An Analysis of Organisational Behaviour at A David & Co Limited Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within A David & Co Limited, a medium-sized food and beverage company. The report begins by examining how organisational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance, applying Handy's cultural typology and French and Raven's five types of power. It then delves into content and process theories of motivation, specifically focusing on Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Vroom's expectancy theory, and how these theories can be used to enhance employee motivation and achieve organisational goals. The report further explores the characteristics of effective versus ineffective teams, highlighting factors that contribute to team success. Finally, the report discusses the key concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. The analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding human behaviour in the workplace to improve performance and achieve organisational objectives.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1.Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance............................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2.Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organisation................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3.Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.............................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4.Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation..............8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to study people as well as groups performance and
activity which are performed within company. It is helpful firm to know about complex nature of
human through identifying effects as well as cause of that behaviour. (Boddy, 2014). This assists
to develop the work performance, increase job satisfaction and so on. For this report the chosen
company is A David & Co Limited which is medium size organisation of food
and beverages.The purpose of this report is to explain the organisational culture, politics and
power. Content and process theories of motivation as well as motivational techniques. Effective
team opposed an ineffective team and concepts as well as philosophies of organisational
behaviour are also mentioned in this report.
TASK 1
P1.Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Organisational culture is considered as a values, manner, assumptions and beliefs
which contribute towards the unique psychological as well as social environment of company. A
David & Co Limited is applying Handy's cultural typology. It is introduced by Charles Handy
and this is classified into four elements that are mentioned below:
Power culture: This culture is refer as an individuals capability to influence another
people who are related to business for effective achievement of organisational objectives. There
are few company where the power stay in hands of some individuals as well as only they are
authorised to make decisions. A David & Co Limited can assure that power is provided to that
people who have strong determination skills and capability to make effective decisions. If power
are given to individuals then it get authority and make decisions of their own without consulting
to anyone. This help in influencing team and individual as power can lead to achievement of
goals and objectives. The performance of individual or a team can also be improved while
manager has power to influence them.
Task culture: It is a type of typology that impact the employees performance. Company
where groups are formed to attain the targets or resolve issues considered the task culture. In this
kind of firm people with similar specialisation as well as interests come together to make a team
(Huhtala and et.al, 2013). There are usually 4 to 5 members in all group. A David & Co Limited
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can adopt this culture so that all the members of each team can contribute equally as well as
accomplish work in an effective manner. The behaviour of team and individual impacted by task
culture as each and every person knows their duties and responsibilities for performing better.
Performance of individual and team get more better as work is assigned to everyone.
Person culture: In this culture, people are more focused about themselves instead of
company. Workers generally come to office for money and never get attached to it. A David &
Co Limited can use this culture to create value, focused toward individuals as well as engaged
them to meet self actualisation requirements. Also, this type of culture are implemented while
activities like inequality occurs in company then employees focus towards their own task, do not
concern about team members. It reduce team behaviour and work between each employee.
Role culture: This is the culture where workers are delegated role as well as
responsibilities as per their specialisation, qualification of education and interests. A David & Co
Limited can use this culture so that duties assigned to their workers are according to qualification
and specialization in order to accomplish organisational objectives effectively. This impact the
team and individual behaviour as well as on their performance as through this they can easily
understand their role within company and perform accordingly.
Therefore, A David & Co Limited have to adopt the role culture so that appropriate
responsibilities are distributed to among all employees according to interests, skills and so on.
Organisational power
Power is considered as the capability to influence another individuals (Jafri, 2012). A
David & Co Limited use French and Racen’s five type of power are formed to show there are
various power that effects success and leadership of individuals. All are mentioned below:
Coercive power: It is based on coercion and means that anyone is forced to perform the
task. This is the capability to punish other or pose a threat to another and utilises fear as
motivator. This power may use by A David & Co Limited to threaten their employees regarding
job security, pay cutting and so on. This will impact the team and individual behaviour as it their
works are to be accomplish forcefully so that work can not be performed effectively.
