft skills is defined as the quality and personality traits that displays relationship among
a personnel with another people. The most essential soft skills are communication and social
skills. Further, the another skills which involves Teamwork, leadership, creativity ad problem
solving and many more. This skill is important for the managers and team members so that they
enhance their working efficiency. With reference to Primark, it is very essential for the mangers
to have soft skills in order to provide help to resolution and deal with the issues in an effective
and efficient manner. In assistance to this, it also helps to carry out competence and ability of its
employees in order to increase their skillfulness and level of performance of a company. For
instance, soft skills are needed for the request by team to measure arrangements within the
changes in business environment. However, it further helps the leaders of a team to transmit and
clear up the duties and responsibilities for all the members of a team in such a way to achieve
predefined goals within a time specify.
Task vs Relationship Leadership
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Task Leadership: This theory specifies a leader which is inspired and motivated in order
to attain the performed tasks. In context to Primark, possession of leadership task through leaders
which provides the company to execute task within the time period in order to accomplish goals
efficiently and effectively. The leaders of an organisation has to design the policies and process
which are conveying to the associates so that they appraise the performance of employees in a
effective way.
Relational Leadership: Wherein, a leader of a company would focus on keeping the
relationship with all members of a team currently in the organisation in order to carry for a long
period of time. In relation to Primark, the leadership aid the company to maintain positive
environment which lead to increase their efficiency and actions of its employees.
Psychodynamic Approach: This theory primarily focus on psychological forces which
emphasize the feelings of human and their emotions with behaviour and then it associates with
their past experiences and skills. With reference to Primark, a leader of a company has the
knowledge about the attributes form of employees to keep positive relationship among them in
order to achieve the goals and objectives of a company.
TASK 3
Team Effectiveness
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Interconnectedness This team involves the
members which have positive
mind-set for attaining the
target goals.
This involves deficiency of
interconnections that lead to
non-attainment of goals. This
creates hard for the enterprise
to achieve the goals and
objectives.
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Goals and objectives A leader determines the goals
in an appropriate manner.
Every personnel have the
experience about single targets
for exertion that keeps in right
direction.
There is already deficiency of
clearness in goals for this team
members that lead to cut down
the outcome in time lag for
achieving the goals and
objectives.
Transmission Team members directs two
way communication that helps
to carry openness.
It involves only one way
communication that makes
disputes among personnel.
Decision-making process Team members takes decisions
which includes new
innovations.
Decisions are taken by top
management which makes
various actions.
Types of organisational Teams
The group members who work together which achieve objectives and goals is refers to
Teams. This involves various types of teams that are described as follows:
Functional Team: It refers to group of people which works together for accomplish of
their goals and objectives. In Primark, expansion of efficient teams would support a company to
complete the tasks within a given period of time.
Problem Solving Team: It refers to resolve a specified problem that occurs within a
team of Primark company in an efficient and effective manner.
Project Team: The members of a team works together to achieve predefined goals. It is
recognised in a appropriate structure which defined their duties and responsibilities. In context to
Primark, it helps the company to enhance its profitability & achieve their goals and objectives.
Virtual Team: It refers to employees who works in various areas or locations. In context
to Primark, it works across the globe, procurement of team that helps a company to implement
various actions of business in various countries to increase profitability as well as its market
share.
Tuckman Team Development Model: It was projected by Bruce Tuckman in year
1965. Tuckman theory accent of employees performance for a specific task when it is started and
completed. In context to Primark, procurement of this model support companies to manage their
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team in effective and efficient manner. This includes five levels of team members that is
discussed as follows:
Forming: It is a primary stage of team members that allocated them performed task in an
appropriate way. With reference to Primark, it is very essential for them to allocate the specified
tasks in such a way that grows positive environment is developed within a working environment.
Team members start presenting so that they create promise with another members in order to
achieve duties in an efficient and effective manner.
Storming: The relationship between team members is developed so that they split their
opinions and ideas within all the team members. In context to Primark, it is necessary for
managers to contemplate ideas of all team members through which there is no issues rises within
a working environment.
Norming: The team members decide the policies and procedures of an organisation. For
instance, decisions are made by mutual agreement of all members that fail disputes rise between
them. In Primark, a company would help to provide growth and objectives within a given time
period.
Performing: In Primark, the manger of this company gives the authority to their team
members for taking decisions that motivates them to attain their efficiency towards the work.
Adjourning: Primark has its top management which make sure the friendly relationship
between members that achieve the work completion for continuing good culture within an
organisation.
TASK 4
Concepts & philosophies of Organisational behaviour along with a given situation
Concepts of Organisation Behaviour:
Individual Difference: It refers to each and every personnel is various from others and
they works according to their ideas and opinions. It is essential for Primark to grow positive
attitude of members that could achieve the goals somewhat concentrating on their ideas and
opinions.
Motivation: It is necessary for Primark to motivate and satisfy according to their needs
and wants of the employees. This supports company to enhance performance and productivity of
employees in order to enhance sales and performance of Primark.
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Philosophies of Organisational Behaviour:
There are different philosophies of Organisational behaviour which is discussed as
follows:
Custodial: It indicates that it is crucial to provide them training programmes for
employees before allocate them specified tasks that helps Primark to implement business actions
in an effective and efficient way.
Collegial: In Primark, this could help to provide company for motivating in order to
increase productivity and profitability.
Autocratic: Primark has the control in taking decisions for attaining goals of a company.
Path-goal Theory: In context to Primark, a manager of this company highlighted right path for
the employees of a company in order to increase productivity and profitability. This includes
four styles:
Directive: Primark directs their team members for attaining the predefined objectives of
a company.
Achievement: In Primark, the manager of this company focus on tasks of their
employees as perceive them for performing specified tasks to attain goals and objectives.
Participative: In context to Primark, higher authorities and responsibilities focus on
taking ideas of employees in decision-making in a company.
Supportive: In Primark, the manager of this company supports their employees for
motivating them to achieve positive work within a company.
CONCLUSION
From the above description, it can be concluded as the organisational behaviour plays a
significant role in success of an enterprise. It includes three factors that impact on behaviour
of an individual such as Culture, Politics and Power. A leader or manger plays a crucial role
and also motivate them to build positive relationship within an working environment. A
leader implements Maslow’s and Adam’s Equity theory for motivating and also enhancing
their efficiency towards the work. In addition to this, it involves Tuckman Team
development model and Path-goal Theory for achieving goals and objectives in an effective
and efficient manner. Further, a company carries out predefined task for completion in an
effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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