Reward power: This power is just opposite to coercive power. It is the capability to
provide individuals something as a reward and ask them to perform work in exchange of that
(Maitland, Hills and Rhind, 2015). A David & Co Limited can use this power to encouraged
employees in order to develop its performance by giving some kinds of rewards such as
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incentives, bonus etc. This will impact the individual and team behaviour as through this they
can get satisfied as well as feel motivated to work effectively for the firm.
Legitimate power: It provides ability to relate specific feeling of responsibility towards
management. This is also called position or official power. Generally manager provides power as
per their post. Through which it can control resources as well as rewards and punish others.
Through this, individual and each employee who perform in a team both can make decisions as
per their positions so that they can perform effectually.
Referent power: This is also considered as a charismatic, personal and personality power.
It is the individuals personality which attracts people. Manger of A David & Co Limited use this
power to attract their more number of workers so that they obey them and perform the task
effectively. With this power both individual and team can prove themselves while performing
their task through its personality and working skill.
Expert power: This is also considered as a power of knowledge. This usually comes from
skills as well as knowledge of expert. It means expert determinant other behaviours of
individuals. Therefore, manager of A David & Co Limited have well knowledge so that they can
guide their subordinates effectively. If individuals as well as team have more knowledge then
their behaviour can impacted as well-knowledge people and team can provide good cognition
regarding work so that they can perform task with interests.
Organisational Politics:
This is considered as a informal, unofficial efforts to sell thoughts, enhance power and
accomplish another targeted objectives. Employees of organisation are some-times concerned
with politics that influences the performance of team and workers. Politics power effects the A
David & Co Limited environment that outcomes in minimising effectiveness of company and
employees. Also, impacts the team and individual behaviour are as follows:
Minimise the productivity:
Politics low down the productivity of individual as well as team. It plays to pay less
attention towards task. Through this workers fail to attain to target at specified time periods.
Maintain decorum:
through politics decorum of the firm can be maintained. It also impact the team and
individuals behaviour, if the proper decorum is organised then group as well as people perform
with its interest towards the accomplishment of objectives.
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TASK 2
P2.Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organisation
Motivation is a generally considered as a term to inspire workers of company in order to
perform effectively with the purpose of accomplishing its objectives. It is essential aspects for all
organisation to meet business with their goals (Manzi and Darcy, 2017). Manager of A David &
Co Limited encourage employees by providing them promotions as well as rewards. For this
theories of motivation are useful for workers to influence its behaviour at work. A David & Co
Limited manager can execute content and process theories in order to encourage their workers to
perform the task effectively. Both the theories are mentioned below:
Content theories:
This is considered as a earliest motivational theories. It is also known as needs theory as
it try to find out the requirements and connect motivation in accomplishing of that needs. There
are various content theories such as McClelland’s achievement motivation, Maslow's hierarchy
of needs, Herzberg's two factor theory and so on. From all these A David & Co Limited apply
the Maslow's needs hierarchy which is explained below:
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory:
Illustration 1: Maslow's needs hierarchy theory
(Source: Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, 2018)
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It is introduced by Abraham Maslow in year 1943 and concentrate towards to satisfy
employees needs in company. This is not possible for manager to fulfil as well as find out
requirements of workers. This type of theory have classified human needs into five categories
that are mentioned below:
Psychological needs: It highlights the basic needs of workers or people at workplace for
having sustainable life. These requirements are clothes, food and so on. A David & Co Limited
management assure that employees needs are to be fulfil effectually for this they can facilitate
good salaries to its workers. If this needs of employees are fulfilled then employees of company
are satisfy that assist them to perform effectively in order to accomplish objectives of company.
Safety and security needs: In this level, the requirements for security as well as safety are
primary. It includes heath and wellness, financial security, protection and so on. For the
fulfilment of this needs A David & Co Limited assure that workers are provided proper security
by facilitating them funds for health and safety in difficult situation. Now a days, workers want
that they should work in surroundings that gives them financial security. For this A David & Co
Limited management have provided employees policy in order to retain workers.
Social needs: To perform effectually, people required love, belongingness, affection and
so on from others. A David & Co Limited employers have to be sure that all workers are treated
evenly. For this their management has involved its workers in task in order to develop relations
with another employees. It will assists them to accomplish social requirements of workers.
Objectives like satisfying customer through providing quality product society etc..
Self Esteem needs: It is considered as a most crucial factors for that all people give their
best. A David & Co Limited management required to create some strategies to develop as well
as maintained the positive environment in company. This strategy will improve all workers
performance those who are the part of that firm, do not matter at which post they are. As
employees performance will develop then goals of company can be accomplish successfully.
Self Actualisation needs: It is considered as a employees desire that will assists them to
improve as well as grow career in unionised way. For this A David & Co Limited management
facilitates training and learning programmes to their workers in order to maximise its skills and
knowledge. It will assists workers to perform more effectually. If employees self actualisation
needs are fulfilled then various skills are to be used effectively into work in order to accomplish
organisational objectives.
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Process theory:
It is the theory which depicts manner where motivation occurs in company and what
overall process are needed to motivate the morale of workers. There are different process
theories like Victor Vroom's expectancy theory, Adam's equity theory, Skinner's reinforcement
and so on (Robbins and et.al, 2013). Manager of A David & Co Limited Vroom's expectancy
theory that is explained below:
Vroom expectancy theory:
It is the theory that is bases on the personality, behaviour, skills of all employees in the
organisation. David & co make an employees to deliver good results that give the positive
outcomes to the organisation. If the employees do receive the feedback then how come they
work with the team members . It is necessary for all employees in the A David & Co Limited to
work with the team so that they receive the positive outcomes in the organisation. There are three
instruments that give the feedback to the employees-
Expectancy, instrumentality and valence
Expectancy: In the above instrument whenever a employee work in the team they have to
see that how the goals and desires can be manipulated to give the desired outcome in the
organisation. They have to see what are the purpose to achieve the goals in the organisation. If
they receive the positive outcome then all employees will gain the positive results. A David and
co Limited can view that employees objectives can be manipulated to provide expected results in
order to attain objectives of company.
Instrumentality: The rewards can be depend on then basis of the positions that all
employees can be made according to the working criteria. In this instrument the A David & Co
Limited can help the managers to make the rewards according to the working criteria so that the
organisation can gain the desired results. Employees get rewarded so employees feel to give its
best towards achieving the objectives of firm.
Valence: Motivation is a main term in making this instrument to help the employees to
work in the effective teams and make the good decisions (Shi and Zeng, 2013). In the A David &
Co Limited can help the employees to work in the team so that they can make the good decisions
and obtain desired outcomes for the organisation. All the workers can gain the good rewards
when they work good in the organisation and helpful in making the effective decisions. This will
plan the desired goals and determination for all the employees in the organisation. If effective
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decisions are made as well as expected results are obtained so this will assists in accomplishing
the goals of company.
Motivational techniques: This technique is important in organisation for employees
retention and encouragement. There are several motivational techniques which help respective
organisation in motivating their staff members such as rewards, bonus, holiday packages. In
simple term it can be said that, motivation can be financial as well as non- financial. Some
techniques used by A David & Co Limited are mentioned below: Reward: This is a great way to motivate workers for accomplishing objectives of
company. It should be given as per their performance. So, A David & Co Limited have
to give rewards to their employees so that they can perform effectively in order to attain
organisational objectives.
 Job enrichment: This motivation techniques made jobs challenging as well as
meaningful by enhancing duties and opportunities of growth. So, A David & Co Limited
have to provide some challenging work so that employees feel encourage and perform
with full potential in order to accomplish the goals of firm.
TASK 3
P3.Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In all company, team of employees plays a crucial role in accomplishing the objectives of
firm. There are various kinds of team like quality team, project team and so on that has its own
responsibilities as well as work to do. A team is refer to be effective if members are capable to
accomplished work at specified time (Veluri, 2012). This team assists firm to attain the
organisational goals effectually. In context of A David & Co Limited, the manager of firm
create various team as per the employees work performance that assists them to accomplish their
ambition effectively.
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Interdependence Interdependence is utilise in
positive manner so that
objectives are attained by
team.
Interdependence is not utilise
creatively, the team do not
accomplish their targets
effectually.
Communication Communication is two way One way communication
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among team. happen among this team.
Objectives Here, objectives are clear
among team members and this
can be only changes by
considering team so that
organisational goals can be
attained.
Herein, objectives are imposed
on all members of team and
tend to accomplish competitive
advantage from one other.
Management must assure that open communication are carried out at workplace it will
assists manager of A David & Co Limited to assure that all employees are contributing
effectively or not. Through this they can share issues as well as good discussion can be proceeds
by determining what have to be performed. If effective team is created then manager can easily
convince all team to perform the assigned role as well as effective decisions are to be taken. In
case an ineffective team are formed then it will be tough to accomplish the allotted work on
specified time. Few individuals show its interest to achieve objectives while others will not.
 It is essential for company to has appropriate employee engagement this will lead
towards the success of firm and work will be accomplished at given time period.
 Along with this, it is crucial to maintain effectual relation with workers at job. It will aids
its workers to obtain knowledge relating to another fields. So, the manager of A David &
Co Limited must ensure that work are to be allotted according to the skills of workers.
 Formation of effective team help in increase profit as well as sales of the firm.
Thus, Tuckman's model have been organized through management of A David & Co
Limited that is mentioned below:
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(Source: Tuckman's model, 2019)
Forming: At this step, company concentrate to interact with new workers in order to
develop team. With the help of this all employees will understand their abilities as well as skills
controlled by another workers (Weng and et.al, 2015). It will assists A David & Co Limited to
form an effective team so that objectives can be accomplished at expected time.
Storming: At this step, employer assign roles and responsibilities of all employees. For
this, it has to monitor the work performance of all workers so that task can be done effectually.
So, manager of A David & Co Limited have to allot the task to its employees according to their
performance.
Norming: Members of team are at normal state and they are trying to develop
relationship with every workers who is performing in that group. So, it will assists A David &
Co Limited employees to perform as a team in order to attain the goals of company.
Performing: Here all workers understand its roles and duties that they has to do. With the
assistance of this A David & Co Limited can increased benefits and gain good position by
achieving objectives.
Adjourning: It is the last step, here all team members of A David & Co Limited enjoy
success of its project. As they complete their work that are given to them.
So, it have been understand that effective team member can formed its team by
performing all work in appropriate way. Also, Tuckman model and their approach assists
members to accomplish their goals effectively.
Belbin theory:
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Illustration 2: Tuckman's model

This theory was developed by Meredith Belbin. It is the widely used tool in order to
support the team building. A David Co & Ltd. Applied this theory which aids them to create
effectual team also know their roles. All these roles are explained below: Implementer: It is also known as the practical thinker. They have to put the plan as well
as ides into implemented work. Team of A David Co & Ltd. Have to organise the task in
better manner in order to attain goals. Resource Investigator: These are generally open minded, crazy, adventurous and
investigate new ideas. So, team of A David Co & Ltd. Has these kinds of members in
order to create innovative ideas so that target can be achieve successfully. Plant: These are considered as a creative thinker of team. Thus, A David Co & Ltd.
Team has this kinds of members so that issues can be resolved quickly.
 Monitor: These analyse the situation and get deeply into the things. Team of A David Co
& Ltd. Have this types of member so that an impartial decision are made and they do not
feel partiality.
 Shaper: These are the passionate and driven to take challenges and perform jobs. Team
of A David Co & Ltd. Has these kinds of member so that to ensures that work are
performing correctly and accomplish the goals.
 Coordinator: These are the one who have the faith on others as well as delegates simply
but sometimes leave the work upon another person. From the team of A David Co & Ltd.
One person should be play this role so that work are to be distributed appropriately and
focused them towards objectives.
 Completer Finisher: These are the one who monitors the quality and safety but
sometimes behave like over conservative. So, team members of A David Co & Ltd. an
play this role so that work can be completed and if any errors occurs that can be polished.
 Team workers: It is the sensitive members of the team and focused towards improving
environment. A David Co & Ltd. Team members can play this roles so that required
work can be identified and do the task in respect of team.
 Specialist: These are the advisor who have understanding regarding specific topics with
quality. In A David Co & Ltd. Team one members should play this role so that they have
deep knowledge about key areas of the team.
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